1. SeeJili Durance and William Shamblin, ed.,
Appalachian Wilys (Washington D.C.: The
Appalachian Regional Commission, 1976), pp.
8-9, 18-19, 24, 32, 79-80. Also see Carolyn and
Jack Reeder, Shenandoah HeI'itage: The Story of
tbe People Beft"e the Park (Washington D.C.:
The Potomac Appalachian Trail Club, 1978).
2. "Welfare Cause For Sterilization, " Ricbmond
Times-Dispatcb, 6 April 1980.
3. "Welfare Cause For Sterilization, " Richmond
Times-Dispatch, 6 April 1980.
4. Charles B. Davenport, HeI'edity In Relation To
Eugenics, p. 257-258; see Bleecker Van
Wagenen, chairman, Preliminary Report of the
Committee of the Eugenic Section of the AlllericOl1
Breeder's Association to Study and to Report on the
Best Practical Means for Cutting Off the Defective
Gel71t-Plasm in the Human Population (ABA), p.
4; also see Paul Popenoe and Roswell Hill
Johnson, Applied Eugenics, rev. ed. (New York:
Macmillan Company, 1935), p. 396-397 as
compared to Frederick Osborn, Preface to
Eugenics (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1940)
p. 14; also see]. David Smith, Minds Made
Feeble: The Myth and Legacy of the Kallikaks
(Rockville, MD: Aspen Systems Corporation,
1985) p. 21-36, 83-114.
5. The Lynchb1t1"gStory, dir. Stephen
Trombley,
prod. Bruce Eadie, Worldview Pictures, 1993,
videocassette. Poe v. Lynchburg Training School
and Hospital, 518 F. Supp. 789 (W.D. Va. 1981).
6. "Welfare Cause For Sterilization, " Richmond
Times-Dispatch, 6 April 1980.
7. "Welfare Cause For Sterilization, " Richmond
Times-Dispatch, 6 April 1980.
8. "Patient 'Assembly Line' Recalled By Sterilized
Man, " Richmond Times-Dispatch, 24 February
1980.
9. "Patient 'Assembly Line' Recalled By Sterilized
Man, " Richmond Times-Dispatch, 24 February
1980.
10. "Patient 'Assembly Line' Recalled By Sterilized
Man, " Richmond Times-Dispatch, 24 February
1980.
II. "Patient 'Assembly Line' Recalled By Sterilized
Man, " Riclnnond Times-Dispatch, 24 February
1980.
12. "Patient 'Assembly Line' Recalled By Sterilized
Man, " Richmond Times-Dispatch, 24 February
1980.
14. The Lynchb1t1"gSto1).
15. The Lynchb1l1"gStory.
16. The Lynchb1l1'gSto, ).
17. See Lothrop Stoddard, The Rising Tide of Color
(New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1926) p.
xxix-xxxi, p. 306-308.
18. "Delegates Urge Wider Practice of
Sterilization, " Richmond Times-Dispatch, 16
January 1934.
19. International Military Tribunal, N'I1"elllbel"g
Military Tribunal, Green Book, Volume V, p. 159.
See International Military Tribunal, Nm'e1!, bel"g
Military Tribunal, Gnen Book, Volume IV, p. 609-
617, 1121-1127, 1158-1159. See United
Nations Resolution 95 (I), "Affirmation of the
Principles of International Law Recognized by
the Charter of the Niirnberg Tribunal." United
Nations Archives. See United Nations
Resolution 96 (I), "The Crime of Genocide."
United Nations Archives. See Office of the
High Commissioner for Human Rights,
"Convention on the Prevention and
Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, " at
www.unhchr.ch.
I. Code of Ha11111lurabi, trans. L. W. King, item #48
at www.wsu.edu.
2. See Henry Hazlitt, The Conquest of Poverty
(New Rochelle, NY: Arlington House, 1973),
Chapter 6.
3. Deuteronomy 15:IINN Study Bible.
4. Luke 7:22; Matthew 10:6-8, 11:4.Matthew 5:5.
5. Catholic Encyclopedia, S.v., "Hospital."
6. Catholic Encyclopedia, 1967, s.v., "Orphan (In
the Early Church)." English Heritage,
"Hospitals, " at www.eng-h.gov.uk.
