I. Harry Laughlin, secretary, Bulletin #/OA: Rep011
of the Committee to Study and to Report on the Best
Prtlctical Means of Cutting Off the Defective
Gemt-Plasm in the American Population: 1. The
Scope of the Committee's lVr, , ·k(Cold Spring
Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor, 1914), pp. I,
9.
2. See Problems in Eugenics Vol.11: Report of
Proceedings of the Fi, ·st International Eugenical
Congress (Klngsway, Wc.: Eugenics Education
Society, 1913). Caleb W Saleeby, "The House
of Life: The Mental Deficiency Bill, " 22 July
1912. See Laughlin, Bulletin #/OA. See Harry
H. Laughlin, secretary, Bulletin #/OB: : Repo't of
the Committee to Study and to Report on the Best
Practical Means of Cutting Off the Defective
Genn-Plasm in the American Population: II. The
Legal, Legislative and Administrative Aspects of
Sterilization (Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold
Spring Harbor, 1914).
3. The Eugenics Education Society,
"Programme, " Problems in Eugenics Vol. II:
Report of Proceedings of the Fi, ·st International
Eugenical Congress (Kingsway, We.: Eugenics
Education Society, 1913), p. 3. "History of the
International Organisation of Eugenics, " memorandum
circa November 1923, pp. 1-12:
Truman C-2-1:2.
4. "History of the International Organisation of
Eugenics, " p. 3.
5. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Madison
Grant, 10 October 1919: APS B:D27 - Grant,
Madison # 1. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to
Madison Grant, 2 April 1920: APS B:D27 -
Grant, Madison #3. Letter, Madison Grant to
Charles B. Davenport, 7 April 1920: APS
B:D27 - Grant, Madison #3. Letter, Madison
Grant to Charles B. Davenport, 13 April 1920:
APS B:D27 - Grant, Madison #3. Letter, Alvey
A. Adee to Charles B. Davenport, 5 February
1921: NA 59/250/22/10/3/2620. Letter, e. e.
Kimble to Envoy Extraordinary & Minister
Plenipotentiary of the United States of
America, 17 March 1921: NA
59/250/22/10/3/5459. Letter, Charles S.
Hartman to Sr. Dr. Dn. N. Clemente Ponce, 7
June 1921: NA 59/250/22/10/3/5459.
6. Grant to Davenport, 13 April 1920. Davenport
to Grant, 2 April 1920. Lothrop Stoddard, The
Rising Tide of Color (New York: Charles
Scribner's Sons, 1926), p. i. "Second Eugenics
Congress, " Eugenical News Vol. VI (1921) p. 65.
American Museum of Natural History,
"Timeline" at www.amnh.org. Second
International Congress of Eugenics, Eugenics,
Genetics and the Family: Volume I: Scientific Papers
(Baltimore: Williams & \Vilkins Company,
1923), p. i. Harry H. Laughlin, The Second
International Exhibition of Eugenics (Baltimore:
\Villiams & \Vilkins Co., 1923), p. 13.
7. Eugenics, Genetics and the Family: Volume 1:
Scientific Papers, p. ii. "Second Eugenics
Congress, " p. 64. Laughlin, The Second
International Exhibition of Eugenics, p. 16. Herny
Fairfield Osborn, "Address of Welcome, "
Eugenics, Genetics and the Family: Volume I:
Scientific Papers, pp. 1, 3.
9. Eugenics, Genetics and the Family: Volume I:
Scientific Papers, pp. iii-v.
10. Letter, Hermann Lundborg to Charles B.
Davenport, 29 August 1921: APS B:D27. Also
See Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Hermann
Lundborg, 24 October 1921: APS B:D27. Also
See Letter, Hermann Lundborg to Charles B.
Davenport, 28 November 1921: APS B:D27.
11. Charles B. Davenport, "Research in Eugenics,
"
Eugenics, Genetics and the Family: Volume I:
Scientific Papers, p. 20.
12. Laughlin, The Second International Exhibition of
Eugenics, pp. 13, 33, 36, 152-153. "II.
International Congress of Eugenics, " Eugenical
News, Vol. VI (1921), p. 28. Princeton
University, "Dodge-Osborn Hall, " at
etc.princeton.edu.
13. Arthur H. Estabrook, "The Second
International Eugenics Congress, " speech given
to the Indiana Academy of Science, 2 December
1921: Truman E-2-4:9.
14. "Resolution Passed by the Executive Session of
the Second International Congress, September
27, 1921, " memorandum, n.d.: Wellcome
SAIEUGIEII. "The International Eugenics
Commission, " Eugenical News Vol. VI (1921), p.
67. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Dr. Erwin
Baur, 30 March 1923: APS B:D27 Davenport &
Erwin Baur. See "Meeting of International
Commission at Lund - 1923" article, n.p., n.d.:
Truman C-4-6: 19.
15. "International Commission of Eugenics, 11
Eugenical News Vol. VII (1922) p. 117. "History
of the International Organisation of Eugenics,
"
pp. 5-6, 7.
16. "Personals, " Eugenical News Vol. VIII (1923), p.
94. Letter, John e. Merriam to Charles B.
Davenport, 20June 1923: CIWGenetics:
Eugenics Record Office Misc. 2 of2. "Minutes
of the Meetings of the International
Commission of Eugenics Held in the Rooms of
the Medical Faculty of the University of Lund:
Saturday,
September 1" and Monday,
September 3, d, 1923, " memorandum: Truman
C-2-l:2.
17. "History of the International Organisation of
Eugenics, " pp. 9, 12. "Report of Sub-
Committee on Ultimate Program to be
Developed by the Eugenics Society of the
United States of America,
" Eugenical News, Vol.
VIII (1923), p. 73. "Eugenics in India,
"
Eugenical News Vol. VII (1922), p. 2. "Eugenics
in Japan,
" Eugenical News Vol. VII (1922), p.
104.
18. "Meeting of International Commission at Lund
- 1923,
" n.p. n.d. article: Truman C-4-6:19.
Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Dr. Erwin
Baur, 30 March 1923: APS B:D27 - Davenport
& Erwin Baur. Letter, Leonard Darwin to
Herman Lundborg, 21 November 1925: APS
B:D27. Dr. Timothy Holian, "The German
Hyperinflation of 192 3: A Seventy-Fifth
Anniversary Retrospective, " at www.mwsc.edu.
"Resolution Passed by the Executive Session of
the Second International Eugenics Congress,
"
p.3.
19. "The International Commission of Eugenics,
"
minutes of 14July 1925 meeting: Truman C-2-
5:6. See "Eugenics in the University of Padua,
"
Eugenical News Vol. X (1925), p. 164. See
"Eugenical Sterilization in Denmark,
" Eugenical
News Vol. X (1925), p. 178. See "The
International Federation of Eugenic
Organizations,
" Eugenical News Vol. XI (1926),
p. 100. See "Immigration to Norway,
" Eugenical
News Vol. XI (1926), p. 139.
20. "The International Commission of Eugenics."
21. "Memorandum of the Objects of the
International Federation of the Eugenics
Organizations, " circa September 1928: APS
B:D27 - IFEO 1928 #2.
22. "Seventh Meeting of the International
Commission of Eugenics,
" Eugenical News Vol.
X (1925), p. 117. "International Federation of
Eugenic Organizations,
" Eugenical News Vol.
XII (1927), p. 153. "Memorandum of the
Objects of the International Federation of the
Eugenics Organizations."
23. Bent Sigurd Hansen, "Something Rotten in the
State of Denmark: Eugenics and the Ascent of
the Welfare State, " in Eugenics and the r#/fare
State, edited by Gunnar Broberg and Nils Roll-
Hansen (East Lansing, MI: Michigan State
University Press, 1996), pp. 44, 51. See Nils
Roll-Hansen, "Conclusion: Scandinavian
Eugenics in the International Context, " in
Broberg and Roll-Hansen, p. 268. See William
H. Schneider, "The Eugenics Movement in
France, 1890-1940,
" in The r#//born Science,
edited by Mark B. Adams (New York: Oxford
University Press, 1990), pp. 80-83. "Pan's
Plans,
" Eugenical News, Vol. IX (1924), p. 80.
24. "Belgium Society of Eugenics, " Eugenical News
Vol. V (1920), p. 63. "Revue D'Eugenique,
"
Eugenical News Vol. VI (1921), p. 43. "Societe
Beige D'Eugenique,
" Eugenical News Vol.V
(1920), p. 54.
25. "Revue D'Eugenique, " p. 43. "Societe Beige
D'Eugenique, " p. 54. "Belgium Society of
Eugenics, " p. 63. "Foreign Notes,
" Eugenical
News Vol. VI (1921), p. 72.
26. "Belgian Eugenics Society, " Eugenical
News,
Vol. VII (1922), p. 14. "Dr. Albert Govaerts of
Belgium,
" Eugenical News, Vol. VII (1922), p.
64. "The New Belgian Eugenics Office,
"
Eugenical News, Vol. VII (1922), p. 92.
"National Office of Eugenics in Belgium,
"
Eugenical News, Vol. VII (1922), p. 120. "The
Hereditary Factor in the Etiology of Tuberculosis,
"
Eugenical News, Vol. VIII (1923), p. 32.
27. "Prenuptial Examinations in Belgium,
Luxemburg and Germany,
" Eugenical News,
Vol. XII (1927), p. 114. "The New Belgian
Eugenics Office, " p. 92. Letter, Harry H.
Laughlin to Dr. Albert Govaerts, 18July 1923:
Truman C-4-6: 19. Letter, Harry H. Laughlin
to Charles B. Davenport, 22 November 1923:
Truman C-2-6:14. Lener, Harry H. Laughlin
to Charles B. Davenport, 26 November 1923:
Truman C-2-6:17.
28. Angus McLaren, Our Own Master Race: Eugenics
in Canada, 1885 -1945 (Toronto, Ontario:
McClelland & Stewart, Inc.), pp. 43, 47,
107,
181 f74. National Council of Women, 13th
Report (Toronto, Ontario: Johnstone, 1907), pp.
56, 58 as cited by McLaren, p. 38. R. W Bruce
Smith, "Mental Sanitation, " Canada Lancet, Vol.
41 (1907-1908), p. 976 as cited by McLaren, p.
42. F.McKevley Bell, "Social Maladies, " Queen's
Quarterly Vol. 16 (1908-09), p. 52 as cited by
McLaren, p. 52.
29. McLaren, pp. 42, 125, 159-160. See Brian L.
Ross, "An Unusual Defeat: The Manitoba
Controversy over Eugenical Sterilization in
1933, " unpublished paper, Institute for the
History and Philosophy of Science and
Technology, University of Toronto, 1981, as
cited by McLaren, p. 196 f8. "Eugenical
Sterilization in Canada,
" Eugenical News, Vol.
XIII (1928), p. 47. Timothy J. Christian, "The
Mentally III and Human Rights in Alberta,
"
unpublished University of Alberta paper, n.d.,
pp. 13-20, 25-29 as cited by McLaren p. 100.
30. Terry L. Chapman, "The Early Eugenics
Movement in Western Canada, " Alberta History
Vol. 25 (1977),
pp. 9-17 as cited by McLaren,
pp. 90-91. Statutes of the Province of British
Columbia, 1933, "An Act Respecting Sexual
Sterilization,
" ch. 59, 7 April 1933 as cited by
McLaren, p. 91. M. Stewart, "Some Aspects of
Eugenical Sterilization in British Columbia
with Special Reference to Patients Sterilized
from Essondale Provincial Hospital since
1935,
" Provincial Archives of British Columbia,
Provincial Secretary,
Mental Health Services,
GR 542, box 14, "Sterilization" as cited by
McLaren, p. 160.
31. See "Dr. A. Forel's Views, " Eugenical News, Vol.
XI (1926). Veronique Monier, "Narratives of
National Identity: Sexuality, Race, and the
Swiss 'Dream of Order, ''' paper presented at the
European Consortium for Political Research
Annual Joint Sessions, Workshop: The Political
Uses of Narrative, at Mannheim 26-31 March
1999, pp. II, 13. "The Julius Klaus Fund,
"
Eugenical News, Vol. VIII (1923), p. 36.
32. Mottier, p. 11. "The Julius Klaus Fund, " p. 36.
"Accessions to Archives of the Eugenics Record
Office, January, 1924,
" Eugenical News, Vol. IX
(1924), p. 19. "Julius Klaus-Stifrung,
" Eugenical
News, Vol. X (1925), pp. 139-140. "Meeting of
International Commission,
" Eugenical News,
Vol. VIII (1923), p. 116.
33. Mottier, pp. 14, 15, 16. "Dr. A. Forel's Views,
"
p. 134. "Sterilization in Switzerland, " Eugenical
News, Vol. XI (1926), p. 91. "New Sterilization
Statutes,
" Eugenical News, Vol XIV (1929), p.
63. Robert N. Proctor, Racial Hygiene: Medicine
Und", ' the Nazis (Cambridge, MA: Harvard
University Press, 1988), p. 97.
34. "Eugenics in Denmark, " Eugenical News, Vol.
VITI(1923), pp. 6. Hansen, pp. 9, 19. "Eugenics
in Denmark,
" Eugenical News, Vol. X (1925), p.
81, "Danish-Sterilization Law,
" Eugenical News,
Vol. XIV (1929), pp, 122-124. "Eugenical
Registration in Denmark,
" Eugenical News, Vol.
XV (1930), p. 100. Hilda van Hellmer Wullen,
"Eugenics in Other Lands, " Journal of Heredity
Vol. XXVIII NO.8 (August 1937), p. 274.
Letter, Cora Hodson to Soren Hansen, 28June
1928: APS B:D27.
35. "Eugenical Sterilization in Denmark, " Eugenical
News Vol. XXII (1927), p. 178. Letter, Harry H.
Laughlin to Harry Olson, 15November 1927:
Truman 0-2-2:16. "Danish-Sterlization Law,
"
p.I22.
36. Rockefeller Foundation, "University of
Copenhagen - Institute of Human Genetics,
"
June 1939 Appraisal, pp. 3, 5: RF RG 1.2 Ser
713 Box 2
Folder 15. Letter, Tage Kemp to the
Rockefeller Foundation, 17 November 1932:
RFRG 1.2 Ser713 Box 2 Folder 15.
37. "University of Copenhagen - Institute of
Human Genetics, " p. 1.
38. "Race Hygiene in Scandinavia, "
EugC11icalNews,
Vol. IV (1919), p. 88. Osborn, p. 1. See
"Photograph of Jon Alfred Mj"en in Library,
"
at www.amphilsoc.org. "Part 1:The American
Eugenics Society, Inc.: B. Early History and
Development, " Organized EugC11ics, January
1931, p. 3.
39. "Race Hygiene in Scandinavia, " Eugenical
News,
Vol. IV (1919), p. 88. "Der Nordske Race, "
Eugenical News, Vol. V (1920), p. 2. "Personal
Notes,
" Eugenical News, Vol. VII (1922), p. 113.
"Notes and News,
" Eugenical News, Vol. VIII
(1923), p. 88. "Eugenical Activities in the
Different Countries: V: Eugenics in Norway,
"
EugC11icIIINews, Vol. X(I925), pp. 55-57.
"lnunigration to Norway,
" Eugenical News, Vol.
XI (1926), p. 139. "American Lecture Tour of
Dr. Mjoen." Eugenical News, Vol. XII (1927),
p,
24, "Galton Society, " EugC11icalNews, Vol. XII
(1927), p. 54. "Dr. Mjoen's Lectures,
" Eugenical
News, Vol. XII (1927), pp. 139-140. See
"Photograph ofjon Alfred Mj"en and Leon
Whitney, " at www.amphilsoc.org. Klaus
Hansen, "The Norwegian Sterilization Law of
1934 and its Practical Results,
" Eugenical News,
Vol. XXI (1936), p. 129. ils Roll-Hansen,
"Norwegian Eugenics: Sterilization as Social
Reform, " in Broberg and Roll-Hansen,
pp. 176,
178,
40. "Race-Biology in Sweden, " Eugenical News, Vol.
VII (1922), p. 121. Letter, Charles B.
Davenport to Herman Lundborg, 2June 1923:
APS B:D27. Letter, Herman Lundborg to
Charles B. Davenport, 9 February 1926: APS
B:D27. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to
Herman Lundborg, I March 1926: APS B:D27.
Letter, Herman Lundborg to Charles B.
Davenport,
24 April 1926:APS B:D27. Letter,
Charles B. Davenport to Herman Lundborg, I
October 1928:APS B:D27. Gunnar Broberg
and Mattias Tyden, "Eugenics in Sweden:
Efficient Care, " in Broberg
and Roll-Hansen,
pp. 102-103, 109-110. Kungl. Maj:t, Lag om
steri/isering av vissa simzessjuka, sinness/fia eller
andm som lida av
17Ibbadsjdsv""ksamhet, Svensk
forfattningssamling no. 1934/171 [Sterilization
Act of 1934] (Stockholm: PA Norstedt &
Sonners forlag, 1934) as cited by Broberg and
Tyden, p, 103. Kungl. Maj:t, Lag omst", -ilim'ing,
Svensk forfattningssamling no. 1941/282
[Sterilization Act of 1941] (Stockholm: PA.
Norstedt & Sonners forlag, 1941), as cited by
Broberg and Tyden, p. 108. SV""iges Offentliga
Statistik: Allmdn hdlso- och sjukviird [Annual
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Central Bureau of Statistics] (Stockholm:
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Broberg and Tyden, pp. 108-109.
4 I. "Sterilization Law in Finland, " Eugenical
News,
Vol. XXIII (1938), p. 47. "Race-Hygiene in
Roumania,
" Eugenical News, Vol. XI (1926), p.
136. "The Italian Society of Genetics and
Eugenics,
" Eugenical News, Vol. X (1925), p. 13.
"Eugenical Activities in the Different
Countries,
" Eugenical News, Vol. X (1925), pp.
49-51. "Eugenical Efforts in Hungary,
"
Eugenical News, Vol. XVI (1931), pp. 172-173.
"Vienna Society of Eugenics,
" Eugenical News,
Vol. X (1925), p. 152. van Hellmer Wullen, p.
271. "International Congress of Genetics"
Rockefeller Foundation memorandum, 4 June
1931: RF RG 1.1 Ser 100 Box 40 Folder365.
"University of Copenhagen - Prof. Thomsen"
Rockefeller Foundation memorandum, 28
September 1934: RF RG l.l Ser 713 Box 2
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WeindJing, Health, Race and G"'71lO11Politics
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42. A Decade of Progress il1 Eugenics: Scientific Pape.-s
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(Baltimore: The Williams & Wilkins Company,
1934), p. i. See Paul Popenoe and Roswell Hill
Johnson, Applied Eugenics, rev. ed. (New York:
The MacMillan Company, 1935). See Charles
B. Davenport, H", 'edity in Relatiol1 to EugC11ics
(New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1911:
Reprint, New York:Arno Press & The New
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Popenoe, Sterilization for Human Beffe17ltent
(New York:The MacMillan Company, 1929).
See Harry H. Laughlin, Eugenical SteriliZiltion:
1926: Historical, Legal, and Statistical Review of
Eugenical Ste";liZlltion in the United States
(Lancaster, PA:Lancaster Press, 1926). See
Harry H. Laughlin, Immigration and Conquest
(New York:The Special Committee on
Immigration and aturalization of the
Chamber of Commerce of the State of ew
York, 1939). See "Forward,
" Eugenical News,
Vol. I (1916), p. I. "College Courses in
Genetics and Eugenics,
" Eugenical News vol. 1
(1916), PI'. 26-27.
43. D. V. Glass, "Population Policies and Their
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" Eugmical News, Vol. XXVII (1942),
p. 8. Schneider, PI'. 78, 79. "Actual Aspect of
the Problem of Eugenical Sterilization in
France,
" Eugmical News, Vol. XXI (1936), p.
105. Historical Sample of the etherlands,
"Sources- Population Registers, " at
www.iisg.nl. Nancy Leys Stepan, "The Hour of
Eugenics": Race, Gender, and Nation in Latin
Ame";ca (Ithaca,
NY: Cornell University Press,
1991), p. 126. von Hellmer Wullen, p. 274.
"Sterilization Law in Finland, " p. 47.
I. Bleecker Van Wagenen, Chairman, Preliminary
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the American B,
-eeder~ Association to Study and to
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p. 9. Arnold White,
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p. 36. Eden Paul,
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Arnold White, The Views of'Vanoc': A7l
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Me11tal Retm"datio7l, Vol. 31 NO.4 (August
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15. Harry H. Laughlin, secretary, Bulleti7l No. lOA:
The Report of the C01Jnnittee to Study a7ld to Rep01'
on the Best Pmcticall\1etms of Cutti7lg Off the
Defective Ge17IJ-Plasm in the American Populat/07l
(Cold Spring Harbor: Cold Spring Harbor,
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p. 74. Margaret Sanger, Tbe
Pivot of Civilization (New York:
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17. Proceedings of tbe Pi/'S! National Conte, ..nce on
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18. Paul Popenoe and Roswell Hill Johnson, Applied
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19. Eugenics Record Office, Official Record oftbe
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HarbO/; Long Island, New York by Mrs. E.H.
Han'i1/1on to the Canzegie Institution of
Wasbington and of its Acceptance by tbe Institution
(Cold Spring Harbor, ew York: Eugenics
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Eugenical Society, Inc.: B. Early History and
Development, " Organized Eugetlics, January
1931, pp. 3-4,
7. Madison Grant, Tbe Passing of
tbe GTeat Race (New York: Charles Scribner's
Sons, 1936), p. 49.
20. Martin S. Pernick, Tbe Black Stork: Eugenics and
the Death of "Defective " Babies in Amen'con
Medicine and Motion Pietz".es Since 1915 (New
York: Oxford University Press, 1996), pp. 3-4.
"Jury Clears, Yet Condemns Dr. Haiselden,
"
Tbe Cbicago Daily 7;-;bll11e, 20 November 1915.
21. "Jury Clears, Yet Condemns Dr. Haiselden."
22. "Jury Clears, YetCondemns Dr. Haiselden."
23. Pernick, pp. 9, 10. "Jury Clears, Yet Condemns
Dr. Haiselden." Cbicago Tribune, 20 December
1915, p. 7 as cited by Pemick, p. 41. Cbicago
American, 3 December 1915, p. 6 as cited by
Pernick, p. 41.
24. "Jury Clears, YetCondemns Dr. Haiselden."
25. Pernick, p. 5. "Jury Clears, Yet Condemns Dr.
Haiselden. "
26. "Jury Clears, Yet Condemns Dr. Haiselden."
27. "Jury Clears, Yet Condemns Dr. Haiselden."
New York Times, 18November 1915 as cited by
Pernick, pp. 7-8. New York Times, 24 December
1915 as cited by Pernick, pp. 7-8. Cbicago
Hemld, 23 December 1915, as cited by Pernick,
pp.7-8.
28. "Baby Dies; Physician Upheld, " Cbicago Daily
7;-;bwle, 18 November 1915 as cited by Pernick,
figure 3. "Was the Doctor Right' Some
Independent Opinions,
" Tbe Indepetlde11t, 3
January 1916.
29. Cbicago Tribune, 20 December 1915, p. 7 as
cited by Pernick, p. 41. Cbicago An", ';can, 3
December 1915, p. 6 as cited by Pemick, p. 41.
30. Pernick, pp. 4, 5, 87. Cbicago Herald, 24 July
1917, p. 14 as cited by Pernick, p. 87. New York
Times, 13 November 1917, p. 12 as cited by
Pernick, p. 87.
