Major Sources

ARCHIVAL REPOSITORIES

Original papers and documents were accessed at several dozen archival repositories, record collections and
unprocessed files in storage. The challenging range of repositories spanned the gamut from governmental
and organizational archives to corporate and private files. Many key records are held by the special collections
and manuscript deparnnents of libraries, such as the Laughlin Papers in the Special Collections of
Pickler Memorial Library at Truman University. I estimate there are some five hundred key and niche
repositories of eugenic information in the United States and just as many overseas. Most of them are listed
below, but space precludes a complete roster.

UNITED STATES

LIBRARIES

Libraries are crucial to research on eugenics because so much information resides in period secondary
sources. In addition, each library maintains its own unique and often precious collection of obscure literature
and local materials. Sometimes the most valuable materials are found in small community libraries. I estimate
there are hundreds of libraries in the United States, and just as many overseas, containing important
secondary materials. Most of the libraries we accessed are listed below, but space precludes a complete roster.

JOURNAL, NEWSPAPERS AND MEDIA

Scores of publications and media outlets were consulted, both as sources of period matetials and for topical
infonnation. These covered a spectrum, from obscure professional and medical journals, to Nazi-era scientific
and political media, to the eugenics media, to contemporary publications and news organizations.
[n some cases, every issue of a publication was surveyed for as many as forty years; Eugmicol News is an
example. In other instances, we studied select editions. Many of the publications and media outlets we surveyed
are listed below, but space precludes a complete roster.

JOURNALS

Amf7-icon Bar Association Journal
A",ericon Jou771ol ofiWedicol Gmetics
A"''''icon Jou771ol of Pathology
Am"'icon Jou771ol of Puhlic Health
American Jou771ol of Sociology
BiolTWodd
BIOS
Birth Control Review
Bmin Pathology
B"itish J01l771alof Inebriety
The British Medical J01l771al
Canadian Medical Association Jou771ol
Digestive Diseases
Dimensions
Epilepsia
Histmy and Philosophy of the Life Scimces
History of Psychiatly
lAA Bulletin AAJ
Institutional Q1Im-redy
JOlwnolof Almo771101Psychology
Jou771olof American Histmy
J01lnlOiof Al1"'7COll P1IblicHealth
JOlt17101ofCont"npor01Y Health Low and Policy
Jou771al of Delinqllmcy
JOll771alof Psycho-Asthmics
JOll771alofSollth"71 Histmy
JOll771alof the Am"7can Medical Association
JOlln101 of the Anth.-opologicol blstitllte
JOllr11alof the Histmy ofSexllolity
JOll771alof the Histo,y of Biology
Loncet
McGill Low J01l771al
Mental Retardation
National Geographic
Natlwe
Nature Reviews
Ne""ology
New Yo,·k Medical JOll771al
New Yt".k Unive1"SityLaw Review
GSit7S
Psychological Review
The StalldanJ

EUGENIC MEDIA

Al1te1'icoll B,.eeders' Magazine
Ellgenical News
Eugmics
Ellgmics Q1Im-r,,'1y
Ellgmics Review
JOllr11olof H"'edity

GERMAN MEDIA

AbhandlU11genaus dem Gebiete d,,' Sexualfin;chung
Allgemeines Statistisches Archiv Beviilkertmgsfi'agell
Archiv fib' Rossen- und Gesellschaftsbiologie
Del' Erbarzt
Deutsches A,tteblatt
Die Neue Zeitung
Fortschritte der E"bpathologie, Rossellhygielle und ihm' Grenzgebiete
Hollerith NachrichtN/
Neues Volk
Rossenpolitische Auslands-Kon'espondenz
Schleswig-Holsteinische Hochschullbliitter
Sexual-hobleme, Zeitschrift fiir Sexualwissenschaft und Sexualpolik
Viilkischer Beobachter
Volk und Rasse
Zeitschrift fiir Morphologie und Anthropologie Festschrift
Zeitschrift fib' Rossenkunde
Zeitschrift fi;'· Sexualwissenschaft
Zielund U7eg