7. E. M. Leonard, The Eorty Hist01) of English Poor
Relief(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
1900; London: Frank Cass & Co., 1965) pp. 3-
5. EncyciopediaJudaica, s.v., "Black Death."
9. Catholic Encyclopedia, 1967, s.v., "Henry
VIII." Paul Slack, The English Poo, ' Low 1531-
1782, (London: Macmillan Education Ltd.,
1990), pp. 16-17.
10. SeeJohn Bohstedt, Riots and Community Politics
in England and Wales 1790-1810 (Cambridge:
Harvard University Press, 1983).
11. Slack, p. 17. Hazlitt, Chapter 7. Leonard, pp.
10-11.
12. Slack, pp. 18, 25. Hazlitt, Chapter 7.
13. Charles L. Brace, "Pauperism, " North American
Review 120 (1875) as cited by ElofAxel Carlson,
The Unfit: A Histo''1of a Bad Idea (Cold Spring
Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Press, 2001), p. 76. Carlson, p. 77. Hazlitt,
Chapter 7.
14.James Greenwood, The Seven Curses of London
(London: S. Rivers and Co., 1869) Chapter
XXIII.
15.Thomas R. Malthus, An &sayon the p"inciple of
Population, as selected by Donald Winch
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
1992) pp. 19, 100-101, 221.
16. Charles Darwin, The O, "igin of the Species (New
York: D. Appleton & Co., 1881), chapter 3.
Herbert Spencer, Social Statics, (New York:
Robert Schalkenback Foundation, reprint,
1970), pp. 58-60, 289-290, 339-340.
17. Darwin, The Origin of the Species, Chapter 3.
18. See Robert C. Bannister, Social Darwinism:
Science and Myth in Angw-American Social
Thought (Philadelphia: Temple University
Press, 1979), p. xii. See Carlson, pp. 124. See
Daniel Kevles, In The Name of Eugenics
(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1985),
pp.20-21.
19. Genesis 30: 38-42. Matthew 7: 18-19.
20. Herbert Spencer, The P, -;nciplesof Biology (New
York: D. Appleton and Company, 1884) Vol. I,
p.183.
21. V Kruta and V Orel, "Johann Gregor Mendel,
"
Dictionm'1 of Scientific Biography, (New York:
Scribner's, 1970-1980), Vol. IX, p. 277-283, as
cited by Kevles, p. 41. Vitezslav are!, Grego, '
Mendel: The First Geneticist (Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 1996) p. 169.
22. Charles Darwin, The Variation of Animals and
Plants und, , " Domestication (London: John
Murray, 1868; reprint, New York: D. Appleton
& Co., 1883), vol. 2, p. 370.
23. Francis Galton, Me7710riesof my Life, (London:
Methuen & Co., 1908), pp. 46-47, 58. Kevles,
p.5.
24. Letter, Francis Galton to Samuel Galton, 5
December 1838 and Letter, Francis Galton to
Samuel Galton 10November 1838, as cited by
Kevles, p. 303, footnote 10. Copperplate prepared
for Biometrika, circa 1888, at
www.mugu.com.
25. Karl Pearson, The Life, Letten, and Lnbounof
hancis Galton (Cambridge: Cambridge at the
University Press, 1930), Vol. I, p. 232. Galton,
M"n07-;es of my Life, p. 3 15.
26. Pearson, Vol. II, p. 340.
27. Galton, Mnn07-;esofmy Life, pp. 232, 325.
28. Francis Galton, Fing"" Prims (New York: Da
Capo Press, 1965), p. iv.
29. Francis Galton, H, , "editm'1 GenillS:An Inqui, '1
Into Its Laws And Consequences Second Edition
(London: Macmillan & Co., 1892; reprint,
London: Watts & Co., 1950), p. 1. "Sir Francis
Galton FR.S. 1822-1911, " at www.mugu.com.
30. Galton, H, , "editm'1 GenillS, p. I.
Francis Galton,
Rest1-;ctionsin "'!fan"iage(American Journal of
Sociology, 1906), p. 50.
31. Pearson, Vol. I, p. 32.
32. Pearson, Vol. IlIA, p. 348.
33. Personal scrap of paper: Galton Papers 138/1,
UCL. Francis Galton, Inquiries Imo Human
Faculty And Its Development (London: JM Dent
& Co., 1883), p.17.