3I. "Was the Doctor Right'"
32. CbicagoAmericO/l, 23 ovember, 1915 through
30 December, 1915, as cited by Pernick, p. 4.
Cbicago Herald, 27 July, 1916 as cited by
Pemick, p. lO. Harry]. Haiselden, "Regarding
the Meter Baby of Chicago, " Medical Review of
Reviews, 23 (Oct 1917), p. 697 as quoted in
author's interview with Martin Pernick, 22
December 2002.
33. See Neal Black, Animal Healtl;: A CetlNayof
P"ogress, Chapter 4. See BBC, "Cattle TB
Threatens Farmers, " 27 June 2002.
34. State of Illinois Board of Administration,
Volume II: Bietlnial RepO/ts of tbe State Cbaritable
b, stiNltiOllS: Oetober 1,
1914 to September 30,
1916 (State of Illinois, 1917), p. 695.
"Superintendent Leonard's Report to Board of
Administration,
" b, stit:tltion QuO/terly Vol. 7
(1916), pp.117-1l8.
35. Elks, p. 201. "Regarding the Meter Baby of
Chicago, " and Cbicago Examiner,
25 July 1917,
p. 6 as quoted in author's interview with Martin
Pernick, 22 December 2002.
36. "The Report ofJudge Scully's Committee of
Three Woman,
" Illstiwtion Quarterly, Vol. 7
(1916), p. 113. "Superintendent Leonard's
Report to Board of Administration, " p. 117.
37. Bienllial Repo11Sof tbe State Cbm';table
blstitlltions: Oetober 1, 1914 to Septe1llb",
' 30,
1916, pp. 678, 682, 686. Patrick Almond Curtis,
"Eugenic Reformers, Cultural Perceptions of
Dependent Populations, and the Care of the
Feebleminded in Illinois: 1909-1920, " (ph. D.
diss., University ofIlIinois at Chicago, 1983), p.
89. See Paul Popenoe and Roswell Hill
Johnson, Applied Ellgenics rev. ed. (New York:
Macmillan, 1935), pp. 90, 92-93,
94. Eugenics,
Gelletics and tbe Family: Volume I: Sciemific Papen
of tbe Secolld Illtenzational Congress, (Baltimore:
Williams & Wilkins Co., 1923), pp.178-181.
"Dr. Albert Govaerts of Belgium,
" Ellgeni({ll
News, Vol. VII (1922), p. 64.
38. Charles B. Davenport, Heredity III Relation To
Ellgenics
(New York: Henry Holt & Company,
1911; reprint, Tew York: Arno
Press Inc.,
1972), pp. 164-165. Popenoe and Johnson,
1918 as cited by Elks, p. 205.
39. Charles Henderson, "The Relation of
Philanthropy to Social Order and Progress,
"
National Conf", ·etlce ofCbm';ties and CO/netions:
Proceedings of tbe Twenty-Sixtb Annual Session
(Cincinnati: May, 1899),
p. 4 as cited by Curtis,
pp. 53, 55. "Propagation of the Unfit,
"
InstiNltiOll QU01'terly, 1 (May 1910), p. 35 as cited
by Curtis, pp. 68-69.
40. Charles B. Davenport, "Presidential Address,
"
A Decade ofPmgress in Eugenics: Scientific Papen
of tbe Tbi, ·d b'tC17IOtiollalCongress of Eugenics
(Baltimore: The Williams & Wilkins Company,
1934), p. 21.
41. CbicagoAm""icO/l, 24 November 1915, p. 2 as
cited by Pernick, p. 84.
42. Illinois Department of Human Services, A B"ief
Histo/Y of tbe Lillcoln Developm""tal CetlW·, p. I.
Biennial Reports of the State Charitahle
Institutio1lS: Octob,
, ' I, 19/4 to September 30,
1916, pp. 679, 681, 686. Also see K. Charlie
Lakin, "Demographic Srudies of Residential
Facilities for the Mentally Retarded: A
Historical Review of Methodologies &
Findings, " University of Minnesota
Deparnnent of Psychoeducational Srudies.
43. Harrison L. Harley, "Observations on the
Operation of the Illinois Commitment Law for
the Feeble-Minded, " Institution Quartedy Vol. 8
(1917), p. 97.
44. Biennial Repo1"tSof the State Charitable
1nstitutions: October I,
1914 to September 30,
1916, pp. 682, 686, 687. See Harley, p. 97.
45. Biennial RepOl"tsofthe State Charitable
Institutio1lS: Octob"'l,
1914 to September 30,
1916, pp. 677, 678, 679, 683. Martin W.
Barr,
Mental Defectives: Theil' History, TI'eatmC1ltand
TI'aining (Philadelphia: P. Blakiston's Son &
Co., 1904 reprint New York:Arno Press,
1973),
pp. 195-196. "The Municipal Psychopathic
Clinic,
" Eugenical News, Vol. I (1916), p. 55.
Harry H. Laughlin, Eugenical St"'ilization in the
United States (Chicago: Psychopathic
Laboratory of the Municipal Court of Chicago,
1922), p. i. "Tenth Annual Business Meeting of
the Eugenics Research Association, Cold
Spring Harbor, June 10, 1922,
" Eugenical News,
Vol. VII (1922), p. 91. Tredgold, 2d ed., p. 455
as cited by Elks, p. 203.
46. Curtis, pp. 78, 80-81, 148.
47. Testimony of Dr. David Braddock, Boudreau v.
Ryan, Northern District of Illinois 00 C 5392
(2001). See K. Charlie Lakin, "Demographic
Srudies of Residential Facilities for the
Mentally Retarded, " Developmental Disabilities
P"oject on Residential Sen;ices and Community
Adjustment PrlJjectReport NO.3 (University of
Minnestoa Department of Psycho educational
Srudies), circa 1979, pp. 88, 89.
48. Pernick, pp. 144, 151. The Black StOl'k, dir.
Leopold and Theodore Wharton, 1917 as cited
by Pernick, Figures II, 16, 17, 22.
49. Advertisement, "The Black Stork, " Chicago
Herald, I April 1917, p. 7 as cited by Pernick,
Figure 7. Advertisement, "The Black Stork, "
Motography, 14 April 1917, p. 2 as cited by
Pernick, Figure 5. Exhibitor's Trade Review, 14
February 1917, p. 850 as cited by Pernick, p. 88.
50. Pernick, pp. 157-158.
51. War Department, "General Orders, No. 62."
Nevada State Library and Archives, "An
Outline of Capital Punishment in Nevada, " at
dmla.c1an.lib.nv.us. Florida Corrections
Commission, "Execution Methods Used by
States: Executions in the U.S. - A Brief
History, " at www.fcc.state.fl.us. Popenoe and
Johnson 1918, p. 184. Popenoe
and Johnson,
rev. ed., p. 135. Davenport, p. 63.
52. Carnegie Instirution of Washington,
AmlOuncemC1lt of Station for Exp"'imC1ltal
Evolution (Washington: Carnegie Instirution of
Washington, 1905), pp. 2-3: CSH: CIW
Administrative Files: Dept. of Genetics-
Biological Laboratory Plans for Unified
Operation. RAC 1.11717/10/64 as cited by Paul
]. Weindling, "From Philanthropy to
International Science Policy: Rockefeller
Funding of Biomedical Sciences in Germany
1920-1940, " in Nicolass A. Rupke,
ed., Scimce,
Politics and the Public Good: Essays in Honor of
Mm-ga7"CtGowing (New York: Macmillan Press,
1988), p. 132. RAC 1.11717120/187 as cited by
Weindling, p. 132.
53. "A Biological Court: Treating the Cause,
"
Eugenical News Vol. IX (1924), p. 92.
54. See WIlliam L. Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the
Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany (New
York: Simon and Schuster, 1960), pp. 29-31.
See Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf, trans. Ralph
Manheim, (Boston: Houghton Mifflin
Company, 1943), pp. 394-397, 400-405. Paul]'
Weindling, Health, Race and Gennan Politics
Between National Unification and Nazisln, 1870-
1945 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
1989), pp. 308-310.
55. ElofAxel Carlson, The Unfit: A History of a Bad
idea (Cold Spring Harbor, : Cold Spring
Harbor Laboratory Press, 2001), p. 323. Benno
Miiller-Hill, Murd"'oltS Science,
G. R. Fraser,
trans. (Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring
Harbor Laboratory Press: 1998), p. 121. Erwin
Baur, Eugen Fischer, Fritz Lenz, Human
Heredity, trans. Eden and Cedar Paul (New
York: The Macmillan Company, 1931),
pp. 442,
590, 593, 594.
56. Autobiography of Leon F Whitney, unpublished
manuscript circa 1973, p. 205: APS Manuscript
Collection.
58. Whitney, p. 204, 205.
1. Gustav Boeters, "Die Unfruchtbannachung der
geistig Minderwertigen,
" Zwickal"" Tageblatt
Sonderabdruck (Special Edition), n.d.:
Bundesarchiv Berlin,
R86, Akte 2374, Blatt 5.
Gustav Boeters, "Die Unfruchtbarmachung der
geistig Minderwertigen,
" Wissmschaftliche
Beilage d, , ' Leipzig'" Leh"erzeitlmg, Nr. 28
(August 1924): Bundesarchiv Berlin,
R86, Akte
2374, Blatt. 214. Robert N. Proctor, Racial
Hygime: Medicine Und,
, ' the Nazis (Cambridge,
MA: Harvard University Press, 1988),
pp. 98,
360. Paul]' Weindling, Health, Race and
Gennan Politics Between Natiollal Unification and
Nazism, 1870-1945 (Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1989), pp. 389-393, 450,
471,
526.
3. vVeindling, pp. 75, 76. Fritz Lenz, "Eugenics in
Germany, " Paul Popenoe, trans., JoI/17Ial of Hendity
Vol.XV No. 5 (May, 1924), pp. 223, 224.
4. "The Richardson Lethal Chamber (patented)
for the Painless Extinction of Lower Animal
Life, " undated pamphlet: UCD Special
Collections. Weindling, pp. 69, 77,
123. Lenz,
p. 223. Proctor, p. 15.
5. Proctor, pp. 14-16. Letter, Alfred Ploetz to G.
Hauptmann, 2 April 1897 as cited by
Weindling, p. 127. Letter, Alfred Ploetz to G.
Hauptmann, II May 1901 as cited by
Weindling, p. 128. Letter, Alfred Ploetz to
Ernst Riidin as cited by Weindling, p. 128.
Weindling, p. 129.
6. Proctor, pp. 17, 20-21. Weindling, pp. 141-
142, Lenz, p. 225. "Eugenicists in Germany in
1946,
" EI/genical Nws Vol. XXXI (1946), p. 2I.
7. Weindling, p. 394. ElofAxel Carlson, The
Unfit: A Histmy of a Bad Idea (Cold Spring
Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Press, 2001), pp. 323-324. RobertJay Lifton,
The Nazi Doctors: Medical Killing and the
PsychologyofGmocide
(New York: Basic Books,
1986), p. 46.
8. Carnegie Institution of\.Vashington,
Announcement a/Station for Experimental
Evoll/tion (Washington: Carnegie Institution of
Washington, 1905), p. 4: CSH: CIW
Administrative Files: Dept. of Genetics-
Biological Laboratory Plans for Unified
Operation. Letter, Dr. H. ntis to Charles B.
Davenport, II October, 1907:APS B:D27.
Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Eugen
Fischer,
15 August 1908:APS B:D27 Fischer. Letter,
Charles B. Davenport to Eugen Fischer, 9
November 1908: APS B:D27. Letter, Charles
B. Davenport to Eugen Fischer, 12January
1909: APS
B:D27 Fischer. Letter, Eugen
Fischer to Charles B. Davenport, 22 December
1908: APS B:D27.
9. A1171OU11Ce'lltent of Station for Experimental
Evoll/tion, p. 4. Davenport to Fischer, 15 August
1908. Weindling, pp. 143, 237. Benno Miiller-
Hill, Murderous Science, G. R. Fraser, trans.
(Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor
Laboratory Press: 1998), pp. 123, 228 f. 167. See
Charles B. Davenport,
Race Crossing In Jamaica,
(Washington: Carnegie Institute of
Washington,
1929). See State Laws Limiting Marriage
Selection, Eugenics Record Office (Cold Spring
Harbor: Cold Spring Harbor, 1913), pp. 31-36.
See Charles B. Davenport, "Heredity and Race
Eugenics, " p. 10:APS: B-D27.
10. Lady Georgina Chambers, "Notes on the Early
Days of the 'Eugenics Education Society, '" p.
11: Wellcome SAIEUG/B-li.
II. Weindling, pp. 141-147.
12. Weindling, pp.145, 151.
13. Lenz, pp. 225-226. Weindling, pp. 152-153.
14.The Eugenics Education Society,
"Programme,
" P"oblems in Eugmics Vol. II:
Report of Proceedings of the Fi'TI lmernational
Eugmical
Congress (Kingsway, Wc.: Eugenics
Education Society, 1913), pp. 2, 3. "History of
the International Organisation of Eugenics,
"
memorandum circa November 1923, pp. 1-12:
Truman C-2-1:2. Weindling, pp. 152-153.
IS. See G"za von Hoffmann, Die Rassenhygime in
dm Veninigterl Staaten von NonMmerika
(Munich: J-F. Lehmanns Verlag, 1913).
16.Von Hoffinann, p. 14. Lenz, p. 226.
17. Letter, G"za von Hoffmann to Harry H.
Laughlin, 27 December 1913: Truman D-5-4:7.
Letter, G"za von Hoffmann to Harry H.
Laughlin: 26 May 1914: Truman D-5-4:7
18. Letter, Hoffmann to Laughlin, 27 December
1913. Letter, Hoffmann to Laughlin, 26 May
1914.
19. "German Progress in Genetics, " JOl/17Ialof
Heredity Vol. VNo. 6 (June 1914), p. 243. Dr.
von Stradonitz, "Bismarck's Heredity, " Journal
of Heredity Vol. VNo. 6 (June 1914), p. 254.
Alfred Ploetz, "The First and Last Child,
"
JOl/17Ialof Heredity Vol.V NO.6 (June 1914), p.
268. "International Genetics Conference,
"
Journal of Heredity Vol. VNo. 7 (July 1914), p.
300. C. Fruwirth, "New Publications:
Handbuch der Iandwirtschaftlichen
Pflanzenziichtung,
" JOl/17Ialof Her'edity Vol.V
NO.7 (July 1914), p. 304. Eugen
Fischer,
"Racial Hybridization, " JOll17lalof Heredity Vol.
V TO.10 (October 1914), pp. 465-467.
20. KCETlLos Angeles, The British Broadcasting
Corporation, and The Imperial War Museum
of London, "Interactive Timeline, " The G"eIlt
War'and the Shaping of the 20th Cent1l1Yat
www.pbs.org. Lenz, p. 226. Weindling, p. 314.
See Madison Grant, The Passing of the Gr'eat
Race (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1936).
See letter, Erwin Baur
to Charles B. Davenport,
24 November 1920: APS B:D27 - Davenport &
Baur. See Deborah E. Lipstadt, Beyond Belief
(New York: The Free Press, 1986), pp. 8-9.
21. "Babies- More, Fewer or None, " Eugenical
News, Vol. II (19l 7), p. 3I.
22. "Interactive Timeline, " The Gnat I-Va, .and the
Shaping of the 20th Cent1l1Y.William L. Shirer,
The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of
Nazi Gem, any
(New York: Simon and Schuster,
1960), pp. 52-57.
23. Harry H. Laughlin, "National Eugenics in
Germany, " Eugenics Review,
January 1921,
reprinted in Hany Laughlin Reprims
(Washington, DC: Carnegie Institute of
Washington, n.d.). "Eugenical Research
Association, " Eugenical News, Vol. V (1920), p.
44. "Eugenics Research Association - Eighth
Annual Meeting,
" Eugenical News, Vol. V
(1920), p. 52. "National Eugenics in Germany,
"
Eugenical News, Vol. V (1920), pp. 55-56.
24. Letter, Baur to Davenport, 24 ovember 1920.
Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Erwin Baur, 16
December 1920: APS B:D27 - Baur, Erwin.
"Notes and News,
" Eugenical News, Vol. VI
(1921), p. 8. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to
Eugen Fischer, 20 May 1921: APS B:D27 -
Fischer. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Agnes
Bluhm, 30 August 1921:APS B:D27 - Bluhm,
Agnes.
25. Shirer, p. 51. U.S. Holocaust Museum, "Blacks
During the Holocaust, " at www.ushmln.org.
Adolf Hider, Mein Kampf, trans. Ralph
Manheim, (Boston: Houghton Mifflin
Company, 1943), Volume I, Chapter XI, p. 325.
26. Baur to Davenport, 24 November 1920. Letter,
Charles B. Davenport to Erwin Baur, 30 March
1923: APS B:D27 - Baur, Erwin. "Hygiene
Congress Abandoned,
" Eugenical News Vol. VI
(1921), p.32.
27. Baur to Davenport, 24 November 1920. Letter,
Charles B. Davenport to Herman Lundborg, 24
October 1921: APS B:D27. "Minutes of the
Meetings of the International Commission of
Eugenics, " memorandum circa 1923: Truman
C-2-1:2. Davenport to Bluhm, 30 August 1921.
See letter, Agnes Bluhm to Charles B.
Davenport, 17 October 192!: APS RD27 -
Bluhm, Agnes. See letter, Agnes Bluhm to
Charles B. Davenport, 24 November 1921: APS
B:D27 - Bluhm, Agnes. See letter, Richard
Crane to Charles Evans Hughes, 7 September
1921: A 59/250/22/10/3/5459. See letter,
Alvey A. Adee to C. C. Little, 21 September
1921: NA 59/250/22/10/3/5459. See letter,
American Minister in 'icaragua to Charles
Evans Hughes, 13June 192!: NA
591250/22/10/3/5459. See letter, Benjamin
Jefferson to Don Mariano Zelaya B., 12 April
1921: NA 59/250/22/10/3/5459. See letter,
Mariano Zalaya B. to Benjamin Jefferon, 15
April 1921:NA 59/250/22/10/3/5459. See letter,
C. C. Little to the Envoy Extraordinary &
Minister Plenipotentiary of the United State of
America, 17 March 1921:NA
59/250/22/10/3/5459. Letter, Charles Hartman
to Sr. Dr. On. N. Clemente Ponce, 7June 1921:
NA 59/250/22/10/3/5459. Letter, Walker
Smith to Charles Evans Hughes, 29 June 192I:
NA 59/250/22/10/3/5459.
28. Shirer, p. 61. French Diplomatic Archives,
"Chronology: 1918-1939: Inter-War Period,
"
at www.france.diplomatie.fr. Missouri Western
College, "The German Hyperinflation of 1923:
A Seventy-Fifth Anniversary Retrospective, " at
wW\v.mwsc.edu.
29. Davenport to Baur, 30 March 1923. Letter,
Charles B. Davenport to Cora Hodson, 17
December 1925: APS B:D27 - Davenport:
International Federation of Eugenic Orgs. See
letter, Cora Hodson
to Charles B. Davenport,
26 'ovember 1925: APS B:D27 - Davenport:
international Federation of Eugenic Orgs. See
letter, Cora Hodson
to Charles B. Davenport,
30 December 1925: APS B:D27 - Davenport:
International Federation of Eugenic Orgs. See
letter, Charles B. Davenport to Herman
Lundborg, 21 'ovember 1925: APS B:D27 -
Davenport: International Federation of
Eugenic Orgs. See letter, Herman Lundborg to
Leonard Darwin, 8 December 1925:APS
B:D27 - Davenport: International Federation of
Eugenic Orgs. See letter, Charles B. Davenport
to Cora Hodson, 22 January 1926: APS B:D27 -
Davenport: International Federation of
Eugenic Orgs. See letter, Charles B. Davenport
to Herman Lundborg, 21 November 1925: APS
B:D27 - Davenport: International Federation of
Eugenic Orgs.
30. Davenport to Baur, 30 March 1923.
31. Letter, Fritz Lenz to Charles Davenport, 8
August 1923: APS B:D27 - Lenz, F
32. Adam Smith [George].W. Goodman] Paper
Money (New York: Summit Books, 1981), pp.
57-62. Robert L. Hetzel, "German Monetary
History in the First Half of the 1\ventieth
Century, " Economic Quartedy Vol. 88/1 (\Mnter
2002).
33. Shirer, pp. 68-79. Ian Kershaw, Hid., , : 1889-
1936: Hubris (New York:W W. orton &
Company, 1998), p. 240. Muller-Hill, p. 121.
34. Shirer, p. 84. Hider, Volume I, Chapter XI, pp.
302-327. Hider, Volume II, Chapter XI\~ pp.
654-655.
35. Lifton, p. 31. See Annette Horn, review of
Aenne Baeumer-Schleinkofer, Nazi Biology and
Scbools, at web.uct.ac.za. See University of
California, Berkeley Campus, "Biography of
Ernst Haeckel (1934-1919), " at
www.ucmp.berkeley.edu.
36. Kershaw, pp. 240, 241-242. ElofAxel Carlson,
Tbe Unfit: A Hist01Y of a Bad ldea (Cold Spring
Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Press, 2001), p. 323. Muller-Hill, pp. 8, 120.
Weindling, pp. 330, 397.
37. Letter, Erwin Baur to Charles B. Davenport, 24
November 1920: APS B:D27 - Davenport &
Baur.
38. Baur to Davenport, 24 November 1920.
39. Baur to Davenport, 24 November 1920.
40. Baur to Davenport, 24 November 1920. See
Harvard University, "Blakeslee,
Albert Francis,
1874-1954. Papers of Albert F. Blakeslee, 1912-
1960:A Guide" at oasis.Harvard.edu.
41. Davenport to Baur, 30 March 1923.
42. Lifton, p. 23. Lenz to Davenport, 8 August
1923.
43. Lenz to Davenport, 8 August 1923.
44. Fritz Lenz, Menschichle AllSlese und
Rassenhygiene, vol. II of Erwin Baur, Eugen
Fischer,
and Fritz Lenz, Gnmdriss dennenschlichen
Erblichkeitslehre und Rossenhygiene
(Munich: J. F. Lehmanns Verlag, 1923), p. 147
as cited by Lifton, p. 23.
45. See APS B:D27 - Fisher # 1. See APS B:D27 -
Fisher #2. See APS B:D27 - Fisher #3. See APS
B:D27 - Fisher #4. See APS B:D27 - Fisher #5.
See APS B:D27 - Fisher #6.
46. Erwin Baur, Eugen Fischer, and Fritz Lenz,
Menschliche E"blichkeitsleh"e, vol 1.of Baur,
Fischer, and Lenz, pp. 299-305. Lenz, Menschliche
AllSlese und Rassenhygiene, pp. 233-237.
47. Erwin Baur, Eugen Fischer and Fritz Lenz,
Human Heredity, 3, dEd., trans. Eden & Cedar
Paul (New York:The
MacMillan Company,
1931), pp. 202, 204-206, 208, 311, 390 f. 2, 429
f. 2, 429 f. 3, 628-629, 638, 666-671, 680-681.
Lenz, Menschliche AllSlese und Rassenhygiene, p.
126.
48. Davenport to Baur, 30 March 1923. "Human
Genetics and Eugenics,
" Eugenical News, Vol.
VIII (1923), p. 47. "Human Selection,
"
Eugenical News, Vol. VIII (1923), pp. 96-97.
"Heredity and Eugenics: A Review, " The
Jou171al of He, ..dity, Vol. XIv; NO.7 (October
1923), p. 336. "Human Genetics and Eugenics,
"
Eugenical News, Vol. VIII (1923), p. 47.