NEWSPAPERS, MAGAZINES, WIRE SERVICES AND OTHER MEDIA

Associated Press
Atlantic Monthly
The Aust.-olian
British B"oacUasting COIpo"ation
Cable News NetwOl·k
Chicago Tribune
Christian Science Monitor
&onOl1licQuarterly
Free World
The Guardian
The Independent
London Times
Los Angeles Times
Mind
New Republic
New Y,,,.k Times
The Pedagogical S"nin01]
The POOl'-LaWOffim,' Journal Reute1,
Richmond Times-Dispatch
Risk Management Magazine
San Francisco Daily News
Scientist
Time Magazine
u.s. News & WOI·ldReport
w"shington Post
Winston-Sal"n Jou171al

UNPUBLISHED MANUSCRIPTS

Numerous university dissertations, theses and other unpublished manuscripts and monographs were consulted.
Some of the salient ones are listed below.

American Academy of Actuaries. "Genetic Information and Medical Expense Insurance." June 2000.
Curtis, Patrick Almond. "Eugenic Reformers, Cultural Perceptions of Dependent Populations, and the
Care of the Feebleminded in Illinois: 1909-1920." Ph. D. diss., University of Illinois at Chicago,
1983.

Hassencahl, FrancisJanet. "Harry H. Laughlin, 'Expert Eugenics Agent' for the House Committee on
Immigration and Naturalization." Ph. D. diss., Case Western Reserve University, 1970.

Lombardo, Paul A. "Eugenic Sterilization in Virginia: Aubrey Strode and the Case of Buck v. BelL" Ph. D.
diss, University of Virginia, 1982.

Mehler, Barry. "A History of the American Eugenics Society, 1921-1940." Ph. D. diss., University of
Illinois, 1988.

Mottier, Veronique. "Narratives of National Identity: Sexuality, Race, and the Swiss 'Dream of Order.'''
Paper presented at the European Consortium for Political Research Annual Joint Sessions,
Workshop; The Political Uses of Narrative, at Mannheim 26-31 March 1999.

Smith, Gregory H. "Securing our Personal Genome." Forthcoming Master's thesis, Indiana University,
2003.

DOCUMENTARIES

Film documentaries, including independently produced videos, provide an excellent source of eyewitness
testimony and visual insight. Some of the salient videos utilized are listed below.

Baron, Saskia and Paul Sen, director and Dunja Noack, producer. Science and the Swastika. Videocassette.
The History Channel, 200 l.

Bryant, Sharon, producer. Reclaiming our Heritage. Virginia Foundation for the Humanities, 1997, videocassette.

Trombley, Stephen, director and Brucie Eadier, producer. The Lynchburg Story. Videocassette.
Worldview Pictures, 1993.

Blumenstein, Rob, producer-director. History's Mysteries: Hitler's Perfect Children. The History
Channel, 2000.

MAJOR JOURNAL ARTICLES

I consulted numerous scholarly articles of great value. Some of the salient articles are listed below.

"Cecile and Oskar Vogr: On the Occasion of her 75th and his 80th Birthday." Neurology Vol. 1 NO.3 (May-
June 1951).

Elks, Martin A. "The 'Lethal Chamber': Further Evidence for the Euthanasia Option." Mental Retm'dation,
Vol. 31 NO.4 (August 1993).

Kevles, Daniel J'. "Testing the Army's Intelligence: Psychologists and the Military in World War I." The
Jou17IalofAme'rican History, Vol. 55, Issue 3 (Dec., 1968).

Lakin, K. Charlie. "Demographic Studies of Residential Facilities for the Mentally Retarded."
Developmental Disabilities hojeet on Residential Services and C(}mmltnity Adjmtment hojeet Rep",'! NO.3.
University of Minnesota Department of Psycho educational Studies, circa 1979.

Lemkin, RaphaeI. "Genocide- AModern Crime." F"ee WcJrldVol. 4 (April 1945).

Lemmens, Trudo. "Selective Justice, Genetic Discrimination, and Insurance: Should We Single Out
Genes in Our Laws?" McGill Law J01".na/45 347 (2000).

Lombardo, Paul A. "Medicine, Eugenics, and the Supreme Court: From Coercive Sterilization to
Reproductive Freedom." The Jou17lal of Contemporary Health Law and Policy Volume 13 (1996).

Lombardo, Paul A. "Three Generations, No Imbeciles: New Light on Buck v. Bell." New York University
Law Review, Vol. 60 no. 1.