34. Personal scrap of paper.
35. Francis Galton, Naturallnh"'itance (London:
Macmillan & Co., 1889), pp. 72-79. Francis
Galton, "On The Anthropometric Laboratory
at the Late International Health Exhibition, "
Journal of tbe Anthropowgical Institute, 1884: pp.
205-206.
36. August Weismann, &says Upon Heredity and
Kind, "ed Biological Problems (Oxford: Clarendon
Press, 1889), pp. 190-191.
37. Galton, Natural Inheritance (London:
Macmillan, 1889), pp. 2, 192-197. Francis
Galton, "Regression Towards Mediocrity in
Hereditary Stature, " Jozwnal of the
Antb"opowgicallnstitute (1885), p. 261. See
Francis Galton, "A Diagram of Heredity, "
Nal1tre (1898).
38. Galton, H, , "editm'1 Gmius, p. xviii.
39. Galton, H, , "editary Gmius, p. xx.
40. Francis Galton, "Index To Achievements of
Near Kinsfolk of Some Of The Fellows Of The
Royal Society" (Unrevised proof, 1904 papers),
p. 1: UCL.
41. Pearson, vol. IlIA, p. 349.
42. Francis Galton, "Eugenics: Its Definition,
Scope, and Aims, " The Am, , "ican Journal of
Sociology Vol. X, NO.1 Quly 1904).
43. "Notes On The Early Days Of The 'Eugenics
Education Society, ''' p. 1:Wellcome Library
SAiEUG/B11.
I. Gary B. Nash, Red, White, and Block: The Peoples
of Early America (Englewood Cliffs, NJ:
Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1974), pp. 168-169, 186.
See Library of Congress, [mages of African-
A"1I1C7-;cSalnavery and P, "ccdon, at
www.loc.gov.
2. Daniel J. Kevles, In The Nome of Eugenics,
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press,
1985), p. 21. Mark H. Haller, Eugenics:
He.-editari'lIl Attitudes in American Thought (New
Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press,
1963), pp. 37-38.
3. Michael W. Perry, ed., The Pivot of Civilization:
In Histo, "ical Pe, .spective (Seattle, WA: Inkling
Books, 2001), p. 31.
4. Israel Zangwill, "The Melting Pot: Drama in
Four Acts" (New York:The Macmillan
Company, 1909; reprint, 1919), pp. 215-216.
5. U.S. Department of Commerce, Histo, .ical
Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to
1970, (Washington D.C.: U.S. Department of
Commerce, 1976).
6. See Paula Mitchell Marks, In a Bar, .en Land:
Ame, .ican Indian Dispossessionand Survival (New
York: William Morrow and Company, Inc.,
1998). See Carey McWilliams, North F, .om.
Mexico: The Spanish-Speaking People of the United
States, (New York: Greenwood Press, 1968), pp.
51, 112-113. See Dr. David Pilgrim, "Jim
Crow: Museum of Racist Memorabilia" at
www.ferris.edu. See Immigration and
Naruralization Service, Chinese Exc/urion Act of
May 6, 1882 (22 Statutes-at-La, xe 58) at
www.ins.usdoj.gov. See Immigration and
Taturalization Service, Act of April 29, 1902 (32
StaNtteS-Dt-La"ge 176) at www.ins.usdoj.gov.
7. Edward Alsworth Ross, "The Value Rank of
the American People, " The Independent, pp. 57,
1063.
8. National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People, Thirty Yean of Lynching in the
United States, 1889-1918 (New York:NAACP,
1919; reprint, New York: Negro Universities
Press, 1969)pp. 7, 30-31, 45, 51, 58, 70.
9. Dr. Cecil E. Greek, Lecture Notes, The Positive
School: Biological and Psychological Facton at
www.criminology.fsu.edu.
10. Author's interview with Robin Walsh, Local
History Librarian with SUNY Ulster, 13
November 2002. See AlfEvers, I¥oodstock:
History of all American Town, (Woodstock, New
York: The Overlook Press, 1987).