"Human Selection,
" Eugenical News, Vol. VIII
(1923), pp. 96-97. "A Compendium of Eugenics,
"
Eugenical News, Vol. VII (1922), p. 97.
49. Proctor, pp. 26-27, 203, 344 f. 57, 344 f3 59.
Weindling,
p. 314. See Madison Grant, Der
Unt"gang der grossen Rasse: Die Rossen als
Gl1l11dlageder Geschichte Europas (Berlin: J. F.
Lehmanns Verlag, 1925). See Von Hoffmann.
50. Weindling, p. 311. Carlson, pp. 323. Muller-
Hill,
p. 121. Gary D. Stark, E, l/l'epnmeursof
Ideolo[f;Y(Chapel Hill, NC: The University of
North Carolina Press, 1981), pp. 170, 279.
51. Hitler, Volume I, Chapter X., p. 255.
52. Hitler, Volume II, Chapter II, pp. 403-404.
53. Hitler, Volume II, Chapter II, p. 402. Hitler,
Volume II, Chapter II, pp. 404-405.
54. Hitler, Volume I, Chapter XI, p. 285.
56. Hitler, Volume II, Chapter II, pp. 388-389, 390.
58. Hitler, Volume I, Chapter XI, p. 286.
59. Hitler, Volume II, Chapter III, pp. 439-440.
60. Hitler, Volume I, Chapter II, p. 29. Hitler,
Volume II, Chapter III, pp. 439-440. Hitler,
Volume I, Chapter XI, p. 286.
61. Otto Wagener, Hitl, , ': Me1llOirsof a
Confidant,
trans. Henry Ashby Turner (YaleUniversity
Press, 1987), pp. 145-146.
62. Richard Breiting, Secret Conversations with
Hitl,
, ; edit. Edouard Calic, trans. Richard
Barry, (New York: The
John Day Company,
1968), p. 81.
63. Norman Cameron and R.H. Stevens, trans.
Hitler's Table Talk: 1941-1944: His Private
Conversations,
(New York City: Enigma Books,
2000), pp. 670, 675.
64. Lifton, pp. 46-48. Hitler, Volume II Chapter
xv, p. 679.
65. Shirer, pp. 3-5, 170-184. "Delegates Urge
\„ider Practice of Sterilization, " Richmond
Times-Dispauh, 16January 1934.
66. Autobiogmphy of Leon F. Whitney, unpublished
manuscript circa 1973, p. 205: APS Manuscript
Collection.
67. See APS B:D27 - Davenport - Ernst Rudin. See
APS B:D27 - Davenport - Baur, Erwin. See
APS B:D27 - Fisher # 1. See APS B:D27 -
Fisher #2. SeeAPS B:D27 - Fisher #3. SeeAPS
B:D27 - Fisher #4. See APS B:D27 - Fisher #5.
See APS B:D27 - Fisher #6. See
Universitatsarchiv Munster- Nachlass
Verschuer, Nr. 4.
68. Zentralarchiv der Deutschen Demokratischen
Republik, Potsdam: Reichsinnenministerium
l0160, Film 23063 as cited by Muller-Hill, p.
34. See Proctor, p. 106. Stephen Trombley, The
Right to Reproduce: A History of Coercive
St,
, -ilization (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson,
1988), p. 117.
69. Human Betterment Foundation, "Report to the
Board of Directors of the Human Betterment
Foundation for the Year Ending February 12,
1936.": BaileylHowe Library: Perkins Papers.
I. See" otes on the Second Conference, " n.p.,
27 September 1929: APS B:D27 - Davenport-
Gini, Corrado #2. See "The Meeting of the
International Federation of Eugenic
Organizations,
" Eugenical News, Vol. XIV
(1929), pp. 153-157.
2. "Notes on the Second Conference."
3. "Notes on the Second Conference." "The
Meeting of the International Federation of
Eugenic Organizations, " pp. 154, 156.
4. "Notes on the Second Conference." "The
Meeting of the International Federation of
Eugenic Organizations, " p. 156.
5. The Meeting of the International Federation of
Eugenic Organizations, " p. 155.
6. "Notes on the Second Conference." "The
Meeting of the International Federation of
Eugenic Organizations, " pp. 156, 157.
7. See Eugenical News, Vol. VIII (1923).
8. "Eugenical Notes, " Eugenical News Vol. VIII
(1923), p. 22. "ArchivFur Rassen Und
Gesellschafts-Biologie,
" Eugenical News Vol. IX
(1924), p. 51." otesand News, " Eugenical
News Vol. IX (1924), p. 64. "Archiv Fuer
Rassen- U. Gesellschafts-Biologie,
" Eugenical
News Vol. X (1925), p. 31. "Arclllv Fuer Rassen-
U. Gesellschafts-Biologie,
" Eugenical News Vol.
X (1925), p. 88. "Arclllv Fuer Rassen- Und
Gesellschafts- Biologie,
" Eugenical NtrdJSVol. X
(1925), p. 152. "Archiv Fuer Rassen- U.
Gesellschafts-Biologie,
" Eugenical NtrdJSVol. XI
(1926), p. 9. "Archiv Fuer Rassen- U.
Gesellschafts-Biologie,
" Eugenical News Vol. XI
(1926), p. 41. "Archiv Fuer Rassen- U.
Gesellschafts-Biologie,
" Eugenical News Vol. XI
(1926), p. 92. "Archiv Fuer Rassen- U.
Gesellschafts-Biologie,
" Eugenical News Vol. XI
(1926), p. 134. "Archiv Fuer Rassen- V.
Gesellschafts-Biologie,
" Eugenical News Vol.
XII (1927), p. 31. "Current Periodicals,
"
Eugenical News Vol. XII (1927), p. 64. "Archiv
Fuer Rassen- U. Gesellschafts-Biologie,
"
Eugenical News Vol. XII (1927), p. 91. "Archiv
Fuer Rassen- U. Gesellschafts-Biologie,
"
Eugenical News Vol. XII (1927), p. 180. "Archiv
Fuer Rassen- U. Gesellschafts-Biologie,
"
Eugenical News Vol. XIII (1928), p. 32. "Current
Periodicals,
" Eugenical News Vol. XIII (1928), p.
72. "Current Periodicals,
" Eugenical News Vol.
XIII (1928), p. 104. "Current Periodicals,
"
Eugenical News Vol. XIII (1928), p. 162.
"Current Periodicals,
" Eugenical News Vol. XIV
(1929), p. 32. "Current Periodicals,
" Eugenical
News Vol. XIV (1929), p. 48. "Archiv Fuer
Rassen- Und Gesellschafts-Biologie,
" Eugmical
News Vol. XIV (1929), p. 88. "Archiv Fuer
Rassen- Und Gesellschafts-Biologie,
" Eugenical
News Vol. XIV (1929), p. 126. "Archiv Fur
Rassen- Und Gesellschafts-Biologie,
" Eugenical
NtrdJSVol.XV (1930), p. 16. "Archiv Fur
Rassen- Und Gesellschafts-Biologie,
" Eugenical
News Vol. XV (1930), p. 88. "Arclllv Fur
Rassen-u. Gesellschafts-Biologie,
" Eugenical
News Vol.XV (1930), p. 132. "Archiv FUr
Rassen- Und Gesellschafts-Biologie,
" Eugenical
News Vol. XVI (1931), p. 184. "Archiv Fur
Rassen- Und Gesellschafts-Biologie,
" Eugenical
News Vol. XVII (1932), p. 30.
9. Fritz Lenz, "Eugenics in Germany, " trans. Paul
Popenoe, JouY7lal of Heredity Vol.XV No.5
(May, 1924), pp. 223-231. "Race Hygiene,
"
Eugenical News, Vol. IX (1924), p. 86.
10. "Berlin (From Our Regular Correspondent),
"
Jou17lal of the Amf1-ican Medical Association, Vol.
82, No. 21 (May 1924), pp. 1709, 1710.
II. "Are the Gifted Families in America
Maintaining Themselves?" Eugenical News Vol.
XI (1926), pp. 2-4.
12. "Anthropology Iconography, " Eugenical News
Vol. XI (1926), p. 144. Paul). Weindling,
Health, Race and Gf17nan Politics BerdJff11
National Unification and Nazisln, 1870-1945
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
1989), pp. 310- 311.
13. "Current Periodicals, " Eugenical News Vol. XII
(1927), p. 64.
14. "Races of Central Europe, " Eugmical NtrdJSVol.
IX (1924), p. 34. "Archiv Fuer Rassen- Und
Gesellschafts-Biologie,
" Eugmical News Vol. X
(1925), p. 152. "Archiv F. Rassen-v.
Gesellschafts-Biologie,
" Eugenical News Vol.
XII (1927), p. 180." oses and Ears, " Eugf1lical
News Vol. XIV (1929), p. 55.
15. Nobel Museum, "The Foundation of the Kaiser
Wilhelm Institute for Medical Research, " at
www.nobel.se. Nobel Museum, "The obel
Prize in Chemistry 1918" at www.nobel.se.
Nobel Museum, "The Nobel Prize in
Chemistry 1936" at www.nobel.se. obel
Musewn, "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1918" at
www.nobel.se. Nobel Museum, "The Nobel
Prize in Physics 1921" at www.nobel.se.
Memorandum, Charles B. Davenport to Cora
Hodson, 27 October 1928: APS B:D27 - IFEO
1928 #2.
16. Matthias M. Weber, "Psychiatric Research and
Science Policy in Germany. The History of the
Deutsche Forschungsanstalt rur Psychiatrie
(German Institute for Psychiatric Research) in
Munich from 1917 to 1945, " Hist01yof
Psychiatly xi (2000), p. 239. See Paul).
Weindling, "From Philanthropy to
International Science Policy: Rockefeller
Funding of Biomedical Sciences in Germany
1920-1940, " in Nicolaas A. Rupke,
ed., Scimce,
Politics and the Public Good: Essays ill Hon01-of
M01-garet Guwing
(New York: Macmillan Press,
1988), p. 131.
17.Angus Rae, "Osler Vindicated: The Ghost of
Flexner Laid to Rest, " Canadian Medical
AssociationJou17lai 164 (13) 26)une 2001, p.
1860. Weindling, "From Philanthropy to
International Science Policy: Rockefeller
Funding of Biomedical Sciences in Germany
1920-1940, " p. 121. See Flexner, Abraham
lWedical Education in Em-ope: A Rep01<to the
Ca17legie Foundation (1912). See Nancy
Rockefeller, "The Flexner Report in Context,
"
at www.library.ucsf.edu.
18. See Abraham Flexner, P, -ostitution in Europe
(New York:The Century Company, 1914).
Weindling, "From Philanthropy to
International Science Policy: Rockefeller
Funding of Biomedical Sciences in Germany
1920-1940, " pp. 121, 123. Kristie Macrakis,
Surviving tbe Swastika: Scientific Research ill Nazi
Gem, any (New York:Oxford
University Press,
1993), pp. 18-22. Paul). Weindling, Health, Race
and Ge1'7J10n Politics Between National Unification
and Nazism, 1870-1945 (Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1989), pp. 324-325.
19. Weindling, "From Philanthropy to
International Science Policy, " pp. 123,
124-125,
127, 128. Weind1ing, Health, Race and Gem/an
Politics Between National Unification and Nazism,
1870-1945, p. 335.
20. Rockefeller Archives, "History, " Vol. 15, p.
3794 as cited by Weindling, "From
Philanthropy to International Science Policy,
"
pp. 124-125, 127.
21. Weindling, "From Philanthropy to
International Science Policy, " pp. 126-127.
Letter, Fritz Haber to Friedrich Schmidt-Ott, 6
March 1923: BAE R 73, Akte 217 (Notgemeinschaft
der deutschen Wissenschaft - now:
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft). Letter
from E. Uhlenbruch to Friedrich Schmidt-Ott,
22 March 1923: BAE R 73, Akte 217
(Notgemeinschaft der deutschen Wissenschaftnow:
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft).
22. "VII. Bericht liber die Deutsche
Forschungsanstalt fur Psychiatrie (Kaiser-
Wilhelm-Institut) in Munchen zur
Stiftungsratssitzung am 5. Februar 1927,
"
Zeitscbrift fii1~die gesa'lllte Neurologie ulld
Psychiatrie,
p. 344: BAE R 1501, Akte 126789,
Blatt 148-150. Author's communication with
Paul Weindling, 23 January 2003.
23. Weindling, Health, Race and Ge17lwn Politics
Between National Unification and Nazism, 1870-
1945, p. 336. Weber, pp. 250, 251. RobertN.
Proctor, Racial Hygiene: Medicine Under the
Nazis (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University
Press, 1988), p. 112.
24. Matthais M. Weber, E17lstRiMin: Eine Kritische
Biographie (Berlin:]' Springer-Verlag, 1993).
Proctor, p. 17. Also see Weindling, Health, Race
and Ge17lwn Politics Between National Unification
and Nazism, 1870-1945, pp. 72, 150, 185-186.
25. Weindling, Health, Race and German Politics
Between National Unification and Nazism, 1870-
1945, pp. 384, 385.
26. "The German Genetic Association, " Jou17lal of
Hmdity, Vol. XIII NO.5 (May 1922), p. 200.
"Notes and News,
" Eugenical News Vol. IX
(1924), p. 56. "Heredity ofInsanity,
" Eugenical
News Vol. IX (1924), p. 83. "The Genealogical
Section of the Psychiatric Institute of Munich,
"
Eugenical News Vol.X (1925), p. 118. "Berlin
(From Our Regular Correspondent), " Jou171alof
the Am,
, -ican Medical Association Vol. 94 NO.3
(Dec. 1929), p. 201.
27. "Meeting ofInternational Federation of
Eugenic Organizations,
" Eugenical News Vol.
XIII (1928), pp. 129, 131. "Membership and
Organization of the International Federation of
Eugenic Organizations,
" Eugenical News Vol.
XV (1930), p. 168. "The International
Federation of Eugenics Organizations,
"
Eugenical News Vol. XVIII (1933), p. 16.
28. "Fifth International Congress of Genetics,
"
Eugenical News Vol. XII (1927), p. 152.
29. "Fifth International Congress of Genetics, " p.
152. Weindling, Health, Race and Gem/an Politics
Between National Unification and Nazism, 1870-
1945, p. 435.
30. "Fifth International Congress of Genetics, " p.
150,
152. Fifth International Congress,
"Program, " p. 4: APS B:D27 - International
Congress of Genetics 5, hand 6, h William E.
Seildeman, "Science and Inhumanity: The
Kaiser-Wilhelm/Max Planck Society, " if Not
Now an e-jou171alVol. 2 (Winter 2000), at
www.soec.at. Invitation to Charles B.
Davenport from Fifth International Congress
of Genetics: APS B:D27 - International
Congress of Genetics 5"' and 6'h.. Weindling,
Health, Race and German Politics Between
National Unification and Nazism, 1870-1945, p.
436.
31. Fifth International Congress of Genetics, " pp.
150,
152. Fifth International Congress,
"Program, " pp. 9-11, 22-23.
32. "Fifth International Congress of Genetics, " pp.
150, 152. "Program, " pp. 12-19. Fifth
International Congress of Genetics, "List of the
Papers Announced at the Congress,
" n.p., n.d.,
pp. 7-13: APS B:D27 - International Congress
of Genetics 5"' and 6'h Invitation to Charles B.
Davenport from Fifth International Congress
of Genetics.
33. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Eugen Fischer,
5 October 1926:APS B:D27 - Fischer. "Fifth
International Congress of Genetics, " p. 152.
Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Hermann
Muckermann, 6 October 1928: APS B:D27 -
Davenport - Muckermann,
Dr. H. Letter,
Charles B. Davenport to Eugen Fischer, 3
October, 1928 and attached letter, Charles B.
Davenport to Eugen Fischer: APS B:D27 -
IFEO 1928 #2. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to
Eugen Fischer, 4 December 1928: APS B:D27 -
Fischer.
34. Hans-Walter Schmuhl, Hi171forschung ltnd
Krankemnord, Das Kaise1"-Wilhelm-bzstitut fiir
Hi17zforschung 1937-1945, (Berlin: 2000).
"Cecile and Oskar Vogt: On the Occasion of
her 75'h and his 80'h Birthday, " Neurology Vol.
NO.3 (May-June 1951), pp. 183, 184. Max
Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine,
"History" at www.mdc-berlin.de. Tage
Kemp,
"To The Rockefeller Foundation: Report of visits
to various Institutes, Laboratories etc. for
Human Genetics in Europe." (July-October
1934), pp. 59-60: RF
1.21713/2/16. Letter,
Norma S. Thompson to Adolf von Harnack, 24
May 1929: RF 1.1 717 1064. Letter, George].
Beal to Adolf von Harnack, 4 June 1929: RF 1.1
717 10 64. Review of recommendation on the
Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Brain Research, 22
May 1929: RF 1.1 7171064. Review of appropriations
to the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for
Brain Research, 9 May 1932: RF 1.1 717 10 64.
35. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Wickliffe
Draper, 23 February 1926: APS B:D27 -
Davenport - W P. Draper # I. Letter, Charles
B. Davenport to Wickliffe Draper, 15 March
1926: APS B:D 27 - WP. Draper #1.
36. Davenport to Draper, 23 February 1926.
Davenport to Draper,
IS March 1926. Letter,
Charles B. Davenport to Cora Hodson, 18
March 1926: APS B:D27 - Davenport: Int'l Fed
of Eugenic Orgs.
37. Charles B. Davenport and Morris Steggerda,
Race c.·ossing in Jamaica (Washington: Carnegie
Institution of Washington, 1929), pp. 3, 4, 9.
38. See Edwin Black, IBM and the Holocaust (New
York: Crown Publishers, 2001), Chapter II.
39. Generally see Black, especially Chapters II,
III,
TVand V.
40. Hermann Kruger, "Das Hollerith-Lochkarten-
Verfahren im Fursorgewesen, " Holle11th
Nachrichten 47 (March 1935), pp. 615, 618.
"Secret Report: PW Intelligence Bulletin No.
2/57, " April 25, 1945, p. I: CSDIC. Davenport
and Steggerda, p. 4. See Black, Chapter II. See
"Report of the Advisory Committee on the
Eugenics Record Office, " circa 1935: Truman
C-2-2:2.
41. "List of data for Columns of Hollerith Cards,
"
memorandum circa 1926: APS B:D27 -
Davenport - Draper Fund for Race Crossing
#2. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Morris
Steggerda, 8 April 1927: APS B:D27 - April #3
Davenport - Steggerda.
42. Generally see Black, especially Chapters Iv,
V,
VII and VIII.
43. See Davenport and Steggerda. Letter, Charles
B. Davenport to Eugen Fischer, 17 February
1927: APS B:D27 - Fischer. Letter, Charles B.
Davenport to Cora Hodson, 23 February 1927:
APS B:D27 -Davenport: Int'l Federation of
Eugenic Orgs. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to
Hermann Lundborg, 17May 1928: APS
B:D27.
44. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Henry L.
Bolley, 14 November 1928: APS B:D27 -
Committee on Race Crossing. Letter, Charles
B. Davenport to Bennet Allen, 14 November
1928: APS B:D27 - Committee on Race
Crossing. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to
Trevor Kincaid, 14November 1928: APS
B:D27 - IFEO Committee on Race Crossing
#3. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to W.E.
Bryan, 14 November 1928: APS B:D27 -
Committee on Race Crossing. Letter, ].P.
Anderson to Charles B. Davenport, 20 March
1929: APS B:D27 - Committee on Race
Crossing. Letter, Raymond Bellamy to Charles
B. Davenport, 17January 1928: APS B:D27 -
Committee on Race Crossing.
45. Letter, Bellamy to Davenport, 17January 1928.
Letter,
W. E. Bryan to Charles B. Davenport,
10January 1929:APS B:D27 - Committee on
Race Crossing. Letter, J.5. Blitch to Charles B.
Davenport, 10January 1929: APS B:D27 -
Committee on Race Crossing. Letter, B.M.
Allen to Charles B. Davenport,
S December
1929: APS B:D27 - Committee on Race
Crossing. Letter, Henry Bolley to Charles B.
Davenport, 21 November 1928: APS B:D27 -
Committee on Race Crossing.
46. "Form Letter" circa February 1929: APS B:D27
- IFEO Committee on Race Crossing #3.
Letter, Charles B. Davenport to E.A. Arce, 28
February 1929: APS B:D27 - IFEO Committee
on Race Crossing #3.
47. Letter, Halfdan Bryn to Charles B. Davenport,
4 April 1929: APS B:D27 - IFEO Committee
on Race Crossing #3. Letter, Charles B.
Davenport to Halfdan Bryn, 19April 1929:
APS B:D27 - IFEO Committee on Race
Crossing #3. Letter, V. Bunak to Charles B.
Davenport, 20 March 1929: APS B:D27 - IFEO
Committee on Race Crossing #3. Letter,
Charles B. Davenport to V. Bunak, 18 April
1929: APS B:D27 - IFEO Committee on Race
Crossing #3. Letter, G. Arnold to Charles B.
Davenport, 4 April 1929:APS B:D27 - IFEO
Committee on Race Crossing #3. Letter,
Charles B. Davenport to G. Arnold, 10May
1929:APS RD27 - IFEO Committee on Race
Crossing #3. Letter, A. de Assis to Charles B.
Davenport, 28 March 1929: APS B:D27 - IFEO
Committee on Race Crossing #3. Letter,
Davidson Black to Charles B. Davenport, I
April 1927: APS B:D27 - IFEO Committee on
Race Crossing #3. Letter, H.]. V. Bijlmer to
Charles B. Davenport, 24 April 1929: APS
B:D27 - IFEO Committee on Race Crossing
#3. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to H.]. V.
Bijlmer, 27 June 1929: APS B:D27 - IFEO
Committee on Race Crossing #3. Letter,
Charles B. Davenport to F. W. Caine, 8July
1929: APS B:D27 - IFEO Committee on Race
Crossing #3. Letter, E. Lucas Bridges to
Charles B. Davenport, 15May 1929: APS
B:D27 - IFEO Committee on Race Crossing
#3. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to E. Lucas
Bridges, 9July 1929: APS B:D27 - IFEO
Committee on Race Crossing #3. Letter, H.
Beroot to Charles B. Davenport, 9 March 1929:
APS B:D27 - IFEO Committee on Race
Crossing #3.
48. Letter, Prescott Childs to Charles B.
Davenport, 30 April 1929: APS B:D27 -IFEO
Committee on Race Crossing #3. Letter, c.c.
Hanson to Charles B. Davenport, 8 May 1929:
APS B:D27 - IFEO Committee on Race
Crossing #3. Letter, Charles H. Albrecht, 14
May 1929: APS RD27 - IFEO Committee on
Race Crossing #3. Letter, Harry E. Carlson to
Charles B. Davenport, 29 May 1929: APS
B:D27 - IFEO Committee on Race Crossing
#3. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to the
American Consul in Magallanes, Chile: APS
B:D27 - IFEO Committee on Race Crossing
#3. Letter, Lewis V. Boyle to Charles B.
Davenport, 2 May 1929: APS B:D27 - IFEO
Committee on Race Crossing #3.
49. Letter, Eugen Fischer to Charles B. Davenport,
19July 1929:APS B:D27 - Fischer. "The
Meeting of the International Federation of
Eugenic Organizations, " p. 156.
50. "The Meeting of the International Federation
of Eugenic Organizations, " p. 154.
51. "The Meeting of the International Federation
of Eugenic Organizations, " pp. 155, 157.
52. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Eugen Fischer,
2 December 1929: APS B:D27. Letter, Charles
B. Davenport to Alfred Ploetz, 1 October 1932:
APS B:D27 - Ploetz, Alfred.
53. Letter, Eugen Fischer to Charles B. Davenport,
22 December 1929: APS B:D27. Letter,
Charles B. Davenport to Eugen Fischer, 3
February 1930. Charles B. Davenport and
Eugen Fischer, "Studies on Human Race
Crossings, " memorandum circa 1930: APS
B:D27.
54. Letter, F. Schmidt-Ott to Edmund E. Day, 20
September 1929: RF 1.1 717 20 187.
55. Schmidt-Ott to Day, 20 September 1929.
56. "Progress Report: Grant to Notgemeinschaft
for Anthropological Studies of the Population
of Germany, " 10June 1933: RF 1.171720187.
"Action RF 29137- Anthropological
Investigation of the German People, " memorandum
of 2 October 1933: RF 1.1 71720 187.
Letter, Norma S. Thompson to Dr. F. Schmidt-
Ott, 14November 1929: RF 1.1 71720187.
Letter, Edmund E. Day to Dr. F. Schmidt-Ott,
27 November 1929: RF 1.1 71720187. Letter,
George]. Beal to R. Letort, 6 December 1929:
RF 1.1 71720 187. Letter, R. Letort to George
J. Beal, 6January 1930: RF 1.1 71720187.
Letter, Dr. F. Schmidt-Ott
to Edmund E. Day,
5 September 1929: RF l.l 717 20 187.
57. "Archiv Fur Rassen-u. Gesellschafts Biologie,
"
Eugmicnl News, Vol. XV (1930), p. 152. "Jews in
West Africa,
" ElIg~nicnl News, Vol. XV (1930),
pp. 1+2-143. "Books on Human Heredity,
"
ElIgmicnlNews, Vol. XV (1930), p. 143. Gary D.
Stark, ElItr~prm~un of ld~ology(Chapel
Hill,
NC: The University of North Carolina Press,
1981), p. 223. "Ninth Meeting of the
International Federation of Eugenic
Organizations, " Eugel1icalNews, Vol. XV
(1930), p.162.
58. Ernst Rudin, "Hereditary Transmission of
Mental Diseases,
" Eugeuicnl News Vol. J\.'V
(1930), pp. 171-174.
59. "Hereditary Transmission of Mental Diseases,
"
pp. 172, 174.
60. Memorandum from D.P. O'Brien to Alan
Gregg, 10November 1933: RF 1.1 717 946.
61. "Memo for Officer's Action: Forschungsanstalt
fur Psychiatric, " memorandum circa December
1933: RF 1.1 717956. Letter, Thomas B.
Appleget to Benson Y.Landis, 23 February
1934: RF
1.1 717 9 56. Memorandum, D.P.
O'Brien to Alan Gregg, 27 November 1934: RF
1.1 717956. "University of Copenhagen -
Institute of Human Genetics,
" memorandum,
June 1939: RF 1.1 Ser 713A Box 2 Folder 15.
Letter, Tage Kemp to The Rockefeller
Foundation, 17 November 1932: RF 1.2 Ser
713 Box 2 Folder 15.
62. "From HAS' diary: June 4, 1931, " inter-office
correspondence: RF 1.1 Ser 100 Box 40 Folder
365.
63. Erwin Baur, Eugen Fischer and Fritz Lenz,
Humnn H~r~dity, 3, d Ed., trans. Eden & Cedar
Paul (New York: The MacMillan Company,
1931), pp. 677, 680, 681.
64. "Heredity and Eugenics, " Eligeuicni News Vol.
XVI (1931), pp. 220-221.
65. See Kershaw, pp. 336-337.
66. "Hitler and Race Pride, " ElIg~nicnl News Vol.
XVII (1932), pp. 60-61.
67. Radiogram to Alan Gregg, 13May 1932: RF
1.1
Ser 7171 Box 10 Folder 63. Gerald Jonas,
Th~ Circuit Riden (New York:W.\„. Norton &
Company, 1989), p. Ill.
68. "Eugenics in the service of public welfare:
Report of the proceedings of a committee convened
by the Prussian State Health Council on
2July 1932,
" Ve, 'offentlichungeu nus de.", Gebiete
de>'Medizinnlverwnltullg Vol. XXXVIII,
part 5,
p. 98 as cited by Muller-Hill, p. 30. R.B.
Goldschmidt, 1m Wnndel dns Bleibeude: Mein
Lebeusweg (Hamburg and Berlin, 1963), p. 264
as cited by Muller-Hill, p. 30.
69. A Decnde of Progress in Eugmics: Scieutijic Pnpe>'S
of the Third 1nte17lntionnl Congress of Eugenics
(Baltimore: The Williams and Wilkins
Company, 1934), pp. i, xi, 17. Letter, Charles B.
Davenport to Eugen Fischer, 28January 1932:
APS B:D27.
70. K. Holler, "The Nordic Movement in
Germanl',
" Eugeuicnl News Vol. XVII (1932), pp.
117, 119,
71. Edwin Black, The Trons/e>'Ag7'ee>11e1lt
(vVashington: Dialog Press, 1999), p. 3.
William L. Shirer, The Rise nnd Fnll of the Thj, 'd
Reich:A Hist01) of Nnzi Germany (New York:
Simon and Schuster, 1960),
p. 173. See Shirer,
pp. 159, 172.
72. Black, The l1'nnsfer Ag7'wne11t, p. 3. Shirer, pp.
4-5,
73. The Newseum, "Holocaust: The ntold
Story, " at www.newseuffi.org. Generally see
Deborah E. Lipstadt, Beyond Belief(New York:
The Free Press, 1986). Generally see Black, The
l1'ansfer Agree>11ent.
74. Shirer, pp. 196, 430.
75. Black, The TransferAgreement, pp. 177-185. See
"German Sterilization Progress,
" Eugenical
News, Vol. XIX (1934), p. 38. See "Sterilization
in Germany,
" Eugenical News, Vol. XX (1935),
p. 13. See "Applied Eugenics in Germany,
"
Eugmical News, Vol. XX (1935), p. 100.
76. Raul Hilberg, The Destruaion of the Em'opean
Jews (New York: Harper Colophon Books,
1961), p. 45. Shirer, pp. 201-202, 221-224.
"Jewish Refugees from Germany,
" Eugenical
News Vol. XIX (1934), p. 44. YadVashem: The
Holocaust Martyr's and Heroes' Remembrance
Authority, "March 22: Dachau camp established,
"
Ch7"Qnologyof the Holocaust 1933-1936 at
www.yad-vashem.org.il. Also see Black, The
Transfer Agreeme1lt, pp. 177-179.
77. "Eugenical Sterilization In Germany, " Eugenical
News Vol. XVIII (1933), pp. 91-93. Weber, p.
251.
78. "Eugenical Sterilization In Germany, " p. 91.
"Human Sterilization in Germany and the
United States, " Journal of the American NIedical
Association Vol. 102 No. 18, p. 150I.
79. "Berlin: From Our Regular Correspondent,
"
Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol.
103 o. 13 (August 1935), p. 1051. Proctor, p.
103.
80. c.P. Blacker, "Eugenics in Germany, " 8 August
1933, pp. 4, 5: Wellcome Box 112.
81. "The New Format, " Eugenical News Vol. XVII
(1932), p. 16. "Eugenical Sterilization In
Germany, " pp. 89, 91-93.
82. "Eugenical Sterilization In Germany, " p. 90.
83. "Eugenical Sterilization In Germany, " p. 90.
84. Ernst Rudin, "Eugenic Sterilization: An Urgent
Need, " Birth Control Review ApriI1933,
pp. 102,
103-104.
85. "Berlin: From Our Regular Correspondent,
"
Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol.
101 No. 11 (Sept. 9, 1933), pp. 866-867.
86. "Berlin: From Our Regular Correspondent,
"
Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol.
100 No. 23 aune 10, 1933), p. 1877.
87. "Race-Culture in Germany, " Eugenical News
Vol. XVIII (1933), p. Ill.
88. Haushaltsplan der Kaise-rWilhelm Instituts fi'"
A7lth"opologie,
(1933): R 36, Akte 1366
Deutscher Gemeindetag. Weindling, Health,
Race and Gem1an Politics Between National
Unijication111ldNazism, 1870-1945, p. 3 15.
Proctor, p. 40
89. Letter, H. J. Muller to Robert A. Lambert, 7
June 1933: RF RG l.l Ser 717 Box 10 Folder
64.
90. Mullerto Lambert, 7June 1933.
91. Muller to Lambert, 7June 1933.
92. Weindling, "From Philanthropy to
International Science Policy, " p. 132.
93. W.W Peter, "Germany's Sterilization
Program,
" American Journal of Public Health,
NO.3 Vol. 24 (March 1934)
94. "German Children Face Sterilization, " New
York Times, 5January J 934: Truman C-2-7:3.
"Berlin: From our Regular Correspondent,
"
Journal of the American Medical Association Vol.
103 No. 13 (Sept 1935), p. 1051. Proctor p.
106.
95. "The Eleventh Federation Meeting, " Eugenical
News Vol. XIX (1934), p. 107. Lipstadt, pp. 13-
15.
96. "Nazis Insist Reich Be 'Race-Minded, ''' New
Yo, ·k Times, 7January 1934: Truman C-2-7:3.
"Question of Admitting German Refugees
Under Bond Studied by Labor Department,
"
New York Times, 20 January 1934:Truman C-2-
7:3. "Catholics Exempt on Sterilization, " New
York Times, 31 December 1933: Truman C-2-
7:2. "German Children Face Sterilization."
"Jewish Immigrants Aided, " undated article:
Truman C-2-7:3. "11, 060 Loans Made to Jews
on Farms, " New YOrk Times, undated: Truman
C-2-7:3.
97. "Nazis Insist Reich Be 'Race-Minded.'''
Letter,
Harry H. Laughlin to Madison Grant, 13
January 1934: Truman 0-2-5:5.
98. Wilhelm Frick, "Gennan Population and Race
Politics,
" Eugenical News Vol. XIX (1934), pp.
33-38. "A French View,
" Eugenical News Vol.
XIX (1934), p. 39. "Eugenics in Gennany,
"
Eugenical News Vol. XIX (1934), pp. 40-41.
"Jewish Refugees from Germany, " p. 44.
99. "Notes, " Eugenical News, Vol. XIX (1934), p. 60.
100. Carl Hammesfahr, "The Mother of Nations,
"
in "Eugenical Propaganda in Germany, "
Eugenical News, Vol. XIX (1934), p. 45.
101. Masthead, Eugenical News, Vol. XVIII (1933),
p. 14. Masthead, Eugenical News, Vol. XIX
(1934), p. 16.
Masthead, Eugenical News, Vol.
XX (1935), p. 98.
102. "A Letter from Dr. Ploetz, " Eugenical
News,
Vol. XIX (1934), p. 129. "Jewish Physicians in
Berlin,
" Eugenical News, Vol. XIX (1934), p.
126.
103. Letter, Thomas B. Appleget to George K.
Strode, 23 February 1938: R l.l 717956.
Letter, Bruce Bliven to the Rockefeller
Foundation, 20 December 1933: RF l.l 7179
56. Letter, Benson Y. Landis to the Rockefeller
Foundation, 20 February 1934: RF 1.1 717 9
56. Letter, Walther Spielmeyer to D.P.
O'Brien,
4 November 1933: RF l.l 717 946.
104. Letter, Thomas B. Appleget to Bruce Bliven,
10January 1934: RF 1.1. 717956. Letter,
Thomas B. Appleget to Bruce Bliven, 31
January 1934: RF l.l 717956.
105. Landis to the Rockefeller Foundation, 20
February 1934.
106. Landis to the Rockefeller Foundation, 20
February 1934. Letter, Thomas B. Appleget to
Raymond Fosdick, 7 February 1934: RF1.1 717
956.
107. Appleget to Strode, 23 February 1934.
Memorandum, 13 March 1934: RF 1.1 717 9
56. Letter, George K. Strode to Thomas B.
Appleget, 6 March 1934: RF I. 1 717 9 56.
108. Memorandum from D.P. O'Brien to Alan
Gregg, 12 December 1934: RF 1.1 717956.
Memorandum from D.P. O'Brien to Alan
Gregg, 27 November 1934: RF 1.1 717 9 56.
Letter, Walther Spielmeyer to Alan Gregg, 22
October 1934: RF 1.1 717 9 56.
109. Memorandum, 28 August 1934: RF I.l 71713
123. Weindling, ''''From Philanthropy to
International Science Policy, " p. 133.
110. "Archiv Fuer Rassen- Und Gesellschatfs-
Biologie,
" Eugmical Newf, Vol. XXI (1926), p.
184. Kristie Macrakis,
Surviving the Swastika,
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1993), p.
114.
Ill.]. W. Schotte, "To L.H. La Motte:
Confidential Report on Our Dealings with War
Ministries of Europe, " circa spring 1940, p. I:
NA RG 60. Also see Black, IBM mId the
Holocaust, Chapter VIII.
112. Memorandum, vV.D.Jones to Thomas].
vVarson, IOJanuary 1934: IBM Files. Also see
Black, IBM and the Holocaust, pp. 81-84.
113. Denkfchrift zur Eillweihlmg del· neum
Arheitsstiitte der Deutschen Hollerith MafChinm
Gesellfchaft m.h.H ill Bedin-Lichte'felde, January
8 1934, pp. 39-40: USHMM Library. Also see
Black, IBM alld the Holocaust, p. 82.
114. Denksch, ·ift zm' Eillweihll1lg del' neuen
Arbeitsstiitte der Deutschm Hollerith Mafchinm
Gesellschaft m.h.H in Bedill-LichtC1felde, January
8 1934, pp. 39-40. Also see Black, IBM and the
Holocaust, p. 82.
115. Memorandum, Jones to Warson, 10January
1934. Letter, Thomas]. Warson to Willy
Heidinger, 26 February 1934: IBM Files. Also
see Black, IBM alld the Holocaust, pp. 85-86.
116. Edgar Schultze, "Die verfeinerte Auswertung
statistischer Zusammenhiinge mit Hilfe des
Hollerith-Lochkartenverfahrens, " Hollerith
Nachl"ichtm40 (August 1934), pp. 505-517. Also
see Black, IBM and the Holocaust, p. 92.
117. Hermann Kruger, "Das Hollerith-Lochkarten-
Verfahren im Fiihrsorgewesen, " Hollerith
Nachl"ichten 47 (March 1935), pp. 615, 618. Also
see Black, IBM and the Holocaust, pp. 94-95.
Hollel"ith Nachl"ichten 45 Oanuary 1935), p. 588.
Also see Black, IBM alld the Holocaust, p. 95.
118. Friedrich Zahn, "Fortbildung der deurschen
Bevolkerungsstatistik durch erbbiologische
Bestandsaufnahmen, " Allgrozei1lef Statistifches
Archiv 27 (l937/38), pp. 194-195. Also see
Black, IBM and the Holocaust, p. 96.
120. Black, IBM and the Holocaust, pp. 109-111.
121. Hilberg, pp. 46, 48.
122. Generally see Black, IBM and the Holocaust.
123. "Reich Adopts Swastika As Nation's Flag;
Hitler's Reply To 'Insult, ''' New Ytwk Times 16
September 1935.
124. Harry H. Laughlin, "Jewish Studies: Outline
of a Plan for the Determination of Jewish Racial
Quota-Fulfillments Among Both Institutional
and College Jews in the United States, " memorandum
circa 1924: Truman C-2-4:5.
125. Stefan Kiihl, Die 1nte17latiollaledel' Rassisten:
Aufttieg lmd Nied"'gang del"internationalen
Bewegullgftil" Eugellik und Raffellhygiene im
zwanzigsten Jah"hundert (Frankfurt/Main:
Campus, 1997), p. 138. Letter, Dr. E.
Rodenwaldt to Car! Schneider, 11 December
1935: B-1523/5 UH.
126. Letter, Carl Schneiderto Dr. Gampp, 10 June
1936: B-1523/6 Universitiitarchiv Heidelberg.
Letter,
Carl Schneider to Harry H. Laughlin,
16 May 1936: Truman E-I-3:8. Letter, Harry
H. Laughlin to Carl Schneider, 11 August 1936:
Truman E-I-3:8.
127. Proctor, pp. 188-191. Lifton, pp. 64-66, 71-
75.
128. Shirer, pp. 322-357, 428-455. Eugen Kogon,
TheOl"]and Practice of Hell ew York: Berkley
Books, 1980), pp. 48-49. Lipsradt,
pp. 121-125,
143.
129. Letter, Waldemar Kaempffert to Eugenical
News, 15 October 1935: Truman D-2-3:5.
Letter, ]. H. Landman
to Harry H. Laughlin,
13 September 1935: Truman 0-2-3:5. Letter,
Walter Landauer to Charles B. Davenport, 29
February 1935.
130. See "Berlin: From Our Regular
Correspondent, " Jou17lal of the Am,
, -icall Medical
Association, Vol. 106 (Nov 1936), p. 1582. See
"Berlin: From Our Regular Correspondent,
"
JO"17Ialof the Al1lC1-icanMedical Association, Vol.
113 No. 24 (Nov 1939), p. 2163. See "Berlin:
From Our Regular Correspondent, " Journal of
tbe A11l"'ican Medical Association, Vol. 112 No.
19 (April 1939), p. 1981.
131. Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library, "The
Raymond Blaine Fosdick Papers, " at
libweb.princeton.edu. Weindling, "From
Philanthropy to International Science Policy,
"
pp. 133, 134, 135. Macrakis, p. 114. Letter,
Hans Bauer to Kaiser INilhelm-Institut Fiir
Biologie, 18 August 1935: BOA 1. Abt., Rep lA,
Nr. 1052/6 (Foreign and International Affairs).
Letter, Fritz von Wettstein to the
Generalverwaltung der Kaiser Wilhelm-
Gesellschaftzur Forderung der INissenschaften,
10June 1936: BDA 1. Abt., Rep lA, Jr. 1054/2
(Foreign and International Affairs). Letter, G.
Gottschewski to Herr Reichs-und Preussischen
Minister fur Wissenschaft, Erziehung und
Volksbildung: BDA L Abt., Rep lA, Nr. 1054/2
488 II WAR AGAI1 ST THE WEAK
(Foreign and International Affairs). Fritz von
\Vettstein, "An das Reichsministerium fur
Wissenschaft, Erziehung und Volksbildung, " 27
July 1938: BOA 1.Abt., Rep lA, Nr. 1061/3
(Foreign and International Affairs).
132. Letter, Raymond Fosdick to Selskar M. Gunn,
6June 1939: RF 1.1 717 16150.
133. "U.S. Eugenist Hails Nazi Racial Policy, " New
Yt,
, ·k Times, 29 August 1935: Truman 0-2-3:5.
See Letter, Kaempffert to Eugenical ews, 15
October 1935. See Letter, Landman to
Laughlin, 13 September 1935.
134. "U.S. Eugenist Hails Nazi Racial Policy."
"The German Racial Policy,
" Eugenical News
Vol.XXI (1936), p. 25.
135. C.M. Goethe, "Patriotism and Racial
Standards,
" Eugenical News Vol. XXI (1936), pp.
65-66.
136. Marie E. Kopp, "Sterilization" in Ame1-ican
Eugenics: Being the P,
-oceedingsat the Annual
Meeting and Ronnd Table Confe"ences of the
A"",
-ican Eugenics Society (New York) 7 May
1936, pp. 56, 57, 61, 64. Kopp, "The German
Program of Marriage Promotion through State
Loan,
" Eugenical News Vol. XXI (1936), pp.
121-129.
137. Kopp, "Sterilization, " p. 65.
138. Harry H. Laughlin, "Eugenics In Germany:
Motion Picture Showing How Germany is
Presenting and Attacking Her Problems in
Applied Eugenics,
" Eugenical News, Vol. XXII-
(1937), pp. 65-66. Letter, Harry H. Laughlin to
Wickliffe Draper, 9 December 1938: Truman
D-2-3:14. Letter, Harry H. Laughlin to
'vVickliffeDraper, 15 March 1937:Truman D-
2-3: 14. Zeilund IVeg Vol. 7 (1937), No. 14, p.
361. See Martin S. Pernick, The Black St01'k:
Eugenics and the Death of "Defective " Babies in
American Medicine and Motion Pictures Since
1915 (New York:Oxford
University Press,
1996), pp. 164-166.
139. Laughlin, p. 66. Pernick, p. 165.
140. Shirer, pp. 430-434. Martin Gilbert, The
Holocaust (New York: Holt, Rinehart and
Winston, 1985), pp. 69-70. Weindling,
Health,
Race and Ge17nan Politics Between Notional
Unificotion and Nazism, 1870-1945, pp. 502-
503. Generally see Proctor. Generally see
Lifton.
141. Weindling, Health, Race and Gemu", Politics
Between National Unification and Nazism, 1870-
1945, p. 515. Proctor, pp. 112-114. Zentralarchiv
der Deutschen Demokratischen
Republjk, Potsdam: Reichsinnemllinisterium
10160, Film 23063 as cited by Muller-Hill, p.
34.
142. Muller-Hill, pp. 137-139, 164. Tage U.H.
Ellinger, "On the Breeding of Aryans, " J01l171al
of Hmdity Vol. XXXIII (April 1942), p. 141.
Mary Mills, "Propaganda and Children during
the Hitler Years, " at www.nizkor.org. Pernick,
p. 165. Proctor, pp. 196-197.
144. Henry Friedlander, The Originr of Nazi
Genocide (Chapel Hill, NC: The Universiry of
Carolina Press, 1995) pp. 21-22, 81.
145. Stephen Trombley, The Right to Reproduce: A
History of Coercive Ste1-iliUJtion (London:
Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1988), p. 116. Nancy
L. Gallagher, B,
-eeding Better Ve17JI01Ite.-s
(Hanover, NH: University of New England
Press, 1999), p. 140.
146. Lifton, pp. 62-79. Proctor, pp. 188-194.
Muller-Hill, p. 15.
147. Lothrop Stoddard, Into the Darkness (Newport
Beach, CA: Noontide Press, 2000), p. 187.
148. Stoddard, pp. 187-188.
150. Stoddard, p. 201, 205.
151. Stoddard, p. xi, 192, 196.
I. Brig. Gen. Eric F. ""ood, "Inspection of
German Concentration Camp for Political
Prisoners Located at Buchenwald on the North
Edge of Weimar, " report of 16 April 1945: PRO
Fa 371 151185. Direct examination of Katzen-
Ellenbogen, U.s. v. Josias Prince Zu Waldeck et.
al., Case No. 000-50-9, p. 4220: NA RG
496/451. Direct examination of Rous, u.s. v.
Josias Prince Zu Waldeck et. al., p. 1626.
2. Direct examination of Horn, U.S. v.Josias
Prince Zu Waldeck et. al., pp. 896-897, 1624-
1626, 1627, 1639, 1640, 1642. Cross-examination
of Katzen-Ellenbogen, U.S. v.Josias Prince
Z" Waldeck et. al., p. 4366. Testimony of Karl
Hemrick Victor Berthold, 17January 1947, p.
16:NA RG 496/290/59/14/1-5 Box #444.
Physical measurements of defendants: NA RG
496/290/59/14/1-5 Box #442. Wood, p. 2.
Direct examination of Katzen-Ellenbogen, pp.
4216-4217.
3. Eugen Kogon, The Theory and Practice of Hell
Tew York: Berkley Books, 1980), p. 210.