MacDowell, E. Carlton. "Charles Benedict Davenport, 1866-1944: A Study of Conflicting Influences."
BIOS vol. XVII no. l.

MacNicol, John. "The Voluntary Sterilization Campaign in Britain, 1918-39." The Journal of the Histl>')'of
Sexuality, Vol. 2., NO.3 (1992).

Muller-Hill, Benno. "The Blood from Auschwitz and the Silence of the Scholars." History and Philosophy of
the Life Sciences Vol. 21 (1999).

Neugebauer, Wolfgang and Georg Stacher. "Nazi Child 'Euthanasia' in Vienna and the Scientific
Exploitation ofIts Victims before and after 1945." Digestive Diseases 17 (1999).

Peiffer,)iirgen. "Neuropathology in the Third Reich: Memorial to those Victims of National-Socialist
Atrocities in Germany who were Used by Medical Science." Brain Pathology I (1991).

Reilly, Philip. "The Virginia Racial Integrity Act Revisited: The Plecker-Laughlin Correspondence; 1928-
1930." American Jou17Iai of Medical Gmetics Vol. 16 (1983).

Sherman, Richard B. "'The Last Stand': The Fight for Racial Integrity in Virginia in the 1920's." The
JournalofSouthe17l History, Vol. 54 Issue 1 (February, 1988).

Shevell, Michael. "Racial Hygiene, Active Euthanasia, andJulius Hallervorden." Neurology 42 (November
1992) and "Reply from the Author." Neurology 43 Guly 1993).

Seidelman, William E. "Medicine and Murder in the Third Reich." Dimensions: A Journal of Holocaust
Studies Vol. 13 No. I (1999).

Weber, Matthias M. "Psychiatric Research and Science Policy in Germany. The History of the Deutsche
Forschungsanstalt fur Psychiattie (German Institute for Psychiatric Research) in Munich from 1917
to 1945." History of Psychiatry xi (2000).

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Literally hundreds of books were consulted, from period eugenic literature to scholarly works on a range
of topics. It would be impossible to list them all. However, a few hundred of the salient volumes are listed
below. Listing books here by no means suggests they are reliable; many of these books were consulted
because of their period insights rather than their accuracy. This list, then, includes both the most credible
and the least credible.

Adams, Mark B. The Wellborn Science. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.

Aly,Gotz, Peter Chroust, and Christian Pross. Cleansing the Fathedand: Nazi Medicine and Racial Hygie1le.
Trans. Belinda Cooper. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994.

Anderson, Margo j. The American Census. ew Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1988.

Astor, Gel'llid. The "Last" Nazi: The Life and Times ofo.: Joseph Mengele. New York:Donald I. Fine, Inc., 1985.

Baker, Liva. The Justice F1'O'lnBeacon Hill: The Life and Times ofOliv,,' We1ldellHolmes. New York: Harper
Collins Publishers, 1991.

Bannister, Robert C. Social Da"lJinism: Science and Myth in Anglo-American Social Thought. Philadelphia:
Temple University Press, 1979.

Barr, Martin W. Mental Defectives: Thei,' History, Treatme1lt and Training. Philadelphia: P. Blakiston's Son &
Co., 1904;New York: Atno Press, 1973.

Baur, Erwin, Eugen Fischer and Fritz Lenz. Human Heredity. 3,dEd. Trans. Eden & Cedar Paul. New
York: The MacM.illan Company, 1931.

Baur, Erwin, Eugen Fischer, and Fritz Lenz. GrImd,·iss d"'1/le1lschliche1lErblichkeitslehre ,md Rassenhygiene.
Munich: j. F. Lehmanns Verlag, 1921.

Baur, Erwin, Eugen Fischer, and Fritz Lenz. Grund"iss del' menschliche1l E"blichkeitsleh"e und Rassenhygie1le,
2nd ed. Munich:j. F. Lehmanns Verlag, 1923.

Benson, Keith R.,Jane Maienschein, and Ronald Rainger, editors. Expansion of American Biology. New
Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1991.

Biesold, Horst. Oying Hands: Euge1licsand Deaf People in Nazi Gmnany. Trans. William Sayers.
Washington DC: Gallaudet University Press, 1988.

Black, Edwin. IBM and the Holocaust: The Strategic Alliance Between Nazi Gennany and America's Most
Powerful C01poration. New York: Crown Publishers, 2001.