II. Richard L. Dugdale, The Jukes (New York:
Putnam, 1910), pp. 1-15. "Bad Seed or Bad
Science?" New Yo, ·k Times, 8 February 2003. See
Oscar C. McCulloch, "The Tribe ofIshmael: A
Study In Social Degradation, " P, .occcdillgsof the
National Conference of Charities and Correction
(Boston: George H. Ellis, 1888), p. 154. See
orbert Vogel, "Die Gippe Delta, " Ziel ulld
NOTES II 447
T#g, vol. 7 (1937), no. 4. pp. 85-88. See Dr.
Daniel R. Brower, "Medical Aspects of Crime, "
}oumal of the American Medical Association vol.
32 (1899), p. 1283.
12. Dugdale, pp. 62, 65-66, 72. Richard L.
Dugdale, "Origin of Crime in Society, " The
A tlontic Monthly, Vol. 48, Issue 288 (October
1881), p. 462.
13. Edward S. Morse, "Natural Selection and
Crime, " Populo, . Science Monthly, Vol. 41 (1892),
pp. 433-446, as cited by Elof Alex Carlson, The
Unfit (Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring
Harbor Press, 200 I), p. 171.
14. Diane B. Paul, COIlN"oliingHumall He/'edity
(Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press
International, Inc., 1995), p. 44. Carlson, p.
172. McCulloch, pp. 154-155. The Columbia
Encyclopedia, 6, hEd., s.v. "Jackson Whites."
15. McCulloch, pp. 154-155.
16.Vitezslav Orel, Gregor Mendel: The First
Geneticist (Oxford: Oxford University Press,
1996) pp. 2, 256-257.
17. Orel, pp. 99, 102, 104-105, 120-121.
18. Orel, pp. 270-271. Carlson, p. 137.
19. Orel, pp. 283-288, 291. Caleb Saleeby, "The
Discussion of Alcoholism at the Eugenics
Congress, " British }oumal of Inem-;ety, October
1912, p. 6.
20. Letter, Francis Galton to William Bateson, 8
September 1904: Galton Papers, University
College London 245/3. Letter, Francis Galton
to William Bateson, 12June, 1904: Galton
Papers, University College London 245/3.
21. Karl Pearson and Ethel M. Edlerton, A Second
SN, dy of the Influence of Akoholism on the Physique
and Ability of the Offspring (London: Dulau and
Co., 1910) pp. 39-40.
22. Galton to Bateson, 8 September 1904. Francis
Galton, Index ToAchievements of Near Kimfolk
(Unrevised proof, 1904), p. iii: Galton Papers,
University College London 245/3.
23. Francis Galton, Restnctio1lS in Marriage
(American Journal of Sociology, 1906), p. 3.
Francis Galton, MC11loriesof My Life (London:
Methuen & Co., 1908), p. 310.
24. Galton, Restnctio1lS in Man-;age, pp. 7, 12-13.
25. Galton, MC11lO1"ieps., 322. "Eugenics: Its
Definition, Scope, and Aims, " The American
}01l17lalofSociowgy Vol. X, No.1.
26.John Franklin Bobbitt, "Practical Eugenics,
"
The Pedagogical SC11lillaryvol. XVI (1909), p.
388.
27.Bobbitt, p~385, 38~391.
28. Bobbitt, p. 388. Madison Grant, The Passillg of
the Great Race (New York: Charles Scribner's
Sons, 1936), p. 167.
29. Lothrop Stoddard, The Rising Tide of Color
(New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1926), p.
165. Grant, p. 65.
30. Stoddard, pp. 165-166, 167.
31. Grant, pp. 19-20, 188-212.
32. Grant, pp. 29, 60-64.
33. Harry H. Laughlin, secretary, Bul/etill NO'. lOA:
The RepDrt Dfthe CUll/mittee to Study alld to'RepDrt
0'11the Best Practical Means DfCuctillg Off the
Defective Ge171.-Plasm in the American PDpulatiDn
(Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor,
1914), p. 16.
35. Biography of Andrew Carnegie at
www.carnegie.org. Eugenics Record Office,
"Official Record of the Gift of the Eugenic
Record Office" (Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold
Spring Harbor), p. 3.
36. Eugenics Record Office, "Official Record of the
Gift of the Eugenic Record Office, " pp. 5-6, 12.