Direct examination of Katzen-Ellenbogen, pp.
4224-4225, 4243-4245, 4261-4262, 4291.
Cross-examination of Katzen-Ellenbogen, pp.
4344, 4383. Testimony of Berthold, pp. 16-17.
Statement of Walter Hummelsheim, p. 2: NA
RG 496/290/59/14/1-5 Box #444
4. Direct examination ofRous, pp. 1625-1627.
Cross-examjnation ofRous, U.S. v.Josias Prince
Zu Waldeck et. 01., pp. 1640-1643. See Wood, p. 2.
5. Direct examination of Katzen-Ellenbogen,
pp. 4241, 4295, 4300. Re-direct examination
of Katzen-Ellenbogen, U.S. v. Josias P,
-ince Zu
Waldeck et. aI., p. 4386. Wood, p. 2. Crossexamination
of Katzen-Ellenbogen, p. 4366.
See photograph of Edwin Katzen-Ellenbogen:
NA RG 496/290/59114/1-5 Box #434. Direct
examination of Siebeneich1er, U.S. v. Josias
hince Zu Waldeck et. aI., pp. 2320-2321.
Direct examination of Challe, Us. v. Josias
Prince Zu Waldeck et. aI., pp. 438-439.
Statement of Edwin Katzen-Ellenbogen, Us.
v. Josias Prince Zll Waldeck et. aI., p. 440 1.
Memorandum, Leon Alexander to A.H.
Rosenfeld, Jr., 28January 1947: NA RG
496/290/59114/1-5 Box #444. Statement,
Edwin Katzen-Ellenbogen to the n08 War
Crime Group, 13 April 1948: NA RG
496/457. "Buchenwald Doctor Lists
Atrocities, " Stan and Stripes, 15 May 1947:
A RG 496/290/59114/1-5 Box 445.
6. Ben A. Smith, "Review of the War Crimes
Section, Military Affairs Branch, Judge
Advocate Division, Headquarters, European
Command, ATO 403, U.S. Army, " Report of 31
July 1950, pp. 1, 2, 6: NA RG 496/290/59/14/5-
7 Box #457. "The Guilty, " Life Magazine, 25
August 1947. Sentences, Us. v.Josias Prince Zu
Waldeck et. al., p. 5713. Lerter, "Owner of a
copy of Bourgemeister Madonna" to Edwin
Katzen-Ellenbogen, 31 August 1947:NA RG
496/457. Letter, Evelyn Kranz to "Edwin
Katzenellenbogen, " 15August 1947:NA RG
496/457. Letter, Olga Pilar to the High Military
Court at Dachau, 20 September 1947:NA RG
496/457. Letter, Mieczyslaw Lurczynski ro
Board of Review, 20 April 1948: NA RG
496/457. Signed testimonial of A. Simonart, 15
March 1950:NA RG 496/457. Letter, W. R.
Graham to Board of Review, 5 April 1950: NA
RG496/457.
7. Eugenics Research Association, Active
Membership Accession List (Cold Spring Harbor,
NY: Eugenics Research Association, 1922):
Truman, ERA Membership Records. Direct
examination of Katzen-Ellenbogen, pp. 4198-
4199.
8. Amel'ican Men ofScie71ce.(New York: Bowker,
1910 edition), s.v. "KatzenEllenbogen." Letter,
Graham to Board of Review, 5 April 1950.
Commonwealth of Massachusetts, "Record of
Marriage, " 30 March 1939: TARG 496/457.
Direct testimony of Katzen-Ellenbogen, pp.
4193-4194. The Jewish Encyclopedia, s.v.
"Katzenellenbogen."
9. H. Hoefle, "Medical Report on
Katzenellenbogen, Edwin, " 30January 1950, p.
2: NA RG 496/457. American Me71ofScience.
Direct examination of Katzen-Ellenbogen, pp.
4194-4197. "Record of Marriage." Supreme
Judicial Court of Massachusetts, "Edward Peter
Pierce: A Memorial, " at www.m3ssreports.com.
Sworn deposition of "Dr. Edwin Marie Katzen-
Ellenbogen": NA RG 496/290/59114/1-5 Box
#435.
10. Direct testimony of Katzen-Ellenbogen, pp.
4197-4199. Edwin Katzen-Ellenbogen, "The
Detection of a Case of Simulation of Insanity
ByMeans of Association Tests, " JO"171alof
Abno17/fal Psychokgy Vol. VI (1911), p. 19. See
Massachusetts Department of Correction,
"People Executed by Electrocution in
Massachusetts, " at
www.state.ma.us.
11. Direct testimony of Katzen-Ellenbogen, pp.
4198-4199. "A Critical Essay on Mental Tests
in Their Relation to Epilepsy,
" Epilepsia Vol. 4
(1913), pp. 130, 140. Edwin Katzen-
Ellenbogen, "The Mental Efficiency in
Epileptics,
" EpilepsiaVol. 3 (Dee 1912), p. 504.
12. Direct examination of Katzen-Ellenbogen, pp.
4198-4199.
13. Direct examination of Katzen-Ellenbogen, pp.
4199, 4200. Edwin Katzen-Ellenbogen, "A
Critical Essay on Mental Tests in Their
Relation to Epilepsy, " p. 130.Active Membel'ship
Accession List.
14. Direct examination of Katzen-Ellenbogen, p.
4200. Letter, Pilat to the High American
Military Court, 20
September 1947. Letter,
Olga Heide-Pilat to General Handy, 7 August
1951:NA RG 496/457. Letter, "Edwin Katzen
Ellenbogen" to the Prison Director of
Landsberg, 7January 1950: NA RG 496/457.
Letter, "Owner of the Bourgemeister
Madonna" to Katzen-Ellenbogen, 31 August
1947: NA RG496/457.
15. Letter, "Owner of a copy of Bourgemeister
Madonna" to Katzen-Ellenbogen, 31 August
1947. Letter, Krantz to "Katzenellenbogen, " 15
August 1947.
16. Letter, Pilat to "The High American Military
Court, " 20 September 1947. Deposition of
Edwin Katzen-Ellenbogen, 13 April 1948, p. 3.
Letter, Olga Pilat to the Chief Commander of
EUCOM, 5June 1951:NA RG 496/457.
Affadavit, Axel andJan Helge Heide, 20
February 1950:NA RG 496/457.
17. Direct examination of Katzen-Ellenbogen, p.
4200.
18. Direct examination of Katzen-Ellenbogen, pp.
4200, 4201-4202.
19. Direct examination of Katzen-Ellenbogen, pp.
4203-4205.
20. Direct examination of Katzen-Ellenbogen, pp.
4204, 4205.
21. David A. Hackett, ed. and trans., Tbe
Buchenwald Report (Boulder, CO: Westview
Press, 1995), pp. 112-115.
22. Kogon, pp. 155, 157, 172. Opening statement
of the prosecution, United States of Amel, ca v.
Karl B"alldt et al. at www.ess.uwe.ac.uk.
Testimony of M. Dubost, "The Trial of
German Major War Criminals, Forty-Fifth
Day: Tuesday 29m January 1946, " at
www.nizkor.org. Tbe Buchellwald Report, p. 79.
Buchenwald Camp: The Rep011of a Padiamentm)
Delegation, April 1945, p. 6: NA RG
496/290/59/14/1-5 Box #440. Kogon, p. 172.
23. "Statement by a Jewish-Christian Prisoner, " p.
5: PRO Fa 371/21757. Buche1lwald Camp: The
Report of a Padia111e11taryDe/egation, p. 6.
"Buchenwald Atrocities, " at www.scrapbookpages.
com. The Bluhenwald Rep011, pp. 238-239.
See Johannes Tuchel, Die Inspektion der
Konzentrations-Lage, .: OilS System des Te,
, "ors:
1938-1945, p. 100.
24. The Buchenwald Report, p. 113. Wood, pp. 2, 3,
4. Buchenwald Cllmp: The Report of a
Padiamentm) De/egation, p. 6. "George Vanier:
Canadian diplomat reports his experience, " 27
April 1945 at www.nizkor.org. "The Trial of
German Major War Criminals, Forty-Fifth
Day: Tuesday 29'" January 1946." Cross-examination
of Biermann, V.s. v. Josias Prince Zu
Waldeck et. al., p. 549. Cross-examination of
Wilhelm, US. v. Josias hince 2u Wllldeck
et. al.,
p. 4447. Memorandum to Commanding
General, Third U.S. Army, 25 May 1945 at
www.nizkor.org.
Direct examination of Sine,
Us. v. Josias Prince 2" Waldeck et. aI., pp. 365-
366.
25. Nll"nJlbn-g Militm) Tribunal Volume V; p. 973.
26. B, uhe1lwald Camp: The Rep011of II Pm'liame1ltm)
De/egation, p. 7.
27. PW Intelligence Bulletin No. 2/20 December
1944 at www.lib.uconn.edu/DoddCenter.
Deposition ofIsaak Egon Oschshorn, 5
September 1945 at
www.lib.uconn.eduIDoddCenter. Direct examination
of Katzen-Ellenbogen, p. 4206.
Deposition of Erich Kather, 9 May 1947: A
RG 496/290/59/14/1-5 Box #435. Direct examination
of Horn, pp. 905-906. Direct examination
of Katzen-Ellenbogen,
p. 4284,
4294-4296. Direct examination of
Siebeneichler, pp. 2318-2319. Cross-examination
of Katzen-Ellenbogen, p. 4371.
Photograph of Katzen-Ellenbogen.
28. Direct examination of Horn, pp. 898-899.
Direct examination of Katzen-Ellenbogen, pp.
4207-4210, 4214, 423 7-4238, 4244. Affidavit of
August Bender, 3 April 1948: NA RG 496/457.
Affidavit of August Bender, 20 February 1950:
NA RG 496/290/59/14/5-7 Box # 457.
29. Direct examination of Katzen-Ellenbogen, pp.
4209, 4214, 4241, 4244, 4245. Cross-examination
of Katzen-Ellenbogen, pp. 4371, 4386.
Direct examination ofSiebenichler, p. 2320.
Statement ofHummelsheim, p. 2. Direct examination
of Horn,
p. 912. Testimony of Berthold,
p.17.
30. Direct examination of Katzen-Ellenbogen, pp.
4238-4239.
31. Direct examination of Katzen-Ellenbogen, pp.
4238-4239.
32. Direct examination of Katzen-Ellenbogen, pp.
4240-4241. The Buchenwald Report, p. 42.
33. Direct examination of Katzen-Ellenbogen, p.
4239.
34. Direct examination of Katzen-Ellenbogen, pp.
4225, 4226, 4273-4275. Statement of
Hummelsheim, p. 2. Direct examination of
Horn, pp. 897 -898, 907-911. Cross-examination
of Katzen-Ellenbogen, p. 4355. Smith, p.
2. Recross examination of Kogon, US. v.Josias
P"ince 2u Waldeck et. III., p. 946.
35. Cross-examination ofKogon, US. v.Josills
Prince 2n Wllideck et. III., p. 939. Redirect examination
of Horn, US. v. Josills P, -;nce2" Waldeck
et. III., p. 915.
36. Direct examination of Edwin Katzen-
Ellenbogen, p. 4223.
37. Direct examination ofChalle, p. 438. Cross-·
examination of Challe, U.S. v. Jorias P, -;nce2"
Waldeck et. al., p. 439.
39. Cross-examination of Katzen-Ellenbogen, pp.
4361-4632.
40. Jens-Christian Wagner, Dos KZ Mitte/bau-Dora
(Wallstein Verlag, 2001) p. 53. United States
Holocaust Museum, "Dora-Mittelbau, " at
www.ushmm.org. The B"chenwald Rep017, pp.
219-220.
41. Cross-examination of Katzen-Ellenbogen, pp.
4340-4341, 4342-4343.
42. Cross-examination of Katzen-Ellenbogen, p.
4343.
43. Statement of Hummelsheim, p. 2. Direct examination
of Katzen-Ellenbogen, pp. 4278-4281.
44. Kogon, pp. ix, x. Opening statement of the
prosecution, United States of Amn-;ca v. Kad
Brandt et 01. Re-direct examination ofKogon,
Us. v. Josias Prince 2u Waldeck et. 01., p. 948.
Generally see Eugen Kogon
et. a!., Te, , "o'"llnd
Gewnltkriminalitiit: Hernusfordent7lgfii1' den
Rechtsstaat: Diskussionsprotokoll Reihe HessenfOl"
l111G1.enerally see Eugen Kogon, Die Stunde
der Ingenielwe: technolog. Intelligenz ". Politik.
45. Direct testimony of Katzen-Ellenbogen, pp.
4232, 4300. Kogon, The Theo, ) and Practice of
Hell, pp. 229-230. "Extracts from the Affidavit
of Waldemar Hoven 24 October 1946, Concerning
the J<jlling ofInmates by Phenol and
Other Means, " at wwvl.mazal.org. Cross-examination
of Katzen-Ellenbogen,
pp. 4344-4345,
4352. Re-direct of Katzen-Ellebogen, p. 4387.
Statement of Katzen-Ellenbogen, p. 4397.
46. Direct examination of Katzen-Ellenbogen, p.
4245. Cross-examination of Katzen-
Ellenbogen, pp. 4344-4345, 4352. The
Buche1lwald, pp. 225, 319-320.
47. Cross-examination of Katzen-Ellenbogen, p.
4352.
48. Cross-examination of Katzen-Ellenbogen, pp.
4352-4353.
49. RobertJay Lifton, The Nazi Doctors: Medical
Killing and the PsychololfYof Genocide (New York:
Basic Books, 1986), p. 362. Author's communication
with Dr. Harry Stein.
50. Direct examination of Katzen-Ellenbogen, pp.
4228, 4243-4244. Author's interview with Dr.
Harry Stein, 20January 2003.
51. Letter, Andre Simonart to Edwin Katzen-
Ellenbogen, 2 May 1948: NA RG 496/457.
Letter, Andre Simonart to Edwin Katzen-
Ellenbogen, 18 May 1947: NA RG
496/290/59/14/1-5 Box #434. Affidavit of
August Bender, 20 February 1950. Direct examination
of Katzen-Ellenbogen, p. 4214. Direct
examination of Siebeneichler, pp. 2323-2324.
Statement of Edwin Katzen-Ellenbogen, p.
4401. List of exhibits for Katzen-Ellenbogen
trial: NA RG 496/290/59/14/1-5 Box #439.
Direct examination of Horn, p. 900.
52. Direct examination ofSitte, p. 363. Author's
interview with Dr. Harry Stein. "RuSHA Case:
Introduction, " at www.mazal.org. Direction
examination of Horn, p. 897. See "A. Forced
Germanization of Enemy Nationals, " at
www.mazal.org.
53. Direct examination of Horn, p. 897.
54. Direct examination of Katzen-Ellenbogen, p.
4271.
55. Cross-examination of Katzen-Ellenbogen, p.
4328.
56. Direct examination of Katzen-Ellenbogen, p.
4302.
57. Redirect ofKogon, p. 943.
58. Cross-examination of Katzen-Ellenbogen, p.
4349.
59. Cross-examination of Katzen-Ellenbogen, p.
4373.
60. Cross-examination of Katzen-Ellenbogen, pp.
4373-4374.
61. Cross-examination of Katzen-Ellenbogen, pp.
4393-4394.
62. Cross-examination of Katzen-Ellenbogen, p.
4400.
63. Statement of Katzen-Ellenbogen, pp. 4400-
4401.
64. Smith, p. 1. "The Guilty."
65. Opening statement of the prosecution, u.s. v.
]osias P, ·ince Zu Waldeck et. a/., p. 43. "Review
and Recommendations of the Deputy Judge
Advocate for War Crimes, " p. 60: NA RG
496/290/59/14/1-5 Box #433.
67. "Appraisal of Petition for Clemency, " 25 March
1953: NA RG 496/457. Smith, pp. 2, 3.
Statement, Katzen-Ellenbogen to the 7708 War
Crime Group. Letter, "Edwin K. Ellenbogen"
to the Two Representatives of the Inspector
General's Office, 1 November 1949: NA RG
496/457. Letter, "Edwin K. Ellenbogen" to
General Thomas T. Handy, 18 February 1950:
NA RG 496/457. Letter, "E. K. Ellenbogen" to
General Thomas T. Handy, 2 April 1950: NA
RG
496/290/59/H/5-7 Box #457. Letter,
"Edwin Katzen Ellenbogen" to the Prison
Director, 7 January 1950: NA RG 496/457.
Letter, "Edwin Katzen Ellenbogen, " to
Commander-in-Chief,
United States Army,
Europe, 10 March 1953: NA RG 495/457.
Internal Route Slip, Subject Edwin Katzen-
Ellenbogen, 25 March 1953: TARG 496/457.
I. Lucette Matalon Lagnado and Sheila Cohn
Dekel, Children of the Flames (New York:
William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1991), p.
47. Miklos Nyiszli, Auschwitz: A DoctOT·'s
Eyewitness Account (New York: Arcade
Publishing, 1993), pp. 17-19.
2. Nyiszli, p. 19. RobertJay Lifton, The Nazi
Doeton: Medical Killing and the P'ychology of
Genocide (New York: Basic Books, 1986), p. 164.
3. Nyiszli, pp. 19, 52-54. Lifton, p. 166. Rudolf
Hoess, Com1Jlandant of Auscbwitz (New York:
Popular Library, 1959), pp. 176-177.
4. Lifton, p. 165 Edwin Black, IBM and the
Holocaust (New York: Crown Publishers,
2001),
pp.352-353.
5. Generally see Yisrael Gutman and M.ichael
Berenbaum, ed., Anatomy of the Auschwitz Deatb
Camp (Indianapolis: Indiana University Press,
(994). See Gerald Reitlinger, The Final Solntion
(New York: A.S. Barnes & Company,
Inc.,
1961), pp. 113-117. Also see Hoess, p. 183.
6. Lifton, pp. 169, 269-271, 360-363. [ yiszli, pp.
102, 103, 134-137.
7. Benno Muller-Hill, J\!ln-derous Science, G. R.
Fraser, trans. (Cold Spring Harbor, !'.ry: Cold
Spring Harbor Laboratory Press: 1998), p. 127.
BennoMuller-Hill, "The Blood from
Auschwitz and the Silence of the Scholars,
"
HistOTYand Philosophy of the Life Sciences Vol. 21
(1999), p. 332.
8. Henry Friedlander, The Origins of Nazi GeT/ocide
(Chapel Hill, NC: The University of Carolina
Press, 1995),
p. 14. Muller-Hill, Murd""Olts
Science pp. 216-217. "Notes and News,
"
Eugenical News vol. X (1925), p. 24. Paul J.
Weindling, Healtb, Race and Ge171lfl11Politics
Between National Unification and Nazi.rm, 1870-
1945 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
1989), p. 436.
9. Robert N. Proctor, Racial Hygiene: Medicine
U"d,
, · the Nazis (Cambridge, MA: Harvard
University Press, 1988), pp. 42-43, 81, 188.
Black, IBM and the Holocaust (New York: Crown
Publishers, 2001), p. 109. "Reich Health
Leader, " Who's Who in Nazi GeI71lfl11] (London:
Wiederfield and Nicols, 1982).
10. Proctor, pp. 10-\-105.
11. Black, pp. 93-95. "Verschuer's Instirute,
"
Eugenical News Vol. XX (1935), pp. 59-60.
Posner and Ware, pp. 11-12. Arthur L. Caplan,
ed., Wben Medicine Went lVlad (Totowa, NJ:
Humana Press, 1992), p. 28. Lifton, p. 27.
Weindling, pp. 526-530, 553. "Berlin: From
Our Regular Correspondent, " Journal of the
American Medical Association, Vol. 102 o. 8 (24
February 1934), p. 63 1. "Berlin: From Our
Regular Correspondent, " Journal of the
Ame1'ican Medical Association, Vol. 104 No. 22 (1
June 1933), p. 2011. "Berlin: From Our Regular
Correspondent, " J01l17lalof the Ame1'ican Medical
Association, Vol. 104 No. 23 (8 June 1935), p.
2110. "Berlin: From Our Regular Correspondent,
"
]0U17101 of the American Medicol Association,
Vol. 103 No. 13 (30 September 1936), p. 1052.
12. Muller-Hill, M, miel'ous Science, p. 12.
Proctor,
p. 81. Posner and Ware, p. 11.
13. Proctor, p. 259. Muller-Hill, "The Blood from
Auschwitz, " pp. 333, 334.
14. "Notes and News, " p. 24. "Archiv Fuer Rassen-
Und Gesellschafts-Biologie,
" Eugenical News
Vol. XI (1926), p. 9. "Archiv f. Rassen-U.
Gesellschafts-Biologie,
" Eugenical News Vol.
XII (1927), p. 180. "Meeting ofInternational
Federation of Eugenic Organizations,
"
Eugenical News Vol. XIII (1928), p. 129. See
"Archiv Fur Rassen-Und Gesellschafts-
Biologie, " E1Ige11icalNews Vol. XIII (1928), p.
32. See "Current Periodicals,
" Eugenical News
Vol. XIII (1928), p. 162.
15. "Berlin: From our Regular Correspondent,
"
J01l171alof the Amencan Medical Association Vol.
102 No. I (6January 1934), p. 57. "The
Inheritance of Tuberculosis, " Jou17lal of He1'edity
Oanuary 1934), p. 26. "Marriage Consultation
Centers in Central Europe,
" Eugenical Ne""'s
Vol. XIX (1934), p. 78. "Berlin: From our
Regular Correspondent, " Jou17Iai of the
Amel'ican Medical Association Vol. 103 NO.6 (1
September 1934), p. 767. "New German
Etymology for Eugenics,
" Eugeuical News Vol.
XIX (1934), p. 125. "German Eugenics, 1934,
"
Eugenical News Vol. XIX (1934), pp. 141-142.
16. "Verschuer's Instirute, " pp. 59-60.
17. Letter, CH. Danforth to Otmar yon Verschuer,
15 April 1936: Universitatsarchiv Munster:
Nachlass Verschuer Nr. 4. Letter, Henry H.
Goddard to Otmar yon Verschuer, 7July 1936:
Universitatsarchiv Munster: Nachlass
Verschuer Nr. 4, Letter, Paul Popenoe to
Otmar yon Verschuer, 16July 1936:
Universitatsarchiv Munster: Nach1ass
Verschuer
Nr. 4. Letter, E.S. Gosney to Otmar
yon Verschuer, 24May 1937: Universitatsarchiv
Munster: Nachlass Verschuer
Nr. 4. Letter, E.S.
Gosney to Otmar yon Verschuer, 15June 1937:
Universitatsarchiv Munster: Nachlass
Verschuer
r. 4. Letter, E.S. Gosney to Otmar
yon Verschuer, 26June 1937: Universitatsarchiv
Munster: Nachlass Verschuer Nr. 4.
18. Letter, Harry H. Laughlin to Otmar yon
Verschuer, 16June 1936: Universitatsarchiv
Munster: Nachlass Verschuer
Nr. 4. Letter,
Harry H. Laughlin to Otmar yon Verschuer, 23
July 1936: Universitatsarchiv MUnster:
Nachlass Verschuer Nr. 4.
19. Letter, Otmar yon Verschuer to Harry H.
Laughlin, 2 September 1936: Universitatsarchiv
Munster: Nachlass Verschuer Nr. 4.
20. "Verschuer's Instirute of Genetics and Race
Hygiene,
" Eugenical News Vol. XX (1935), p.