Black, Edwin. The Y,'ansfer Agreemem: The Dramatic St01Y of the Paet Betwee1l the Third Reich and Jewish
Palestine. Washington: Dialog Press, 1999;New York: Carol & Graf, 2001.

Blacker, C. P. "Eugenics In Prospect and Retrospect," In The GaltOlI Lectlll'e, 1945. Hamish Hamilton
Medical Books, n.d.

Blacker, C. P. Eugenics: Galton and After. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press 1952; Westport, CT:
Hyperion Press, Inc., 1987.

Bock, Gisela, Zwangsst"'ilisation im NationaIsozialismus. Studie1l ZlIr Rasse1lpolitik und Fraue1lpolitik. Opladen:
Westdeutscher Verlag, 1986.

Bohstedt, John. Riots and C01mmmity Politics in England and Wtzles 1790-18/0. Cambridge: Harvard
University Press, 1983.

Bowen, Catherine Drinker. Yankee Fro1/l Olympus: Justice Holmes and His Family. Boston: Little, Brown and
Company, 1945.

Breiting, R.ichard. Secret Conversations with Hitl", Edit. Edouard Calic. Trans. R.ichard Barry. New York:
The John Day Company, 1968.

Brigham, Carl C. A Study of Americanlntellige1lce. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1923.

Brown, Stuart E. Jr., Lorraine F. Myers and Eileen M. Chappel. Pocahontas' Descendants. Baltimore, MD:
The Pocahontas Foundation, 1985.

Browning, Christopher R. The Path to Genocide: Essays on Launching the Final Solution. Cambridge:
Cambridge Un.iversity Press, 1992.

Bruehl, Charles P. Birth Control and Euge1lics:In the Light ofFlIl,damemal Ethical p,·inciples. New York:
Joseph P. Wagner, Inc., 1928.

Burleigh, Michael. Death m,d Delivemnce: 'Euthanasia' in G".",any 1900-1945. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1994.

Burton, David H. Oliv,,' Wendell Holmes, p: Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1980.

Burton, David H., editor. Progressive Masks: Letters of Oliver Wmdell Holmes, Jr., and Franklin Ford. Newark,
DE. University of Delaware Press, 1982.

Cameron, Norman and R.H. Stevens, trans. Hitler~ Table Talk: /941-1944: His Private Conversations. ew
York City: Enigma Books, 2000.

Caplan, Arthur L., ed. Wbm Medicine Wmt Mad. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1992.

Carlson, ElofAxel. The Unfit: A History of a Bad Idea. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor
Laboratory Press, 200 I.

Chambers, Robert W. The King in Yelluw. F.Tennyson Neely, 1895.

Chapman, Blanche Adams. Wills and Administration of Elizabeth City County, Vi'-ginia 1688-1800. N.p.,
1980.

Charles, Joan. Elizabeth City County, Virginia Will 1800-1859. Bowie, MD: Heritage Books, Inc., n.d.
Chesler, Ellen. Women ofl1rlor. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992.

Chesterton, G. K. Eugenics and Other Evils. Ed. compoMichael W Perry. Seattle, WA: Inkling Press, 2000.

Cravens, Hamilton. The Triumph of Evolution: The H""edity-Envir01l1nent Controversy, /900-1941.
Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1988.

Darwin, Charles. The o.·igin of the Species. 6'" ed. New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1881.

Darwin, Charles. The 11r"iationof Animals and Plants und.,· Domestication. London: John Murray, 1868;
New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1883.

Davenport, Charles B. and Morris Steggerda. Roce C,"OSsingin Jamaica. Washington: Carnegie Institution
of Washington, 1929.

Davenport, Charles B. Heredity In Relation ToEugenics. New York: Henry Holt & Company, 1911;New
York: Arno Press Inc., 1972.

Dawidowicz, Lucy. The War Against The Jews, 1933-1945. New York: Bantam Books, 1975.

Deichmann, Ute. Biologists Under Hitler. Trans. Thomas Dunlap. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University
Press, 1996.

Dowbiggin, Ian. A Merciful End: The Euthanasia Mov",nent in Mod"7l Am",ica. Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 2003.

Dugdale, Richard L. The p,kes. New York: Putnam, 1910.

Durance, Jill and William Shamblin, ed. Appalachian I*ys. Washington D.C.: The Appalachian Regional
Commission, 1976.