37. See Bleecker Van Wagenen, Chainnan,
heliminmy Rep011:Dfthe CDmmittee Dfthe Eugenic
SectiDn Dfthe Am"'icall B"ceder's AssDciatiDn to'
Study and to'RepDrt Dnthe Best Practical Means f01'
Cuttillg Off the Defective GC17ll-Plasm ill the
Humall PDpulatiDll, ABA. See Laughlin, Bul/etill
NO'. lOA.
38. E. Carlton MacDowell, "Charles Benedict
Davenport, 1866-1944: A Study of Conflicting
Influences, " BIOS vol. XVII no. 1, pp. 4, 8.
43. MacDowell, pp. 8, 10.
44. MacDowell, p. 12. Carnegie Institution of
Washington Administrative Files, BiDgraphy Df
Charles DaVC1lp011:, pp. 1-2.
45. MacDowell, pp. 19, 27. See also autographed
photograph, c. 1928 in March 1944 Eugenical
News.
46. MacDowell, pp. 8, 14, 33. Kevles, p. 52.
47. Letter, George Macon to Charles B.
Davenport, 24 June 1899: APS. Letter, e.H.
\\'alters to Charles B. Davenport, 24 May,
1898: APS B-D27. Letter, American Net &
Twine Co. to Charles B. Davenport, 27 July
1899: APS B-D27. Letter, American Net &
l\vine Co. to Charles B. Davenport, I August,
1899:APS B-D27. Letter, University of
Minnesota to Charles B. Davenport, I
September, 1898: APS B-D27.
48. Letter, Walter Rankiss to Charles B.
Davenport, 6June 1898: APS B-D27. Letter,
Rudolph Hering to Charles B. Davenport, 28
March, 1898: APS B-D27. Letter, Katherine
Hobach to Franklin Hooper, 16 April, 1898:
APS B-D27. Letter, e.O. Townsend to Charles
B. Davenport, 2 April, 1898: APS B-D27.
Letter, Dudley Greene to Charles B.
Davenport, II May, 1898: APS B-D27. Letter,
e.O. Townsend to Charles B. Davenport, 14
June, 1898: APS.
49. Letter, Francis Galton to Charles B.
Davenport,
6 April, 1897: APS: B-D27 Galton, Sir Francis.
Letter, Francis Galton to Charles B.
Davenport, 5 May, 1897: APS: B-D27 Galton,
Sir Francis.
50. FrancisJanet Hassencahl, "Harry H. Laughlin,
"Expert Eugenics Agent" for the House
Committee on Immigration and Naturalization"
(ph. D. diss., Case Western Reserve
University, 1970), p. 53. Letter, Francis Galton
to Charles B. Davenport, 20 October, 1899:
APS: B-D27 Galton, Sir Francis. Letter,
Francis Galton to Charles B. Davenport, 19
November, 1903: APS: B-D27 Galton, Sir
Francis.
51. See State Laws Limitillg Marriage SelectiDll,
Eugenics Record Office (Cold Spring Harbor:
Cold Spring Harbor, 1913), pp. 31-36. Also see
Charles B. Davenport, Ritce CrDssillg 111Jamaica,
(Washington: Carnegie Institute of
Washington, 1929). Charles B. Davenport,
"Heredity and Race Eugenics, " p. 10:APS: B-
027.
52. Charles B. Davenport, Heredity ill ReiatiDll to'
EugC1lics(New York: Arno Press & The New
York Times, 1972), pp. 213, 214, 218.
54. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Professor V. L.
Kellogg, 30 October 1912: APS: B-D27-
Kellogg, Professor \l.L.
55. Margaret Sanger, Mm'gm'et Sallger: An
AutDbiDgraphy, (New York:W. w: Norton &
Company, 1938; reprinted by Dover
Publications, Inc., 1971) p. 374.
56. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Franklin
Hooper, 21 April 1902:APS B-D27 Cold
Spring Harbor Beginnings Correspondence #3.
57. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to the Trustees of
the Carnegie Institution, 5 May 1902: APS B-
027 Cold Spring Harbor Beginnings
Correspondence #3.