104. "Berlin: From Our Regular
Correspondent, " Journal of the Ame17can Medical
Association Vol. 103 No. 13 (30 September
1935), pp. 1052-1053. "Berlin: From Our
Regular Correspondent, " Journal ofthe
Ame1'ican Medical Association Vol. 106 NO.4 (23
January, 1935), p. 308.
21. Proctor, pp. 196-197. "The Hereditary Aspect
of Pathology,
" Eugenical News Vol. XXI (1936),
pp.21-22.
22. Letter, CM. Goethe to Otmar yon Verschuer,
15April 1937: Universitatsarchiv Munster:
Nachlass Verschuer Nr. 4. See letter, CM.
Goethe to Otmar yon Verschuer, 23 December
1937: Universitatsarchiv Munster: Nachlass
Verschuer Nr. 4. See letter, CM. Goethe to
Otmar yon Verschuer, 26 February 1938:
Universitatsarchiv MUnster: Nachlass
Verschuer Nt. 4. See letter, CM. Goethe to
Otmar yon Verschuer, 22 November 1938:
Universitatsarchiv MUnster: achlass
Verschuer Nr. 4.
23. Goethe tovon Verschuer, 23 December 1937.
24. Goethe to yon Verschuer, 26 February 1938.
Goethe to yon Verschuer, 22 ovember 1938.
Martin Gilbert,
The Holocaust (New York: Holt,
Rinehart and Winston, 1985), pp. 64-65.
25. Letter, CH. Danforth to Otmar yon Verschuer,
28 February 1939: Universitatsarchiv MUnster:
Nachlass Verschuer Nr. 4.
26. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Otmar yon
Verschuer, 15 December 1937:
Universitatsarchiv Munster: Nachlass
Verschuer
Nr. 4. Letter, Otmar yon Verschuer
to Charles B. Davenport, 5January 1938:
Universitatsarchiv Munster: Nachlass
Verschuer Nr. 4.
27. Weindling, pp. 559, 561. Gerald L. Posner and
John Ware, Mengele: The Complete Story (New
York: Cooper Square Press, 1986), pp. 9, 10-11.
Lifton, p. 339.
28. Posner and Ware, pp. 12-13. Muller-Hill,
MUl'del'ous Science, pp. 38,
128. Also see RG242,
RuSHA 1'01/ #D5462, beginning Fr. 2892.
29. Posner and Ware, pp. 12-13. Muller-Hill,
MUl'de1'OllSScience, pp. 38,
128. Muller-Hill,
"The Blood from Auschwitz, " pp. 336-33 7.
30. Muller-Hill, Murderous Scimce, pp. 128, 163.
31. RuSHA roll #05462. Posner and Ware, p. 14.
Lifton, p. 340. Universitats-Instirut Erbbiologie
und Rassenhygiene, memorandum of 30
September 1938: BAK: R 73 Alete 15342.
32. Letter, rector of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe-
Universitat to the Reichsminister fur
Wissenschaft, Erziehung und Volksbildung, 17
December 1938: BAK: R 4901 Alete 3016 Blatt
2-6. Letter, Otmar von Verschuer to
Reichsminister fur Wissenschaft, Erziehung
und Volksbildung, 29 November 1938:BAK R
4901 Alete 3016 Blatt 2-6. Letter, Dr. H. Schade
to Reichsminister fur Wissenschaft, Erziehung
und Volksbildung, 17 December 1938: BAK: R
4901 Alete3016 Blatt 2-6. Letter, rector of the
Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universitat to the
Reichsminister fur Wissenschaft, Erziehung
und Volksbildung, 16 December 1938: BAK:R
4901 Alete3016 Blatt
2-6. Letter, Otmarvon
Verschuer to the rector of the Johann Wolfgang
Goethe-Universitat, 8 December 1938: BAK: R
4901 Akte 3016 Blatt
2-6. Report,
Reichsminister fur Wissenschaft, Erziehung
und Volksbildung, 25 July 1939, pp. 184-187:
BAK: R 4901 Alete 3016 Blatt 2-6.
33. Posner and Ware, p. 16. "Universitats-Instirut
fur Erbbiologie und Rassenhygiene Frankfurt
a.M. Gartenstr.14O (Deutschland), " memorandum
circa January 1939: Universitatsarchiv
Miinster: Nachlass Verschuer Nr. 4.
"Geburtstagsliste, " circa 1940:
Universitatsarchiv Miinster: Nachlass
Verschuer, Nr. 4.
34. Posner and Ware, pp. 14-15, 328 f. 19, 328 f. 20.
35. Posner and Ware, pp. 16-17. Muller-Hill,
Murderous Science, p. 226 f. 144.
36. Weindling, pp. 557-558. Gilbert, pp. 154, 176.
37. Miiller-Hill, pp. 17, 48-49, 53-54.
38. Weindling, pp. 557-558.
39. Proctor, pp. 43-44. Otmar von Verschuer,
Leitfadm d,
, · Rassenhygiene (Leipzig, 1941), p.
127 as cited by Proctor, p.
211. Muller-Hill,
Murd"'oltS Science, p. 226 f 144.
"Geburtstagsliste. "
40. Muller-Hill, Mu!"deroltSScience, p. 226 f. 144.
41. "Wanted, Photographs ofT wins, " }oul7lal of
Heredity (Oct. 1918), p. 262. Columbia
Encyclopedia,
6"' ed., s.v. "multiple birth."
42. Francis Galton, "The History of Twins, as a
Criterion of the Relative Powers ofNarure and
Nurrure, " }oul71al of the Anth"opological
1ctStitute,
(1875), pp. 391, 392-393.
43. '''Probably Mendelian' and 'Clearly Hereditary'
traits, " lantern slide circa 1921: Truman
Lantern Slides, Brown Box 835. Charles B.
Davenport, H"'edity In Relation To Eugenics
(New York: Henry Holt & Company, 1911;
reprint, ew York: Arno Press Inc., 1972), p.
180. Erwin Baur, Eugen
Fischer and Fritz Lenz,
Human H"'edity, 3, dEd., trans. Eden & Cedar
Paul ew York:The
MacMillan Company,
1931), pp. 554-555.
44. "Index, " Eugenical News Vol. I (1916), p. 93.
"Notes on Genetics,
" Eugenical News Vol. I
(1916), p. 67. "Sex of Twins, " Eugenical News
Vol. II (1917), p. 5. "Special Data Wanted,
"
Eugenical News Vol. II (1917), p. 54.
45. "Wanted, Photographs of Twins, " p. 262. "Six
Hundred Twins Already Discovered, " }oul71al of
Hmdity (May 1919), p. 210.
46. Eugenics Record Office, "Schedule No. 10:
Schedule for the Srudy ofT-vins, " circa 1918:
APS Series l: PDR and Correspondence. "A
Strain Producing Multiple Births, " }oul71al of
Heredity (Nov. 1919), p. 382." otes and
News,
" Eugmical News, Vol. VI (1921), p. 32.
47. "The Pendleton Twins, " Eugenical News Vol. In
(1918), p. 77. "Twins in Russia,
" Eugenical News
Vol. IV (1919), p. 52.
48. "1I-2-a Racial differences in twin frequency,
"
undated lecture notes: APS B:D27 Davenport-
Twins #4. "Twins in the Census,
" Eugenical
News Vol. IV (1920), p. 16. Charles B.
Davenport and Morris Steggerda, Race C"ossing
ill Jamaica (Washington: Carnegie Instirution of
Washington, 1929), pp. 445-452.
49. "Diagnosing Twin Pregnancy With
Stethoscope,
" Eugenical News Vol.vn (1922), p.
48. "Similar Tumors in 1\vins, " E'llgc1licn/1Vews
Vol. VII (1922), p. 71.
50. "How to Tell Identical Twins, " Eugmical News
Vol. Xl (1926), p. 41. H.J. Muller, "The
Determination of Twin Identity, " }OU17101of
Hmdity Vol. XVII NO.6 Gune 1926), p. 195.
Paul Popenoe, "Twins Reared Apart, " }oul71al of
Hmdity Vol. XIII NO.3 (March 1922), p. 142.
See "A New Study of Twins (A Review),
"
}oul71al of Hmdity Vol. XV NO.4 (April 1924),
p. 165. See "Causes of Twinning, " }ou17lal of
Heredity Vol. XlV NO.8 (November 1923), p.
370. See "Eugenic Srudies in Scandinavia,
"
Eugmical News Vol. VIII (1923), p. 52. See
"Fact and Fiction,
" Eug", ical News Vol. VIII
(1923), p. 71. See "A Father of Twins,
"
Eugmical News Vol. IX (1924), p. 3. See
"Parallel Behavior,
" Eugenical News Vol. X
(1925), p. 46.
51. Paul Popenoe and Roswell Hill Johnson,
Applied Eugmics rev. ed. (New York:Macmillan,
1935), p. 6. Baur, Fischer, and Lenz, pp. 554-
555, 557, 590-591.
52. R.A. Fisher, "New Data on the Genesis of
Twins, " in Eugenics, Genetics and the Family:
Volume I: Scientific Pape" of the Secolld
Ime17lational Congress of Eugmics (Baltimore:
Williams & Wilkins Co., 1923), p. 195. "Booth
2-Physical Anthropometry,
" Eugmical News
Vol. XVII (1932), p. 142.
53. Alfred Gordon, "The Problems of Heredity and
Eugenics, " Euge1lical News Vol. XX (1935), pp.
50, 52-53. "Identical Twins,
" Eugenical News
Vol. XIX (1934), p. 134.
54. Letter, John William Draper to Charles B.
Davenport, 30 December 1924: APS B:D27:
Davenport - John William Draper #3. Letter,
Charles B. Davenport
to John William Draper,
9 January 1925: APS B:D27: Davenport - John
William Draper #3.
55. "Notes and News, " Euge1lical News Vol. XII
(1927), p. 164. "Twins With Tuberculosis (Rev.
of Diehl and Verschuer, Zwillingstuberkulose),
"
Journal of Hmdity Vol. XXVIII NO.3 (March
1937), pp. 91-96. "On the Inheritance of
Darwin's Tubercle, " Euge1lical News Vol. XX
(1935), pp. 3-4. See "Eugenics in Germany,
"
Euge1lical News Vol. XIX (1934), p. 42.
56. "Berlin: From Our Regular Correspondent,
"
Journal of the American Medical Association Vol.
106 NO.4 (23 January 1936), p. 308.
57. Weindling, p. 555. "The Hereditary Aspect of
Pathology,
" Eugenical News Vol. XXI (1936), pp.
21-22. "Verschuer's Institute,
" Eugenical News
Vol. XXI (1936), pp. 59-60.
58. Paul Popenoe, "Twins and Criminals, " Journal
of Heredity Vol. XXVII No. 10 (October 1936),
pp.388-390.
59. "Universitats-Institut fur Erbbiologie und
Rassenhygiene Frankfurt a.M. Gartenstr. 140
(Deutschland)."
60. "Bericht iiber die imJahre 1938 bisher
durchgefuhrten und fur die nachste Zeit
geplanten Forschungen, " 30 September 1938:
BAK: R 73 Akte 15342.
61. Ziehl1ld U1egVol. 14, NO.9 (1939), p. 449.
62. Tage U.H. Ellinger, "On the Breeding of
Aryans, " Journal of Hi!1'edityVol. XXXIII NO.4
(April 1942), p. 141.
63. Ellinger, pp. 141-142.
64. Ziel't1ld U1egVol. 14, NO.9 (1939), p. 449.
"Wehrmachtsauftragsnummer: S 4891-5378,
"
undated report: BAK: R 73 Akte 15342, Blatt
64.
65. Miiller-Hill, Mlwderous Scie1lce, p. 76. "Bericht
iiber die Fortfuhrung der erbpsychologischen
Forschung, " 14 March 1944: BAK: R 73 Akte
15342, Blatt 66.
66. "Wehrrnachtsauftragsnummer: S 4891-5378."
Posner and Ware, p.
67. Lagnado and Dekel, p. 47.
68. Lagnado and Dekel, p. 51.
69. Lagnado and Dekel, p. 45.
70. Lagnado and Dekel, p. 47.
71. Lagnado and Dekel, p. 55.
72. Lagnado and Dekel, p. 31.
73. Lagnado and Dekel, p. 36.
74. Posner and Ware, pp. 36, 43. Lagnado and
Dekel, p. 42. yiszli, p. 60.
75. Nyiszli, pp. 19, 23, 56-58.
77. Nyiszli, pp. 31-32, 58.
78. Posner and Ware, p. 27. Lifton, pp. 164-165,
342-343. Nyiszli, pp. 132-133.
79. Lifton, p. 342. Nyiszli, p. 57. Posner and
Ware,
pp. 48, 49. Testimony of Vera Alexander at the
Jerusalem tribunal ofjosefMengele, February
1985 as cited by Helena Kubica, "The Crimes
of Josef Menge Ie, " in Gutman and Berenbaum,
p. 324. Lagnado and Dekel, pp. 58-59, 64, 67.
80. Lifton, p. 343. Posner and Ware, p. 45. Gisella
Perl, J Was a Doctor in Auschwitz (New York:
International Universities Press, 1948), pp.
110-111 as cited by Posner and Ware, pp. 46-
47.
81. Nyiszli, p. 58. Lagnado and Dekel, pp. 66, 70-
71. Posner and Ware, pp. 36-37, 40. Testimony
of unnamed survivor at the Jerusalem tribunal
of Josef Menge Ie, February 1985as cited by
Posner and Ware, pp. 37-38.
82. Testimony of Vera Alexander as cited in
Gutman and Berenbaum, p. 324.
84. Nyiszli, pp. 59, 61, 132.
85. Lifton, p. 355. Lagnado and Dekel, p. 61.
Gilbert, p. 687.
86. Lifton, p. 360. Nyiszli, pp. 56, 57, 102-103.
Herrnann Langbein, Menschen in Auschwitz
(Vienna: Europaverlag, 1972) as cited by Lifton,
p. 362. Lagnado and Dekel, p. 65.
87. Lagnado and Dekel, pp. 59-60.
89. Nyiszli, p. II. Gilbert, p. 756.
90. "Bericht iiber die Fortfuhrung der erbpsychologischen
Forschung."
92. Nyiszli, pp. 175-181.
94. "Hereditary Eye Defects, " Eugenical News Vol.
XVIII (1933), pp. 43-44. See "Twins: Like and
Unlike,
" Eugenical News Vol. XXII (1937), pp.
119-120. See" II. Myopia in Identical Twins,
"
Eugenical News Vol. XXII (1937), p. 64.
95. "Supplement to Schedule for the Study of
Twins, " attachment to letter, Harry F. Perkins
to Harry H. Laughlin, 29 May 1936: Truman
D-2-4:2.
97. Testimony ofJancu Vexler before Judge Horst
von Glasenapp, 13 March 1973 as cited by
Kubica in Gutman and Berenbaum, p. 326.
"Israel Visions of Hell: Pursuing the 'Angel of
Death'" Time Magazine, 18 February 1985.
99. Karin Magnussen, "Bericht uber die
Durchrihrung der Arbeiten zur Erforsonung
der Erbbedingtheit der Entwicklung der
Augenfarbe als Grundlage fur Rassen-und
Abstammungsuntersuchungen, " 15 March
1944: BAK: R 73 Akte 15342 Blatt 68.
100. Muller-Hill, Murderous Science, pp. 171-172.
101. "Vernehmung: Vorgeladen erscheint Frau Dr.
Karin Magnussen, geb.
9.2.08 in Bremen,
wohnhaft Bremen, Hagenanerstrasse 7, " 2 5
May 1949: Max Planck Archive Abt. I,
Rep. 3,
Nr.26.
102. Nso see Major Leonard Darwin, "First Steps
Towards Eugenic Reform, " Eugenics Revie'w,
Vol. 4 (ca, April 1912), pp 34-35 as selected in
G. K. Chesterton,
Eugenics and Other Evils,
edited by and including additional articles
selected by Michael W. Perry (Seattle, WA:
Inkling Press, 2000), pp 144-145. Nso see
"Berlin: From Our Regular Correspondent,
"
Journal of the American Medical Association Vol.
104 No. 23 (8June 1935), p. 2110.
103. Charles B. Davenport, "Research in Eugenics,
"
in Eugenics, Genetics and the Family, p. 25,
104. "Fifth International Congress of Genetics,
"
Eugenical Nf7lJSVol. XII (1927), p. 152.
"Radiogram to Gregg, 13May 1932: RF 1.1 Ser
7171 Box 10 Folder 63,
105. Tracy B. Kittredge, "Progress Report: Grant
to Notgemeinschaft for Anthropological
Studies of the Population of Gernlany, " 10June
1933: RF 1.171720187. Letter, I orma S.
Thompson to Schmidt-Ott, 14November
1929: RF l.l 71720187.
106. "Genetics: Blood Groups of Twins, " Eugenical
Nf7lJSVol. XX (1935), p. 41.
107. Paul J. Weindling, "From Philanthropy to
International Science Policy: Rockefeller
Funding of Biomedical Sciences in Germany
1920-1940, " in TicolaasA. Rupke, ed.,
Science,
Politics and the Puhlic Good: Essays in Honor of
Mmgaret Gowing (New York:Macmillan
Press,
1988), pp. 129, 133, 135. Letter, Raymond B.
Fosdick to Selskar M. Gunn, 6June 1939: RF
1.171716150.
108. Weindling, Health, Race and Gmnan Politics
Between National Unification and Nazism, 1870-
/945, pp. 560-561.
109. Muller-Hill, Murd""ollS Science, p.
76,
"Wehrmachtsauftragsnummer: S 4891-5378."
110. Unidentified survivor as cited by Posner and
Ware,
p. 37, Lagnado and Dekel, pp. 62, 66.
III. Lagnado and Dekel, p. 37. Muller-Hill,
Murd""ollS Science, p,
128,
112. Posner and Ware, p. 52.
113. Muller-Hill, MU1'lI""ollSScimce, p. 169.
114. Muller-Hill, Mll1·de>·OllSScience, pp.
169-170,
115. David A. Hackett, ed. and trans., The
Buchmwald Repm"t (Boulder, CO: Westview
Press, 1995), pp. 72, 369-370.
116. See Joachim C. Fest, The Face of the Thi, ·d
Reich: Pmtraits of the Nazi Leadership (New York:
Pantheon Books, 1970), p. 379 f. 44. See Heinz
Hahne, The Order of the Death~ Head: The Story
of Hitler~ SS (New York: Coward-McCann,
1970), p. 157. See author's communication with
Harry w: Mazal, 10 February 2003.
117. H. Nachtsheim, "Bericht uber die im Halbjahr
1943/44 im Auftrage des Reichsforschungsrates
durchgefuhrten Untersuchungen zur vergleichenden
und experimentellen Erbpathologie,
"
15March 1944: BAK: R 73, Akte 15342, Blatt
61-63.
118, Nachtsheim, "Bericht."
119. "Wehrmachtsauftragsnummer: SS 4891-
5377, " undated report: BAK:
R 73, Akte 15342,
Blatt 65.
120. Michael Shevell, "Racial Hygiene, Active
Euthanasia, andJulius Hallervorden, " Neurology
42 (November 1992), pp. 2214, 2216, Michael
Shevell, "Reply from the Author, " Neurology 43
Ouly 1993), p. 1453. Peter S. Harper, "Naming
of Syndromes and Unethical Activities: The
Case of Hallervorden and Spatz, " Lancet 348
(1996), p. 1224, Muller-Hill,
Murderous Science,
p. 244. jUrgen Peiffer, " Teuropathology in the
Third Reich, " Brain Pathology 1(1991), p. 127.
12I. Shevell, pp. 2216-2217.
122. Letter, Thomas B. Appleget to Frederick
Strauss, 14Apri11936: RF 1.1717958.
Weindling, "From Philanthropy to International
Science Policy, " p. 133. Letter, Dr.
Telschow to Dr. Hoffmann, 27 July 1938: Max
Planck Archive 1.Abt., Rep lA, Nr. 106112.
Kristie Macrakis, Sll11Jiving the Swastika:
Scientific Research in Nazi Gennany (New York:
Oxford University Press, 1993), pp. 85-86.
123. "Narural Sciences-Program and Policy: Past
Program and Proposed Future Program, " pp.
79-80: RF RG 3.1915 16. Diane B. Paul, "The
Rockefeller Foundation and the Origins of
Behavior Genetics, " in Keith R. Benson, Jane
Maienschein and Ronald Rainger, eds., The
Expansion of A"lerican
Biology (New Brunswick,
NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1991), p. 266.
124. "Natural Sciences, " p, 80.
125. Lagnado and Dekel, pp. 89, 92.
I. Gerald L. Posner and John Ware, Mengele: The
Cm"plete Story (New York: Cooper Square
Press, 2000), pp. 57-64, 91, 93, 94. Office of
Special Investigations, "United TationsWar
Crimes List, Number 8" as cited by Posner and
Ware, p. 63. "Universitats-Institut fur
Erbbiologie und Rassenhygiene Frankfurt a.M,
Gartenstr.140 (Deutschland), " memorandum
circa January 1939: Universitatsarchiv Munster:
Namlass Verschuer Nr. 4.
2. Onnar yon Verschuer, "Beviilkc17l1lgS- und
Rnssenfrage in Europa,
" Ellropiiischer
Wissenschaftsdienst, I (1944), pp. 11-14 as cited
by Benno Muller-Hill, "The Blood from
Auschwitz and the Silence of the Scholars,
"
Histmy and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Vol. 21
(1999), p. 335, Muller-Hill, p. 348.
3. Max Planck Archiv: Nachlass Nachtsheim as
cited by Miiller-Hill, p. 348.
4. Generally see James P. O'Donnell, The Bunkn':
The Histmy oft"e Reich Chancel/ny Group (New
York: Bantam Books, 1978).
5. "Vertriebene Wissenschaft: Deutsche Gelehrte,
die ins Ausland gingen, " Die Neue Zeitlmg 15
April 1946. "Kunst und Kultur in Kiirze, " Die
Neue Zeitlmg 3 May 1946. Miiller-Hill, p. 350.
Letter, Oonar von Verschuer to Pau.l Popenoe,
28 August, 1946: Universitatsarchiv Miinster:
achlass Verschuer, Ir.4.
6. "Personalien v.Verschuer. ": Max Planck
Archiv: II Abt. Rep. 000 lA as cited by Miiller-
Hill pp. 350-351.
7. "Personalien v.Verschuer." as cited by Miiller-
Hill pp. 350-351.
8. "Personalien v. Verschuer." as cited by Miiller-
Hill p. 351.
9. "Personalien v.Verschuer." as cited by Miiller-
Hill p. 351. Miiller-Hill, p. 351.
10. Letter, Paul Popenoe to Otmar yon Verschuer,
25 July 1946: Universitatsarchiv Miinster:
Nachlass Verschuer,
Nr. 4. Letter, Otmar yon
Verschuer to Paul Popenoe, (sic) 31 September
1946: Universitatsarcruv Miinster: Nachlass
Verschuer, Nr. 4.
II. Verschuer to Popenoe, 28 August, 1946.
12.Yon Verschuer to Popenoe, (sic) 31 September
1946.
13. Letter, Paul Popenoe to Otmar yon Verschuer,
7 November 1946: Universiratsarchiv Miinster:
Nachlass Verschuer, Ir. 4. Letter, Fritz Lenz to
Otmar yon Verschuer, 14 September 1946:
Universitatsarchiv Miinster: Nachlass
Verschuer, Nr. 4.