Estabrook, Arthur H. and Charles B. Davenport. The Nam Family: A Study in Cacogmics. Cold Spring
Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Press, 1912.

Estabrook, Arthur H. and Ivan E. McDougle. Mongrel Virginians: The Win Tribe. Baltimore: The Williams
& Wilkins Company, 1926.

Eugenics Education Society, Problems in Eugmics, Vols.1and ll: Report of P"oceedings of the First InW7lational
Eugenics Cong>·ess.Kingsway, UK: Eugenics Education Society, 1913.

Evers, AI£.WOodstock:Histo,) of an Ammcan Tuum. Woodstock, New York: The Overlook Press, 1987.

Fairchild, Henry Pratt. The Melting-Pot Mistake. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company, 1926.

Fancher, Raymond E. The bztelligmce Men: Makers of the IQ Controversy. New York:W. W. orton &
Company, 1985.

Fest, Joachim C. The Face of the Third Reich: Po,·traits of the Nazi Leadership. New York: Pantheon Books,
1970.

Flexner, Abraham. Medical Education in Em'ope: A Report to the Carnegie Foundation. n.p. 1912.

Flexner, Abraham. Prostitution in Em·ope. New York: The Century Company, 1914.

Fosdick, Raymond. St01) of the Rockefeller Foundation. New York: Harper, 1952.

Friedlander, Henry. The O,igins of Nazi Genocide. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of Carolina Press, 1995.

Gallagher, Nancy L. Breeding Bett"'· Vernzonw·s. Hanover, NH: University of New England Press, 1999.

Galton, Francis. Fing'" Prints. New York: Da Capo Press, 1965.

Galton, Francis. Hereditm) Genius: An Inquiry Into Its Laws And Consequences. 2nd ed. London: Macmillan &
Co., 1892; London: Watts & Co., 1950.

Galton, Francis. Inqui7ies Imo Human FaCIlityAnd Its Development. London: JM Dent & Co., 1883.

Galton, Francis. Memories of My Life. London: Methuen & Co., 1908.

Galton, Francis. Natural Inheritance. London: Macmillan & Co., 1889.

Gilbert, Martin. The Holocaust. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1985.

Goddard, Henry H. Feeble-mindedness: Its Causes and Consequmces. New York: Arno Press, 1973.

Goddard, Henry H. The Kallikak Family: A Study in the Heredity of Feeble-Mindedness. Vineland, NJ: 1913.

Gordon, Harold]., J r. Hitler and the Beer Hall Putsch. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1972.

Gosney, E.S. and Paul Popenoe, Sterilization ftr Human Bettennmt. New York: The MacMillan Company,
1929.

Gould, Stephen Jay. The Mismeaszwe of Man. Rev. ed. New York:Norton, 1996.

Grant, Madison. On' Untny;ang d••·grOSSe1l Rosse: Die Rossen als G17l1ldlageder Geschichte Elwopas. Berlin: J.
F Lehmanns Verlag, 1925.

Grant, Madison. The Passing of the Great Roce. ew York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1936.

Greenwood, J ames. The SCVe1lCurses of London. London: S. Rivers and Co., 1869.

GrosslnJrth, Phyllis. Havelock Ellis, A Biography. London: Allen Lane, 1980.

Broberg, Gunnar and ils Roll-Hansen, ed. Eugenics and the Welfare State. East Lansing, Ml: Michigan
State University Press, 1996.

Gutman, ¥israel and Michael Berenbaum, ed. Anatomy of the Auschwitz Death Camp. Indianapolis: Indiana
University Press, 1994.

Hackett, David A., ed. and trans. The Buche1lwald Report. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1995.

Haller, Mark H. Eugenics: Hereditarian Attitudes in American Thought. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers
University Press, 1963.

Hazlitt, Henry. The Conquest of Pov••"tJ. ew Rochelle, NY: Arlington House, 1973.

Higham, John. Strangers iu the Land. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1955.

Hilberg, Raul. The Destmction of the Em'opean Jews. New York:Harper Colophon Books, 1961.

Hitler, Adolf. Mein Kampf Trans. Ralph Manheim. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1943.

Hoess, Rudolf. Commandant of Auschwitz. New York: Popular Library, 1959.