58. Charles B. Davenport, "A Summary of Progtess
in Experimental Evolution, " p. 5: APS B-D27
Cold Spring Harbor Beginnings
Correspondence #2. Letter, Franklin Hooper to
Charles B. Davenport, 23 May 1902: APS B-
027 Cold Spring Harbor Beginnings
Correspondence #3.
59. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Henry Osborn,
30 May 1902: APS B-D27 Cold Spring Harbor
Beginnings Correspondence #3. Letter, Henry
Osborn to Charles B. Davenport, 25 July 1902:
APS B-D27 Cold Spring Harbor Beginnings
Correspondence #3. Letter, Franklin Hooper to
Charles Wolcott, 24July 1902: APS B-D27
Cold Spring Harbor Beginnings
Correspondence #3.
60. Davenport to Osborn, 30 May 1902.
61. Osborn to Davenport, 25 July, 1902.
Davenport, "A Summary ofProgtess, " pp. 4-5.
62. MacDowell, pp. 19-21. Letter, Francis Galton
to Charles B. Davenport, 28 September 1902:
APS: B-D27 Galton, Sir Francis. Letter,
Charles B. Davenport to Trustees of the
Carnegie Institution, S March 1903: APS BD27
Cold Spring Harbor Beginnings
Correspondence #3.
63. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to John S.
Billings, 3 May 1903: APS B-D27 Cold Spring
Harbor Beginnings Correspondence #1.
Davenport, "A Summary of Progress, " pp. 13-
14.
64. Letter, Charles Davenport to Madison Grant, 3
May 1920: APS B-D27 Grant, Madison #3. See
Stoddard, pp. xxix-xxxi, 306-308.
65. Davenport to Billings, 3 May 1903.
66. Davenport to Billings, 3 May 1903.
67. Davenport to Billings, 3May 1903.
MacDowell, p. 19.
68. W. M. Hays, The American B"eeders Association to
its PO"em, The Associati011of American
A[!7iculturai Collegesand Experiment Stations,
C"eetings (circa 1910): Truman. American
Breeders' Association, "Minutes, " First Annuol
Meeting, 1903, p. 1-2:APS.
69. John H. oyes, Essay on Scientific Propagation,
(Oneida, NY: Oneida Community, 1872), section
2, section 15.
70. Author's interview with National Weather
Service, 1 October 2002. American Breeders'
Association, "Minutes of First Annual Meeting,
St. Louis, Missouri, " p. 4: ABA.American
Breeders' Association, "Constitution and By-
Laws of the American Breeders' Association":
ABA.American Breeders' Association,
"Conuruttees and Their Specific Duties, "
Annual Report, American Breeders' Association,
vol. II (1906), p. 11.
71. Charles B. Davenport, secretary, "Report of
Conlmittee on Eugenics, " Atne'rican Breeders
Association (Washington D.C.: American
Breeders Association, 1911) vol. VI, pp. 92, 93,
94.
72. Willet M. Hays, "Constructive Eugenics, " The
American B, -eedersMagazine, Vol. ill, NO.1
(1912).
73. MacDowell, p. 24. Letter, John Billings to
Charles Walcott, 23 December 1903: APS
BD27 Cold Spring Harbor Beginnings
Correspondence #1. Biography of Andrew
Sledd, President of the University of Florida at
www.president.ufl.edu. History of
Northwestern University Library at
www.library.northwestern.edu.
74. Billings to Walcott 23 December, 1903. Letter,
Charles Davenport toJohn Billings, 6 February
1904: APS BD27 Cold Spring Harbor
Beginnings Correspondence #2.
75. Billings to Walcott 23 December, 1903.
Biography of John Shaw Billings at www.arlingtoncemetery.
com.
1. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to John S.
Billings, 6 February 1904: APS: Cold Spring
Harbor Beginnings Correspondence # I. E.
Carleton MacDowell, "Charles Benedict
Davenport, 1866-1944. A Study of Conflicting
Influences, " BIOS vol. XVII, no. 1, p. 24.
2. MacDowell, p. 24. Carnegie Institution of
Washington, Announcement of Station for
Experimental Evolution (Washington: Carnegie
Institution of Washington, 1905), pp. 2-3:
CSH: crw Administrative Files: Dept. of
Genetics-Biological Laboratory Plans for
Unified Operation.