14. Letter, Paul Popenoe to Otmar yon Verschuer,
8 February 1947: Universitatsarcruv Miinster:
Nachlass Verschuer,
Nr. 4. Letter, Otmar yon
Verschuer to Paul Popenoe, 26 February 1947:
Universitatsarchiv Miinster: Nachlass Verschuer,
Nr. 4. Letter, Paul Popenoe to Otmar
yon Verschuer, 12May 1947: Universitatsarchiv
Miinster: Nachlass Verschuer,
Nr. 4. See letter,
Otmar yon Verschuer to Paul Popenoe, 20
December 1946: Universiratsarchiv Miinster:
Nachlass Verschuer, Nr. 4.
15. Letter, Paul Popenoe to Otmar yon Verschuer,
29 October 1947: Universitatsarchiv Miinster:
Nachlass Verschuer, Nr. 4. Letter, CM. Goethe
to Otmar yon Verschuer, 16 April 1948:
Universitatsarchiv Miinster: Nachlass
Verschuer,
Nr. 4. See letter, Otmar yon
Verschuer to Lee R. Dice, 18 September 1947:
Universitatsarchiv Miinster: achlass
Verschuer,
Nr. 4. See letter, Otmar yon
Verschuer to Lee R. Dice, 12January 1948:
Universitatsarchiv Miinster: Nachlass
Verschuer, Nr. 4. See letter, Lee R. Dice to
Otmar yon Verschuer, 27 February 1948:
Universitatsarchiv Miinster: Nachlass
Verschuer,
Nr. 4. See letter, Otmar yon
Verschuer to Lee R. Dice, 21 April 1948:
Universitatsarchiv Miinster: Nachlass
Verschuer,
Nr. 4. See letter, Otmar yon
Verschuer to the "Charles Fremont Dight
Institute for the Study of Human Genetics, " 12
August 1948: Universitatsarchiv Miinster:
Nachlass Verschuer, Nr. 4.
16. Miiller-Hill, pp. 351-352. Letter, yon Lewinski
to Heubner 23 December 1946 as cited by
Miiller-Hill, pp. 351-352. "Abschrift.
Denkschrift betreffend Herrn Prof. Dr. med.
Otmar Frhr. v.Verschuer, " as cited by Miiller-
Hill, pp. 352-353.
17. Miiller-Hill, p. 355. American Society of
Human Genetics, "ASHG
Past Presidents,
1948-2004, " at
www.faseb.org.
18. Miiller-Hill, pp. 354-355. Generally see Otmar
yon Verschuer and E. Kober, Die Fmge der
"'blichen Disposition zum K"ebs (Mainz: Verlag
der Akademie der Wissenschaft und der
Literatur, 1956).
19. Author's interview with Dr. Kurt Hirschhorn,
12 February 2003.
20. "Personalien v.Verschuer." as cited by Miiller-
Hill p. 351. Miiller-Hill, pp. 351, 354, 355.
21. "Universitats-Institut fur Erbbiologie und
Rassenhygiene Frankfurt a.M. Gartenstr.140
(Deutschland), " memorandum circa January
1939: Universitatsarchiv Miinster: Nachlass
Verschuer Nr. 4. Nachlass yon Verschuer as
cited by Miiller-Hill, p. 348. Karin Magnussen,
"Bericht iiber die Durchrihrung der Arbeiten
zur Erforsonung der Erbbedingrheit der
EntwickJung der Augenfarbe als GrundJage fur
Rassen-und Abstammungsuntersuchungen, " 15
March 1944: BAK:R 73 Akte 15342 Blatt 68.
22. "Medical Experiments of the Holocaust and
Nazi Medicine, " at www.remember.org. Peter
Tyson, "The Experiments, " at
www.pbs.org.
23. Leo Alexander as quoted by Barry Siegel, "Can
Evil Beget Good? Nazi Data: A Dilemma for
Science, " Los Angeles Times, 30 October 1988.
24. NII1'nnbng Militmy Tribunal, G"een Book, Volume
I, p. 421. Anti-Defamation League, "Library
Won't Be Named for lazi Scientist, Air Force
Assures ADL, " press release of 14 February
2003.
25. "Library Won't Be Named for Nazi Scientist,
Air Force Assures ADL." "Objections lead
OSU to remove picture of Nazi, " Daily II/ini 29
October 1993. Cable News Network, "U.S.
News Briefs, " 24 September 1995.
26. New Mexico Museum of Space History,
"International Space Hall of Fame: Hubertus
Strughold, " at www.spacefame.org. Author's
interview with New Mexico Museum of Space
History, 13 February 2003.
27. Michael Shevell, "Racial Hygiene, Active
Euthanasia, and Julius Hallervorden,
" Neu.-olog;y
42 (November 1992), pp. 2214. National
Institute
of Neurological Disorders and Stroke,
"The First Scientific Workshop of
Hallervorden-Spatz Syndrome, " at
www.ninds.nih.gov.
28. Rubin 1.Kuzniecl'}' and Bradley K. Evans,
"Julius Hallervorden: To the Editor,
" Neurolog;y
43 Guly 1993), p. 1452. Peter S. Harper,
"Naming of Syndromes and Unethical
Activities: The Case of Hallervorden and
Spatz,
" Loncet 348 (1996), pp. 1224, 1225.
29. NBIA Disorders Association, "Welcome to the
NBIA Disorders Association Homepage, " at
www.hssa.org. Author's interview with Patricia
Wood, 12 February 2003. NBIA Disorders
Association, "NBIA Frequently Asked
Questions, " at
www.hssa.org.
30. "The First Scientific Workshop of
Hallervorden-Spatz Syndrome." National
Institute of Health, "NlNDS Hallervorden-
Spatz Disease Information Page, " at
www.ninds.nih.gov.
31. "Brain sections to be buried'" Nature Vol. 339
(15June 1989), p. 498. Wolfgang Neugebauer
and Georg Stacher, "Nazi Child 'Euthanasia' in
Vienna and the Scientific Exploitation ofIts
Victims before and after 1945, " Digestive
Diseases 17 (1999), pp. 282, 283. Dr. William E.
Seidelman, "Medicine and Murder in the Third
Reich, " Dimensions: A JounIol of Holocaust
Studies Vol. 13 No. I (1999).
32.]iirgen Peiffer, "Neuropathology in the Third
Reich: Memorial to those Victims of National-
Socialist Atrocities in Germany who were Used
by Medical Science, " Brain Patholog;y
I (1991),
pp.125-126.
1. E. Carleton MacDowell, "Charles Benedict
Davenport, 1866-1944. A Study of Conflicting
Influences, " BIOS vol. XVII, no. 1, pp. 4, 8,
33,
34, 36.
2. MacDowell, no. I, p. 36.
3. Charles B. Davenport, Heredity In Relation To
Eugenics (New York: Henry Holt & Company,
1911; reprint, New
York: Arno Press Inc.,
1972), pp. 253-254.
4. "Personals, " Eugenical News Vol. I (1916), p. 65.
MacDowell,
p. 36. See McGill University,
"Symptoms [of Polio): at
sprojects.mmi .mcgiIl.ca.
5. MacDowell, p. 34. Letter, Charles B. Davenport
to WM. Gilbert, 29 June 1934: CSH:
CIW Charles Davenport Corresp. 1933-34.
Letter, A.F. Blakeslee to Charles B. Davenport,
5July 1934: CSH: CIW Charles Davenport
Corresp. 1933-34. Letter, Charles B. Daven-
port to John C. Merriam, 29 June 1934: CSH:
CIW Charles Davenport Corresp. 1933-34.
6. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to A.F. Blakeslee,
19July 1934: CSH: CIW Charles Davenport
Corresp. 1933-34. MacDowell, p. 34. See
Charles B. Davenport, "Harry Hamilton
Laughlin: 1880-1943,
" Eugenical News Vol.
XXVIII (1943), p. 43.
7. MacDowell, p. 37. See The Whaling Museum
Society, Inc., "Second Annual Report, " 29 July
1944.
9. See C.B. Davenport and AJ. Rosanoff, "Reply
to the Criticism of Recent American Work by
Dr. Heron of the Galton Laboratory, " Eugenics
Record Office Bulletin No. 11 (Cold Spring
Harbor, NY: Eugenics Record Office, 1914).
See Ezekiel Cheever, School Issues (Baltimore:
Warwick & York, Inc., 1924): CIW Genetics:
Eugenics Record Office Misc. Correspondence
20f2.
10. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Harry H.
Laughlin, 16 April 1928 as cited by Frances
Janet Hassencahl, "Harry H. Laughlin, 'Expert
Eugenics Agent' for the House Committee on
Immigration and Naturalization, 1921 to
1931." (Ph. D. diss., Case Western Reserve
University, 1970), p. 329.
11. Davenport to Laughlin, 16 April 1928, as cited
by Hassencahl, p. 329.
12. Hassencahl, pp. 330-331. AV J<jdder,
"Memorandum for Dr. Merriam re Meeting of
advisory committee on Eugenics Record
Office, " circa February 1929: Truman C-2-3:3.
14. Contract regarding Eugenical News, 20
November 1938: Truman C-2-3:3. Harry H.
Laughlin, "Memoranda on Origin of the
Eugenical News and the Relation of the
Eugenics Record Office and the Eugenics
Research Association in its Publication, " 1I
September 1934: Truman C-2-2:2.
15. Laughlin, "Memoranda on Origin of the
Eugenical News."
16. Laughlin, "Memoranda on Origin of the
Eugenical News."
17. Letter, Harry H. Laughlin to AV J<jdder, 30
October 1934: Truman C-2-2:2. Letter, Harry
H. Laughlin to AV J<jdder, 5 November 1934:
Truman C-2-2:2.
18. Letter, AV J<jdder to Harry H. Laughlin, I
November 1934: Truman C-2-2:2. Letter, AV
J<jdder to Harry H. Laughlin, 3 ovember
1934:Truman C-2-2:2.
19. "Report of the advisory committee on the
Eugenics Record Office, " circa June 1935, pp.
1, 6-7: Truman C-2-2:2.
20. "Report of the advisory committee, " pp. 2, 3.
21. "Report of the advisory committee, " pp. 2, 3.
22. "Report of the advisory committee, " pp. 3-5, 6.
23. "Report of the advisory committee, " p. 6.
24. "Report of the advisory committee, " p. 1.
Letter, L.c. Dunn to John C. Merriam, 3 July
1935: Truman C-2-2:2.
25. Dunn to Merriam, 3 July 1935.
26. Dunn to Merriam, 3 July 1935.
27. Generally see David S. Wyman, Paper Walls
(Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts
Press,
1968). Also see letter, Vannevar Bush to
Harry H. Laughlin, 22 March 1939: Truman C-
4-3:1.
28. Harry H. Laughlin, "Eugenics in Germany,
"
Eugenical News Vol. XXII (1937), pp. 65-66. "A
New Gemlan Eugenical Quarterly,
" Eugenical
News Vol. XXII (1937), p. 88. "The Twenty-
Fifth Annual Meeting of the Eugenics Research
Association,
" Eugenical News Vol. XXII (1937),
pp. 66-67. "\VllO Knows the Answer'"
Eugenical News Vol. XXII (1937), pp. 48-49. See
Martin S. Pernick, Tbe Black Stork: Eugenics and
the Denth of "Defective " Babies in American
Medicine and Motion Pimt1'es Since 1915 (New
York: Oxford University Press, 1996), pp. 164-
166.
29, Martin Gilbert, Tbe Holocaust (New York: Holt,
llinehart and ~rmston, 1985), pp. 64-65.
Rudolph M. Binder, "Germany's Population
Policy,
" Eugenical News Vol. XXIII (1938), pp.
113-116. Lucy Dawidowicz, Tbe Wo>'Against
TbeJews, /933-1945 (New York: Bantam
Books, 1975), pp. 128-129.
30. Letter, Vannevar Bush to Harry H. Laughlin, 4
January 1939: Truman D-2-3: 13. Bush to
Laughlin, 22 March 1939.
31. Postcard, William A. E1am to Harry H.
Laughlin, 9 July 1939: Truman C-4-3:1.
32. Harry H. Laughlin, Immigration and Conquest: A
Rep071:ofTbe Special Committee on Immigmtion
and Natltmlization of tbe ChO>llbel'of Commel'ce of
tbe State of New York (New York: The Special
Committee on Immigration and Naturalization
of the Chamber of Commerce of the State of
Jew York, 1939), pp. i, 8, 9.
33. Laughlin, hmlligration and Conquest, p. 20.
"Conquest by Immigration (Sent to the following),
"
circa 1939: Truman C-4-3:1.
34. Contract regarding Eugenical NC"<1J2s0,
November 1938. Letter, Vannevar Bush to
Harry H, Laughlin, 4 May 1939 as cited by
Kevles, p. 199. See Eugenical News Vol. XXIII
(1938) as compared to Eugenical Nnvs Vol.
XXIV (1939). See Carnegie Institution of
vVashington, "Memorandum Regarding Mail
Addressed to the Genetics Record Office (formerly
Eugenics Record Office, " circa 1940:
CSH GRO
Correspondence 1940. See letter,
Harry H. Laughlin to John B. Trevor, 18
November 1939: Truman C-2-4:10. See
"Independence of the Eugenics Record Office,
"
memorandum circa 1940: Truman C-2-4:10,
See "Tentative Plan for a Laboratory of
ationa1 Eugenics at Cold Spring Harbor,
Long Island, " memorandum circa 1940:
Truman C-2-4: 10. See "Private Notes for
Senator Walcott on the Eugenics Record
Office, " memorandum circa 1940: Truman C-
2-4:10.
35. Davenport, "Harry Hamilton Laughlin: 1880-
1943, " pp. 42, 43. Hassencahl, p. 356. Truman
Library, "Harry H. Laughlin biography, " at
library, truman.edu.
36. Hassencahl, pp. 65-66. See Daniel]. Kevles, In
The Name of Eugenics, (Cambridge, MA:
Harvard University Press, 1985), p. 199.
37. See Harry H. Laughlin, secretary, Bulletin No.
lOA: Tbe Repo" of tbe Committee to Stttdy and to
Report on tbe Best Practical Means of Cutting Off
tbe Defective Ge17lt-Plosm in the Al11e11can
Population (Cold Spring Harbor: Cold Spring
Harbor, 1914), pp. 12, 13, 16, 17, 18, 25, 45-47.
38. "Memorandum Regarding Mail Addressed to
the Genetics Record Office (formerly Eugenics
Record Office)."
39. "Memorandum Regarding Mail Addressed to
the Genetics Record Office (fonnerly Eugenics
Record Office)." Letter, Elizabeth M. Howe to
Charles B. Davenport, 19 February 1940: CSH
GRO Correspondence 1940. Letter, Albert F.
Blakeslee to Elizabeth M. Howe, 23 February
1940: CSH GRO
Correspondence 1940,
40. Letter, Albert F. Blakeslee to H. C. Coryell, 12
March 1940: CSH GRO Correspondence
1940. See letter, Albert F. Blakeslee to Owen
Hannant, 2 March 1940: CSH GRO
Correspondence 1940. See letter, Albert F.
Blakeslee to Mrs. W: D. Dobson, 2 March 1940:
CSH GRO
Correspondence 1940. See letter,
Albert F. Blakeslee to H. Earl Trobaugh, 6 April
1940: CSH GRO Correspondence 1940. See
letter, "Secretary to the Director" to Hiram H.
Maxim, 30 March 1953: CSH GRO
Correspondence 1947-54. See Laughlin to
Trevor, 18 November 1939. See "Independence
of the Eugenics Record Office."
41. Letter, jane Arnold Betts to the Eugenics
Record Office, 29 February 1944: CSH GRO
Correspondence 1942-45. Letter, M. Demerec
to Jane Arnold Betts, 7 March 1944: CSH GRO
Correspondence 1942-45. See letter, Blakeslee
to Hannant, 2 March 1940, See letter, Blakeslee
to Dobson, 2 March 1940. See letter, Blakeslee
to Trobaugh, 6 April 1940. See letter, M.
Demerec to Abraham Sohulman, 29 April 1946:
CSH GRO
Correspondence 1942-45. See letter,
M. Demerec to Mrs.JamesA. Bruun, 5
May 1953: CSH GRO Correspondence 1947-
54. See letter, "Secretary to the Director" to
Mrs. Fred Gillum, 26January 1954: CSH GRO
Correspondence 1947-54. See letter, Agnes C.
Fisher to Minnie]. Williams, 24 April 1959:
CSH GRO
Correspondence 1955-62. See letter,
"Secretary to Director" to Donald Clough
McCaffree, 4 January 1963: CSH GRO
Correspondence 1963-65. See letter, Agnes C.
Fisher to Frank Merrick Semans, 6January
1966:CSH GRO Correspondence 1966-69.
See letter, "Secretary to the Director" to Elsie
Van Guilder, 12January 1966: CSH GRO
Correspondence 1966-69. See letter, "Secretary
to the Director" to Mrs. Merle Roberts, 12
January 1967: CSH GRO Correspondence
1966-69. See letter, "Secretary to the Director"
to Mrs. Eugene W Co1ing, 28 March 1967:
CSH GRO
Correspondence 1966-69. See letter,
Agnes C. Fisher to Mrs. Harold F. Zink, 3
March 1969:CSH GRO Correspondence
1966-69. See letter, Agnes C. Fisher to Mrs. L.
C. Strong, Jr., 3June 1969: CSH GRO
Correspondence 1966-69. See letter, A.D.
Hershey to William Hartley, 20 October 1970:
CSH GRO
Correspondence 1970-77. See letter,
Agnes Fisher to E. Taylor Campbell, 14
September 1976:CSH GRO Correspondence
1970-77. See letter, Agnes C. Fisher to Noel C.
Stevenson, 2 February 1977: CSH GRO
Correspondence 1970-77. See letter, Agnes
Fisher to Dr. Sheldon C. Reed, 30 March 1977:
CSH GRO Correspondence 1970-77.
42. Letter, L.R. Dice to M. Demerec, 8 May 1947:
GRO CSH GRO Correspondence 1947-54.
See letter, M. Demerec to Sheldon Reed, 29
September 1947: CSH GRO Correspondence
1947-54. Letter, M. Demerec to Dewey G.
Steele, 15July 1955:CSH GRO
Correspondence 1955-62.
43. Letter, Demerec to Reed, 29 September 1947.
44. Letter, Sheldon Reed to M. Demerec, 8
October 1947: CSH GRO Correspondence
1947-54. Letter, Sheldon Reed to M. Demerec,
5 December 1947: CSH GRO Correspondence
1947-54.
45. Letter, Sheldon C. Reed to M. Demerec, 19
April 1948:CSH GRO Correspondence 1947-
54. Letter, Sheldon C. Reed to M. Demerec, 22
January 1948:CSH GRO Correspondence
1947-54. Letter, Claude F. Rogers to Russell F.
Barnes, 25June 1948: CSHGRO
Correspondence 1947-54. "Secretary to the
Director" to Maxim, 30 March 1953. Letter, M.
Demerec to John Fall, 11 August 1948: CSH
GRO Correspondence 1947-54. Letter, M.
Demerec to Dewey G. Steele, 15July 1955:
CSH GRO Correspondence 1955-62.
46. Letter, Mrs.James A. Bruun to the Eugenics
Record Office, circa May 1953: CSH GRO
Correspondence 1947-54. Letter, Clifford
Frazier to the Eugenics Record Office, 19
February 1952: CSH GRO Correspondence
1947-54. Letter, Minnie]. Williams to
Eugenics Record Office, 24 March 1959: CSH
GRO Correspondence 1955-62. Letter, Elsie
Van Guilder to American Breeders' Association
Eugenics Section, 9January 1966: CSH GRO
Correspondence 1966-69. Letter, E. Taylor
Campbell to Eugenics Record Office, 11
September 1976: CSH GRO Correspondence
1970-77.
47. Also see CSH GRO Correspondence Files.
48. Jonas Robitscher, ed. Eugtmic Ste11lizntion
(Springfield,
ll..: Charles C. Thomas, 1973), p. 123.
49. Letter, JosephJuhan to Charles Davenport,
circa December 1976: CSH GRO
Correspondence 1970-77.
50. Letter, Agnes C. Fisher toJosephJuhan, 13
December 1976: CSH GRO Correspondence
1970-77.
51. "ACLU Says Legal Action Certain, " Richmond
Times-Dispatch,
6 April 1980. Memorandum,
Carol Donovan to Suzanne L}~1I1and Janet
Benshoof, 16June 1980: American Civil
Liberties Union Foundation. "Important
Notice to All Persons Who Were Residents of
Lynchburg Training School and Hospital,
"
circa 1981:ACLU - Sterilization Settlement.
American Civil Liberties Union, "Virginia
Apologizes for Forced Sterilizations, " at
archive.adu.arg. Mark R.Warner, "Statement
of Governor MarkR. Warner: On the 75'h
Anniversary of the Buck v. Bell Decision, " at
www.governor.state.va.us. "Virginia Governor
Apologizes for Eugenics Law, " USA Today 2
May 2002. "Oregon Apologizes for
Sterilizations, " Associated Press 2 December
2002. Tim Smith, "Hodges Apologizes for
Sterilizations, " The Greenville News 8January
2003. "South Carolina Governor Apologizes
for Forced Sterilizations, " The Wall Street
}otl171019January 2003. "State Issues Apology
for Policy of Sterilization,
" LosAngeles Times 12
March 2003.
52. North Carolina General Assembly, "Statute
Chapter 35: Sterilization Procedures" at
www.ncga.state.nc.us. See D. Anthony
D'Esposo, "Recent Developments in Post-
Parntm Sterilization,
" Eugellica/1Vews Vol.
XXXVI (1951), pp. 59-61. See "Notes and
Jews Relating to Eugenics: Overpopulation in
Puerto Rico,
" Eugenical News Vol. xxvrn
(1943), pp. 29-30. See "Notes and News
Relating to Eugenics: Puerto Rico's Population
Problem,
" Eugenical News Vol.XXX (1945), pp.
61-62. See "Sterilization Outside the United
States,
" Eugenical News Vol. XXXI (1946), p. II.
Generally see United States General
Accounting Office, "Report B-164031 (5), " 27
February 1978.
53. United States General Accounting Office,
"Report B-164031 (5): Enclosure I, " 27
February 1978.
54. Lovingv. Vilginia, 388 U.S. 1(1967).
55. Lovingv. Vilginia, 388 U.S. I (1967).
56. Loving v. Vilginia, 388 U.S. I (1967).
57. "Alabama Repeals Century-Old Ban on
Interracial Marriages, " Cable News Network 8
November 2000.
58. See "Memorandum for Dr. Merriam re
Meeting of advisory committee on Eugenics
Record Office."
59. Buck v. Bell, 274 U.S. 200 (1927).
60. "Nazi Retribution Widened by Eden, " New
}'rJrkTimes 18 December 1942. "Allies Describe
Outrages on Jews, " New York Times 20
December 1942.
61. Hebrew Union College, "An Inventory to the
Raphael Lemkin Papers: Biographical Sketch,
"
at www.huc.edu. Raphael Lemkin, Axis Rule in
Occupied
Europe: Analysis, P, ."posalsfor Redress
(Washington DC: Carnegie Endowment for
International Peace, 1944),
pp. xi, xiv, xv.
62. "The Moscow Conference; October 1943, " at
www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon. "Nuremberg
Trials Final Report Appendix D: Control
Council Law No. 10, " at
www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon.
63. Lemkin, Axis Rule in OccupiedEurope, pp. xv, 79-
95. Raphael Lemkin, "Genocide - AModem
Crime, " Fm Wo1"ldVol. 4 (April 1945), pp. 39-
43.