Hahne, Heins. The Order of the Death ~ Head: The Story of Hitler~ SS. New York: Coward-McCann, 1970.

Holmes, Oliver WendellJr. The Common Law. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1881; 1923.

Holmes, Oliver Wendell Jr. Collected Legal Papen. New York. Harcourt, Brace and Co., 1921.

Howe, Mark DeWolfe, ed. Holmes-Laski Letten. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1953.

Howe, Mark DeWolfe, ed. Holmes-Laski Letters Ab,·idged. Clinton, MA: Atheneum, 1963.

Howe, Mark DeWolfe, ed. Holmes-Pollock Letters: The Con"espondenceofMr. Justice Holmes and Si,' Frede1'ick
Pollock 1874-1932, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1942.

Howe, Mark DeWolfe. Justice Oliv ••' Wendell Holmes: The Shaping Yean 1841-1870. Cambridge, MA: The
Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1957.

International Congress of Eugenics. A Decade of P,'ogress in Eugenics: Scientific Papers of the Third
1ntemational Congress of Euge1lics. Baltimore: The Williams and Wilkins Company, 1934.

International Congress of Eugenics. Eugenics, Genetics and the Family: Volume I: Scientific Papen oflhe Second
1ntenlOtionai Congress. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins Co., 1923.

International Military Tribunal. Ntwnnbe1Y; Mililm"] 7hbunal, Blue Book.

International Military Tribunal. N",'nnbny; Military Tribunal, Green Book.

Jennings, H.S. The Biological Basis of Human Nature. ew York:W.W Norton & Company, 1930.

Jonas, Gerald. The CirCllit Rid",.,:.New York: W.W. 'orton & Company, 1989.

Jordan, David Starr. War and the B"eed: The Relation of War to the Downfall ofNatio1lS. Boston: The Beacon
Press, 1915.

Kater, Michael H. Docton Under Hitler. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1989.

Katz, Esther. The Selected Papers of Margaret Sanger: Volume I: The Woman Rebel, 1900-1928. Chicago:
University of Illinois Press, 2003.

Kennedy, David M. Birth Control in America: The Cm"m" of Margaret Sangn: ew Haven, CT: Yale
University Press, 1970.

Kershaw, Jan. Hitln': 1889 - 1936: Hubris. New York: W. W, Norton & Company, 1998.

Kevles, Daniel J. In The Name of Eugenics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1985.

Klein, Maury. The Life and Legend ofE.H. Harriman. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina
Press, 2000.

Kogon, Eugen. The Them"] and Practice of Hell, New York: Berkley Books, 1980.

Krau/l, Hans. Die G11lndgedanken der Erbkunde 111ldRossenhygie1le in Frage und Antwort, Miinchen: Verlag
der Arztlichen Rundschau O. Gmelin, 1935.

Krieger, Heinrich, Das Rossenrecht in den Vereinigten Staateu. Berlin: Junker und Diinnhaupt Verlag, 1936.

Kruta, V. and V. Orel, "Johann Gregor Mendel." In Dictionary of Scientific Biography. New York: Scribner's,
1970-1980.

Kiihl, Stefan. Die Intemationale dn' Rossisten: Aufstieg 111ldNiedergang de1"intn7lationaleu Bewegungfiir
Eugenik 111ldRassenhygiene im zwanzigsten Jah,·hll1ldet"t. Frankfurt/Main: Campus, 1997.

Kiihl, Stefan. The Nazi Connection: Eugenics, American Rocism, and Gemul1l National Socialism. New York:
Oxford University Press, 1994.

Lagnado, Lucette Matalon and Sheila Cohn Dekel. Child,'en of the Flames. New York: William Morrow and
Company, Inc., 1991.

Lapan, Lenny. Mass Murd ••"••"sin White Coats: Psychiatric Genocide in Nazi G••many and the United States.
Springfield, MA: Psychiatric Genocide Research Institute, 1986,

Laughlin, Harry H. Eugenical Sterilization in the United States. Chicago: Psychopathic Laboratory of the
Municipal Court of Chicago, 1922.

Laughlin, Harry H. Eugenical Sterilization: 1926: Histo,"ical, Legal, and StatistiCllI Review of Eugenical
Sterilization in the United States. Lancaster, PA: Lancaster Press, 1926.