3. Announcement of Station, p. 4.
4. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Francis
Galton, 27 October 1905: APS. Letter, Francis
Galton to Charles B. Davenport, 21 November
1905: APS: BD27- Galton, Sir Francis.
5. Charles B. Davenport, "Annual Reports of the
Station for Experimental Evolution, " Canzegie
Institution Year Book, (1908) no. 7, p. 90.
MacDowell, p. 26.
6. Charles B. Davenport, secretary, "Report of
Committee on Eugenics, " American Breeders'
Association Annual Report (1911) vol VI, pp. 92-
94. See also Bleecker Van Wagenen,
chairman,
Pre/iminO') Report of the C01nmittee of the Eugenic
Section of the American Breeder~ Association to
Srudy and to Report on the Best P1'OcticaiMeans for
Cutting Off the Defective Cmn-Plasm in the
Human Population: ABA.
7. Letter, Alexander Graham Bell to Charles B.
Davenport, IS April 1909: APS B:D27-
Alexander Graham Bell #4. Letter, Alexander
Graham Bell to Charles B. Davenport, 14May
1909 APS B:D27 - Alexander Graham Bell #4.
Davenport, "Annual Reports of the Station for
Experimental Evolution, " p. 87.
8. Charles B. Davenport, Heredity In Relation To
Eugenics (New York: Henry Holt & Company,
1911; reprint, New
York:Arno Press Inc.,
1972), p. 260. Harry Laughlin, secretary, Report
of the C0111mitteeto Study and to Repo, 't on the Best
P1'OcticaiMeans of Cutting Off the Defective
Cemt-Plasm in the American Population (Cold
Spring Harbor: Cold Spring Harbor, 1914), p.
16.
10. Davenport, HC1'edityin Relation to Eugenics, p.
271. Davenport, "Report of Committee on
Eugenics, " pp. 91, 92.
II. Davenport, "Report of Committee on
Eugenics" (1906), pp. 92-93.
13. Maury Klein, The Life and Legend ofE.H.
Han'iman, (Chapel Hill, NC: The University of
North Carolina Press, 2000), p. 118, 152, 182-
183, 184, 218-219, 357. Letter, William Loeb
to C. Hart Merriam, 28 May 1907:APS.
14. Klein, pp. 6, 440-441.
15. "Death of Mrs. Rumsey, " Eugenical News, vol.
XIX (1934), p. 106. McDowell, p. 29. Klein, p.
299.
16. Klein, p. 8. McDowell, p. 29.
18. Eugenics Record Office, Official Record of the
Gift of the Eugenics Record Office, Cold Sp"ing
Hm'b07; Long Island, New York by Mn E.H.
Hmri111an to the Carnegie Institution of
Washington and of its Acceptance by the InstiNttion
(Cold Spring Harbor, New York: Eugenics
Record Office, 1918), pp. 19, 21: CSH.
19. Letter, Charles B. Davenporr to Mrs. E.H.
Harriman, 23 May 1910: APS B:D27
Harriman, Mrs. E #1.
20. Davenport to Harriman, 23 May 1910.
2 1. See Davenport to Harriman, 23 May 1910.
22. Davenport to Harriman, 23 May 1910. Letter,
Charles B. Davenport to Mrs. E.H. Harriman,
10 October, 1910: APS B:D27 APS B:D27
Harriman, Mrs. E #1.
23. Davenport to Harriman, 23 May 1910.
24. Davenport to Harriman, 23 May 1910.
25. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Mrs. E.H.
Harriman, 20July, 1920: APS B:D27 APS
B:D27 Harriman, Mrs. E #1.
26. See O.M. Means, Ki"ksville, Misso, , , .i: Its Business
and its Beamies tIS seen th"ough the Call1''''a
Oournal Print Co, 1900) p. 1-2, 16; see Wallin
Directory Company,
Kirksville City Directory,
(Quincy, Illinois: Hoffman Printing Co.,
1899),
p. 1.
27. P. O. Selby, Histo'yofthe First Christian Chw"Ch
(Disciples of Christ) of Ki"ksville, Missouri (1964):
Truman E-I-I:IO. P. O. Selby, One Hund"ed
Twenty- Three Biographies of Deceased FaCltlty
Me111b", 's(Northeast Missouri State Teachers
College, 1963), pp. 47-48.