64. Rauschning, as cited by Lemkin, Axis Rule in
Occupied Em'ope, Chapter IX, Section II, f. 29.
65. Lemkin, "Genocide - AModern Crime." "An
Inventory to the Raphael Lemkin Papers."
66. "Nuremberg Trial Proceedings Vol. I: London
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Major War Criminals Nuremberg: First Day:
Tuesday, 20, h1 ovember, 1945 (part I of 10),
"
at www.nizkor.org.Jewish Virtual Library,
"Hans Frank, " at www.us-israel.org.]ewish
Virtual Library, "Julius Streicher, " at www.usisrael.
org.Jewish Virtual Library, "Hans
Fritzche, " at www.us-israel.org. Mazal
Library,
"Trials of War Cirminals before the Nuernberg
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67. United Nations Resolution 95 (1), "Affirmation
of the Principles of International Law
Recognized by the Charter of the Niirnberg
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Nations Resolution 96 (1), "The Crime of
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68. Office of the High Commissioner for Human
Rights, "Convention on the Prevention and
Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, " at
www.unhchr.ch.
69. Office of the High Commissioner for Human
Rights. See Nm'emberg Military Tribunal, Green
Book, Volume IV, p. 626.
70. NU1"l:mb"g Military 7hbunal, w'een Book, Volume
IV, pp. 609-614, 617.
71. NU1"l:mbergMilitmy n'ib, tnal, Green Book, Volume
IV, p. 610.
72. Nuremberg Milit01Y Tribunal, Green Book, Volume
V, pp.3-4.
73. Nm"emberg MilitalY n-ibmlal, Green Book, Volume
IV, pp. 611-612.
74. Nuremberg Militmy n-ibll1101, Grem Book, Volume
Iv, pp.613, 1121-1127.
75. Nzl1"embergMilitary n-ibunal, G"WI Book, Volume
IV, pp. 675, 680, 681-682, 1101.
76. Nuremb"g Militmy n-ibunal, G"een Book, Volume
IV, p. 682. Memorial Lidice, "History, " at
www.lidice-memorial.cz.
77. Nur"nberg Military Tribunal, Green Book, Volume
Iv, pp. 613, 614.
78. Nuremberg Military Tribunal, Green Book, Volume
IV, pp. 614, 616.
79. Nuremb"g Military 7i-ibllllal, Green Book, Volume
IV, p.617.
80. "Protocol of the Wannsee Conference, " 20
January 1942 at
www.ghwk.de.
81. Nz"'emb"g Military Tribunal, G, -een
Book, Vohmte
IV, p. 1180.
82. Nuremberg Militmy Tribunal, Green Book, Volume
lV, pp. 1158, 1159.
83. Nuremberg Militmy n-ibunal, w-een Book, Volume
IV, p. 1159.
84. Nure-mb"g Militmy Tribunal, w-em Book, Volume
IV, p. 1159.
85. Nure-mb"g Militmy Tribullal, w-em Book, Volume
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1. Anlerican Breeders' Association, "Minutes,
"
First Annual Meeting, 1903, pp. 1-2: APS.
American Breeders' Association, "Committees
and Their Specific Duties,
" Anl1ual Rep071,
Ammcan B.uders' Association, vol. II (1906), p.
11. E. Carlton MacDowell, "Charles Benedict
Davenport, 1866-1944: A Study of Conflicting
Influences, " BIOS vol. XVII no. I, pp. 23-24.
American Generic Association, "Overview, " at
Isvl.la.asu.edu/ aga.
2. Robert C. Olby, "Horticulrure: The Font for
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(October 2000), pp. 65, 68. See letter, William
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3. University of Cambridge Department of
Genetics, "A Brief History of the Department,
"
at www.gen.cam.ac.uk.
4. American Genetic Association, "Overview."
Eugenics Research Association, Active
Memb,
, "Ship Accession List (Cold Spring Harbor,
NY: Eugenics Research Association, 1922):
Truman ERA Membership Records. "College
Courses in Genetics and Eugenics,
" Eugmical
News vol. I (1916), pp. 26-27. See Eugmical
News Vol. XV (1930) as compared to Eugmical
News Vol. XlV (1929).
5. Edmund W. Sinnott and L.c. Dunn, Principles
of Genetics:An Elementa,
y Text, with Problems
(New York:McGraw-Hill, 1925), p. 406.
6. Letter, L.c. Dunn toJohn C. Merriam, 3July
1935:Truman C-2-2:2.
7. "Report of the Committee on Human
Heredity,
" memorandum attached to letter,
Laurence H. Snyder to Harry H. Laughlin, 27
September 1937: Truman 0-2-3:21. Laurence
H. Synder, "Presidential Address: Present
Trends in the Study of Human Inheritance,
"
Eugenical News Vol. XXIII (1938), p. 61.
8. "Report of the Committee on Human
Herediry."
9. "Report of the Committee on Human
Heredity."
12.Tage U.H. Ellinger, "On the Breeding of
Aryans, " Journal of Heredity Vol. XXXIII (April
1942), pp. 141-142.
13. Ellinger, pp. 141-142.
14. Ellinger, pp. 141-142.
19. Ellinger, pp. 142-143.
21. "Eugenics After the War, " Eugenical News Vol.
XXVIII (1943), p. 11.
22. "Eugenics After the War, " p. 11.
23. "Eugenics in 1952, " Eugenical News Vol.
XXVIII (1943), p. 12.
24. "Eugenics in 1952, " p. 13.
25. "Maternity, the Family and the Future, "
Eugenical News Vol. XXVIII (1943), p. 22.
26. "Notes and News Relating to Eugenics, "
Eugenical News Vol. XXIX (1944), p. 33.
"Discussion: Eugenics Mter the War,
" Eugenical
News Vol.XXX (1945), p. 23.
27. "Eugenics in England, " Eugenical News Vol.
XXX (1945), pp. 34, 36.
28. "Eugenics and Modern Life: Retrospect and
Prospect,
" Eugenical News Vol. XXXI (1946), p.
33.
29. "Eugenics and Modern Life: Retrospect and
Prospect, " pp. 33, 34-35.
30. Report, Tage Kemp to the Rockefeller
Foundation, 17 November 1932: RF RG 1.2
Ser 713 Box 2 Folder 15.
31. Letter, Daniel P. O'Brien to Tage Kemp, 29
June 1934: RFRG 1.2 Ser 713 Box 2 Folder 15.
32. O'Brien to Kemp, 29 June 1934. Tage Kemp,
"To the Rockefeller Foundation: Report of
Visits to Various Institutes, Laboratories etc. for
Human Genetics in Europe, " circa December
1934, pp. 54-55.: RF RG 1.2 Ser 713 Box 2
Folder 16.
33. Kemp, pp. 59-61, 62-63.
35. See "University of Copenhagen - Institute of
Human Genetics, " memorandum circaJune
1939: RF RG 1.2 Ser 713 Box 2 Folder 15.
36. "To The Rockefeller Foundation, " memorandum
circa 1935: RF RG 1.2 Ser 713A Box 2
Folder 17. See "To the Ministry for Public
Education, " memorandum circa February 1935:
RF RG 1.2 Ser 713ABox2 Folder 17.
37. "University of Copenhagen - Institute of
Human Genetics." "To The Rockefeller
Foundation." "News and Notes Relating to
Eugenics,
" Eugmical News Vol. XXXII (1947),
p.30.
38. Frederick Osborn, "History of the American
Eugenics Society, " unpublished draft of 20
January 1971, p. 15:APS: AES Records-
Osborn Papers #2 - History of the AES. Wake
Forest University, "Centennial: Wake Forest
'Firsts' in Medicine, " at ww\v.wfubmc.edu.
"The Twenty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
Eugenics Research Association, June 2 1938,
"
Eugenical News Vol. XXIII (1938), p. 72.
Manson Meads, The Miracle on Hawthorne Hill
(VVinston-Salem,
NC: Wake Forest University,
1988), p. 32. William Allan, "The Relationship
of Eugenics to Public Health,
" Eugenical News
Vol. XXI (1936), p. 74. See William Allan, "The
Inheritance of the Shaking Palsy,
" Eugenical
News Vol. XX (1935), p. 72.
39. "Forsyth in the Forefront, " Winston-Salem
Journal. "Lifting the Curtain on a Shameful
Era, " Winston-Salem Journal.
40. C. Nash Herndon, "Human Resources From
the Viewpoint of Medical Genetics,
" Eugenical
News Vol. XXXV (1950), pp. 6-8. "Lifting the
Curtain On a Shameful Era." See "Against
Their Will: North Carolina's Sterilization
Program."
41. Osborn, "History of the American Eugenics
Society, " pp. 16-17.
42. Osborn, "History of the American Eugenics
Society, " pp. 4, 17. American Philosophical
Society, "Frederick Henry Osborn Papers, " at
www.amphilsoc.org. "The Twenty-Sixth
Annual Meeting of the Eugenics Research
Association, June 2 1938.""B. Early History
and Development, " 07'ganized Eugenics, (New
Haven, CT: American Eugenics Society),
1931,
p.3.
43. Osborn, "History of the American Eugenics
Society, " p. 17.
44. Frederick Osborn, "Population and The
Progress of Civilization"
, presented at Hunter
College, 22 December 1959: APS: AES
Records: Osborn Papers #9.
45. Letter, Frank Lorimer to Frederick Osborn.
October 1959: APS: AES Records - Osborn
Papers #2 - Letters on Eugenics.
46. Frederick Osborn, "Draft Prepared for the
Directors' Meeting, April B"L Eugenics:
Retrospect and Prospect, " draft of 26 March
1959: APS: AES Records - Osborn Papers.
47. Letter, Bruce Wallace to Frederick Osborn, II
April 1961: APS: AES Records - Osborn Papers
#2 - Leners on Eugenics.
48. Letter, Sheldon C. Reed to Harry L. Shapiro,
15 May 1961: APS: AES Records.
49. Lener, Frederick Osborn to P.S. Barrows, 25
August 1965: APS: AES Records - Osborn
Papers #2 - Letters on Eugenics. Letter,
Frederick Osborn to Frank Lorimer, 17
September 1959: APS. Letter, Gordon Allen to
Frederick Osborn, 23 May 1961: APS: AES
Records. Frederick Osborn, "A Program of
Eugenics, " undated paper circa May 1961: APS.
50. Osborn to PS. Barrows, 25 August 1965.
51. Letter, Frederick Osborn to Paul Popenoe, 25
March 1965: APS: AES Records - Osborn
Papers #2 - Leners
on Eugenics. Letter,
Frederick Osborn to Sheldon E. Hermanson,
12 April 1965: APS: AES Records - Osborn
Papers #2 - Letters
on Eugenics. See Osborn,
"History of the American Eugenics Society, " p.
20.
52. Letter, Frederick Osborn to Alexander
Robenson, 11 October 1967: APS: AES
Records - Osborn Papers #2 - Letters on
Eugenics. Lener, Dick Hoefnagel to Carnegie
Institute of Washington, 5 February 1968: CSH
GRO Correspondence 1966-69.
53. "#4519: Human Benerment League of North
Carolina Records: Inventory, " at
www.lib.unc.edu. AlM25, "Penrose, Correspondence,
"
at www.aim25.ac.uk. University
College of London, "UCL & Galton, "at collection.
ucLac.uk. "The Annals of Human Genetics
Homepage, "at www.gene.ucl.ac.uk. "The
Galton Institute: Annual Report, 1989.":
Wellcome SAiEUG/A 95.
54. Osborn, "History of the American Eugenics
Society, " p. 9. Author's interview with Jay
Olshansky, 10 February 2003. "American
Eugenics Society, " at
www.amphilsoc.org.
55. See letter, B. C. Lake to Sewall Wright, 2 June
1954: APS: AES Records. See "American
Genetic Association, "at Isvl.la.asu.edu/aga.
56. See Planned Parenthood Federation of
America, Inc., "About Us, " at www.plannedparenthood.
org. See John R. Weeks, "Vignettes of
PAA History: Milbank, Princeton and the
War, "at www.pop.psu.edu. See "American
Eugenics Society." See "Population Council-
Fiftieth Anniversary - Officers, " at www.popcounciLorg.
57.James D. Watson, "President of Cold Spring
Harbor Laboratory, " at www.cshLorg. See
"Celebrating 50 years of DNA, " at
www.dna50.org.
1. "Test-tube Baby Pioneer Backs Human
Cloning, " News. Telegraph. Co. UK, 6 September
2002. "Scientists: Cloned Sheep Dolly has 'Old'
DNA, " Cable News Network, 27 May 1999.
"World: Asia-Pacific Giant Pandas Follow
Dolly, " British B"oaticasting C01pomtio", 20 July
1998. "Scientists Await Birth of First Cloned
Endangered Species, " Cable News Network, 5
January 200 I. "Researchers Clone Pigs, " Cable
News Netw01'k, 16 August 2000. "Carbon Copy
Cat Cloned,
" Namre, 14 February 2002. Texas
A&M, "Texas A&M Clones First Cat, " press
release of 14 February 2002. "OWU Professor
Clones Mastodon Genes From Intestinal
DNA, " Ohio U7esleyallUniversity On-Lille.
2. "Clones in the Real World, " AP Wire
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4 March 2001. "Clonaid: Baby 'Clone' Returns
Home, " Cable News Network I January 2003.
World Future Society, "Futurist Update,
"
January 2000 at www.wfs.org. "Doctor Refuses
to Identify Mother, Give Evidence of
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ovember 2002. "Revealed: Couple Try to
Have First Human Clone Baby,
" Su"day Hemld,
21 July 2002.
3. Dorothy Wertz, "DNA Forensics: Professional
and Patient Attitudes Internationally, " at
hgm2002.hgu.mrc.ac.uk. Federal Bureau of
Investigation, "Mission Statement and
Background, " at www.fbi.gov. Federal Bureau
of Investigation, "FBI Laboratory: Forensic
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Initiatives, " 4 March 2002 as cited by
Electronic Privacy Information Center and
Privacy International, "Privacy and Human
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4. "DNA Database 'Should Include Every
Citizen, ''' NewScientist.c011l 12 September 2002.
2"d International DNA users' Conference for
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National DNA Data Bank of Canada,
"
brochure circa 2002.1" International DNA
users'
Conference for Investigative Officers,
"Austrian National DNA Database, " circa
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International DNA users' Conference for
Investigative Officers, "The DNA Database in
The Netherlands, " circa November 1999 at
www.InterpoLint. "Bundestag Establishes Legal
Footing for Genetic Database, " DE News 24
June 1998. "Privacy and Human Rights 2002,
"
p. 109. "In Louisiana, Debate Over a DNA
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February 2003.
5. "Fingerprint Fear, " NewScientist.com, 2 May
2001. R. Chen, P.S. Rabinovitch,
D.A. Crispin,
M.]. Edmond, K.M. Koprowicz, M.P. Bronner
and T.A. Brentnall, "DNA Fingerprinting
Abnormalities can Distinguish Ulcerative
Colitis Patients with Dysplasia and Cancer
from Those Who Are Dysplasia/Cancer-Free,
"
American Joumal of Pathology, 162 (2) (February
2003), pp. 665-672.
6. See I" International DNA Users' Conference
for Investigative Officers, "Minutes, " circa 1999
at www.lnterpol.int. See 2nd International DNA
Users' Conference for Investigative Officers,
UMinutes, " circa 2001 at
www.Interpol.int.
7. Armed Forces Department of Pathology, "The
Depanment of Defense DNA Registry, " at
www.afip.org. DouglasJ. Gillert, "Who Are
You?0 A Registry Knows, " at
www.defenselink.mil.
8. Connecticut Department of Social Services,
"DSS's Biometric 10 Project, " at
www.dss.state.ct.us.AlsoseeGregoryH.Smith.
"Securing OUf Personal Genome, " (master's
thesis, Indiana University, 2003).
9. See National Cancer Institute, "Understanding
Gene Testing, " at press2.nci.nih.gov.
10. Generally see Francis Galton, Finger P'7ntr
(New York: Da Capo Press, 1965).
II. MIB Group, Inc., "About Us" at www.mib.com.
Author's interviews with MIB Group,
Inc. officials,
28 February 2003. Author's investigation
ofMIB Group, Inc., February-March 2003.
12. Author's investigation ofMIB Group, Inc., 28
February 2003. Also see author's interviews
with MIB Group, Inc. officials, 28 February
2003.
13. See American Academy of Actuaries, "Genetic
Information and Medical Expense Insurance,
"
monograph of June 2000, pp. 2, 3.
14.American Academy of Actuaries, p. 2.
15.American Academy of Actuaries, pp. 2-3, 27-30.
16.American Academy of Actuaries, "Issue Brief:
The Use of Genetic Information in Disability
Income and Long-Term Care Insurance, " briefing
paper of2002, p. 7.
17. "Health Insurance Companies Accused of
Genetic Bias, " British B"oatkastillg Corpomtioll,
II December 1998. Ann Deering, "Risk
Reporter: Genetic Discrinunation, " Risk
Management Magazine.
18. "Genetic Data 'Insurance Fear, '" British
B"oadcasting C01p01"Otion, 27 November 2000.
"The Price of Having the Wrong Genes,
"
British Broadcasting Co'pomtion, 22 January
2001. "Britain Moves to Ban Insurance Genetic
Tests, " Washington Post, 30 April 200 I.
19. Association of British Insurers, "Genetic
Testing: Background, " at www.abi.org.uk.
"Insurance Firm Admits Using Genetic
Screening, " The London Times, 8 February 2001.
"The Price of Having the Wrong Genes."
"Insurance Companies Announce Genetic
Testing Halt, " The Scientist, 30 October 200 I.
Author's interview with Norwich Union, 28
February 2003 and 5 March 2003.
20. "'Moratorium on Genetic Data Use, " British
Broatkart-illg Corporation, 23 October 200 I.
Author's interview with Norwich Union, 28
February 2003 and 5 March 2003.
21. Trudo Lemmens, "Selective Justice, Genetic
Discrimination, and Insurance: Should We
Single Out Genes in Our Laws?" McGill Law
Joumal45 347 (2000), pp. 353-354. Author's
interview with Industrial Alliance, 3 March
2003.
22. Author's interview with Industrial Alliance, 3
March 2003.
23. "UK Forum for Genetics and Insurance, " at
www.ukfgi.org.uk. International Actuarial
Association, "3. Astin News / Nouvelles
D'Astin,
" lAA Bulletin AAl No. 36 (2002). MIB
Group, Inc., "Special Section: Genetics, " at
www.knowledgedigest.com.
24. Office of Technology Assessment, "Genetic
Monitoring and Screening in the Workplace
44-45 (1990); "Are Your Genes Right for Your
Job?" 3 Cal Law 25, 27 (May 1983) as cited in
Privacy International, "Privacy and Human
Rights 2002, and International Survey of
Privacy Laws and Developments, " (2000), pp.
82-83. Office of Technology Assessment, "The
Role of Genetic Testing in the Prevention of
Occupational Disease, " (April 1983), p. 35.
American Management Association as cited by
The National Workrights Institute, "Genetic
Discrimination in the Workplace Fact Sheet,
"
at www.workrights.org.
25. "A Bloody Mess At One Federal Lab, " u.s.
News & World Report 23 June 1997. Author's
interview with Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory,
3 March 2003.
26. "Court Declares Right to Genetic Privacy,
"
U.S. News & Wo, ·ld Rep01"t16 February 1998.
"Privacy and Human Rights 2002, " p. 83.
Author's interview with Lawrence Berkeley
Laboratory, 3 March 2003.
27. Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railroad,
"BNSF and EEOC Settle Genetic Testing Case
Under Americans with Disabilities Act, " press
release of8 May 2002. Burlington Northern
Santa Fe Railroad, "BNSF Ends DNA Testing
For Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, " press release of
12 February 2001. Author's interview with
Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railroad, 27
February 2003.
28. Author's interview with Burlington Northern
Santa Fe Railroad, 27 February 2003. Author's
interview with Athena Diagnostics, 28 February
2003.
29. "China is Thwaned byJobs Ruling, " The
w, a"dian, I October 2000.
30. "DNA Database 'Should Include Every
Citizen.''' "Privacy and Human Rights 2002, " p.
30. "DNA Tests for All VViIlCut Crime, Says
Pioneer, " News. Telegraph. Co.UK 19 February
2001.
31. "Agreement Between the Minister of Health
and Social Security and Islensk refdagreining
ehf. in Connection VViththe Issuing of a
License to Create and Operate a Health Sector
Database (HSD), " at www.mannvernd.is.
"Profiling an Entire Nation, " Associated Press 18
February 1999. Mannvernd, "Opts Out From
Icelandic Health Sector Database, " at
www.mannvernd.is. Mannvernd, "Starns of
Lawsuits Against the Health Sector Database
Act and Related Matters, " at
www.mannvemd.is. International Business
Machines and deCODE Genetics, "deCODE
and IBM Form Strategic Alliance to Deliver
Technology Solution for Applying Genetics to
Drug Discovery, " press release of 23 January
2003.
32.Jean Pierre S"rensen, "IBM Life Sciences-
Nordic: Pulling Together The Pieces,
"
Powerpoint Presentation circa 2003.
33. Mark D. Uehling, "Decoding Estonia, " Bio IT
World 10 February 2003 as cited by
www.genomics.ee/index.php?lang=eng&nid=14
0; Internet.
34. "Banking on Genes, " The Scientist, 4 December
2000. Autogen Limited, "ASX Announcement,
"
press release of 17November 2000.
35. Author's communication with Autogen
Limited, 3 March 2003. Autogen
Limited,
"ASX Announcement, " press release of 2 March
1999.
36. The Wellcome Trust, "UK Biobank: A Study of
Genes, Environment and Health, " at www.wellcome.
ac.uk. "Phones Download DNA,
" Nat/"'e,
26 February 2003. "Report of the Bioethics
Advisory Committee the Israel Academy of
Sciences and Humanities, " at St\\'wv, r, weizmann.
ac.il.
37. Author's communication with Congresswoman
Louise M. Slaughter (D-NY), March 2003.
38. Bionet, "Who Owns Your Genes?" at
www.bionetonline.org. School of Health and
Related Research, "Genetic Testing in the
Workplace, " at
www.shef.ac.uk.
39. Author's communication with Congresswoman
Louise M. Slaughter (D-NY), March 2003.
40. "Perfect Features: Science May Pave Way For
Designer Babies,
" ABCNews.com, 26 December
2002. "A Way to Choose a Baby's Gender, " Los
Angeles Times, 3 March 2003.
41. "Couple 'Choose' To Have Deaf Baby, " B"itish
Broadcasting C07poration,
8 April 2002. "Babies,
Deafby Design, " The Australian, 16 April 2002.
42. "Stupidity Should Be Cured, Says DNA
Discoverer, " New Scientist. com, 28 February
2003.
43. "Stupidity Should Be Cured, Says DNA
Discoverer. Jl
44. Lee M. Silver, Remaking Eden (New York:Avon
Books, 1997), pp. 4-8.
45. "Details of Hybrid Clone Revealed, " British
Broadcasting Cotpomtion, 18June 1999.
"Franken fish VVipingOut Wild Salmon,
"
Associated Newspapers Ltd., 19 September 1999.
"Genetically Modified Monkey Could Be Key
to Curing Some Diseases, " Cable News Netzoork,
18January 2001. "Scientists Want A Life, " AP
VVireServices, 21 November 2002. "Scientists
Planning to Make New Form of Life,
"
Washington Post 21 November 2002. Author's
communication with The Center for the
Advancement of Genomics, March 2003.
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