Laughlin, Harry H. Immigration and Conquest: A RepO/'Cof The Special Committee on Immigration and
Naturalization of the ChmnbC1'of Comme7"Ceof the State of New Yo,k New York: The Special Committee
on Immigration and Naturalization of the Chamber of Commerce of the State of New York, 1939.

Laughlin, Harry H. The Legal Status ofEugmical StC1"ilization. Washington, DC: Eugenic Record Office of
the Carnegie Institute of Washington, 1930.

Laughlin, Harry H. The Second Intmwtional &:hibition ofEugmics. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins Co.,
1923.

Laughlin, Harry H. Statistical DirectO/) of State Institlltions for the Defective, Dependent, and Delinquent
Classes. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1919.

Lemann, Nicholas. The Big Test: The Secret Histo/) of the Ame";can Me7'itocracy. New York: Farrar, Straus
and Giroux, 1999.

Lemkin, Raphael. Axis Rule in Occupied Em'ope: Analysis, hoposals for Red,'ess, Washington DC: Carnegie
Endowment for International Peace, 1944.

Leonard, E. M, The Etwly Histmy of Englisb Poor Relief Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1900;
London: FrankCass & Co., 1965.

Lifton, RobertJay. The Nazi Doctors: Medical Killing and the Psychology ofGmocide. New York: Basic Books,
1986.

Lipstadt, Deborah E. Beyond Belief New York: The Free Press, 1986.

Lookstein, Haskel. we,'e we am' Brothe7''s Keepers? The Public Response of Ame7'ican Jews to tbe Holocaust,
1938-1944. New York: Vintage Books, 1985.

Macrakis, Kristie. Surviving the Swastika: Scientific Researeb in Nazi Ge77/1any. ew York: Oxford University
Press, 1993.

Malthus, Thomas R. An Essay on tbe Principle of Population. Compo Donald Winch. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1992.

Marks, Paula Mitchell. In a Barrm Land: American Indian Dispossessionand Survival. New York: William
Morrow and Company, Inc., 1998.

Max Lerner, ed. The Mind and Faith ofJustice Holmes. Garden City, NY: Halcyon House, 1943.

Mazumdar, Pauline M.H. Eugenics, Human Genetics and Human Failings. London: Routledge, 1992.

McCann, Carole R. Birth Control Politics in the United States, 1916-1945. Ithaca, New York: Cornell
University Press, 1994.

McCulloch, Oscar C "The Tribe ofIshmael: A Study In Social Degradation." In hoceedings of tbe
National Confermce ofCbarities and CO/nction. Boston: George H. Ellis, 1888.

McLaren, Angus. Our Own Master Race: Eugmics in Canada, 1885 - 1945. Toronto, Ontario: McClelland &
Stewart, Inc.

McWilliams, Carey. Nortb F>-omMexico: Tbe Spanisb-Speaking People of the United States. New York:
Greenwood Press, 1968.

Meads, Manson. The Miracle on Hawthorne Hill. Winston-Salem, NC: Wake Forest University, 1988.

Means, O.M. Ki"ksville, Missouri: Its Business and its Beauties as seen th"ough the Camera. Journal Print Co,
1900.

Miller, Marvin D. Te'7/1inating tbe "Socially Inadequate": Tbe Al1w'ican Eugmicists and tbe Ge7"111anRace
Hygmists California to Cold Sp"ing Hm'bO/; Long Island to GC17nany.Commack, NY: Malamud-Rose,
1996.

Muller, Filip. Eyewitness Auschwitz: Three Yean in the Gas ChambC1'S.Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 1979.

Muller-Hill, Benno. MurdC1'ous Science. Trans. G. R. Fraser. Cold Spring Harbor, !\'Y: Cold Spring Harbor
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SEARCH ENGINES

Modern research cannot be efficiently undertaken without the use ofInternet search engines. I have listed
here some of the engines we employed to search across the worldwide web as well as institutional databases.

INTERNET SOURCES

While Internet research is essential to contemporary historical investigation, I discovered that virtually
nothing on the web dedicated to eugenics was reliable, including some websites operated by respected academic
entities. At the same time, I found certain noneugenic sites extremely valuable for their background
and contextual information, especially when the site was an official organizational or governmental site.
Hence while I consulted and searched through hundreds, perhaps thousands of websites, only a precious
few of the most reliable are listed below.

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