28. Selby, Hist07Y of the First Christian. Interviews
with Mrs. Harold McClure, as cited by Frances
Janet Hassencahl, "Harry H. Laughlin, 'Expert
Eugenics Agent' for the House Committee on
Immigration and aturalization, 1921 to
1931." (ph. D. diss., Case Western Reserve
University, 1970), pp. 45-46. MarkH.
Laughlin, A Reverie: or One Day in a W0111anS
Life (Honolulu, HI, n.d.), p. 18-19: Truman E-
1-1:10
29. Laughlin, A Reverie: or One Day in a W0111ans
Life. Charles B. Davenport, "Harry Hamilton
Laughlin 1880-1943, " Eugenical News Vol.
XXVIII (1943), p. 43. Hassencahl, pp. 42-43.
Private Papers of Mrs. George Laughlin as
cited by Hassencahl, pp. 45. Interview with
Mrs. McClure, as cited by Hassencahl, p. 45.
30. Laughlin papers as cited by Hassencahl, pp. 49-
50.
31. Interview with Mark Laughlin, cited by
Hassencahl, pp. 50-51.
32. Harry H. Laughlin, unpublished manuscript,
"World Government: The Structure and
Functioning of a Feasible Civil Government of
the Earth": Truman B-5-1:1O. Harry H.
Laughlin, unpublished manuscript, "Chapter II:
Text: The Proposed World Constitution":
Truman B-5-2B:7. Harry H. Laughlin, unpublished
manuscript, "The Principles of Nation-
Rating": Truman B-5-1 :6. Letter, Harry H.
Laughlin to H.G. Wells, 19 February 1921:
Truman B-5-4B: 12.
33. Letter, Hamilton Fish Armstrong to Harry H.
Laughlin, II June 1941: Truman C-4-5:9.
Letter, Embajada De Colombia to Harry H.
Laughlin: 4 June 1941,
Truman C-4-5:9. Letter,
H.R. Waddell to Harry H. Laughlin, 24 June
1941: Truman C-4-5:9. Letter, Harry H.
Laughlin to Ida]' Dacus, 29 May [941: Truman
C-4-5:9. Letter, "Villiam Allan to Harry H.
Laughlin, 26June 1941:Truman C-4-5:9.
Letter, Mrs. Anthony Conrad Eiser to Harry H.
Laughlin, 30Ju[y 1941: Truman C-4-5:9.
Letter,
Andres Pastoriza to Harry H. Laughlin,
5June 1941:Truman C-4-5:9. Letter, Paul
Popenoe to Harry H. Laughlin, 9June 1941:
Truman C-4-5:9. Letter, Verna B. Grimm to
Harry H. Laughlin, 9June 1941:Truman C-4-
5:9. Letter, G. Burke to Harry H. Laughlin, 10
June 1941:Truman C-4-5:9. Letter, W. E.
Rendell to Harry H. Laughlin, 5June 1941:
Truman C-4-5:7. Letter, Francisco Castillo
Najera to Harry H. Laughlin, 6June, 1941:
Truman C-4-5:7. Letter, Luis Fernandez to
Harry H. Laughlin, IOJune 1941: Truman C-
4- 5:7. Letter, Arturo Lares to Harry H.
Laughlin,
4 June 1941:Truman C-4-5:7. Letter,
Secretary to Mr. Fosdick to
Harry H. Laughlin,
12June 1941: Truman C-4-5:9. Letter, S.
Shepard Jones to Harry H. Laughlin, 12June
1941: Truman C-4-5:9. Letter, Henry Allen
Moe to Harry H. Laughlin, 20 September
1932: Truman C-2-2:11; see also "Conquest by
Immigration (Sent to the following)": Truman
C-4-3:1.
34. Letter, Harry H. Laughlin to Madison Grant,
16January 1928:Truman C-2-5:11. Letter,
Harry H. Laughlin to Dr.
Domingo F. Ramos,
23 September [927: Truman C-2-5:11. Letter,
Harry H. Laughlin to Madison Grant, 26
January 1928:Truman C-2-5:11. Letter, Harry
H. Laughlin to Charles B. Davenport, 7 April
1928: Truman C-2-5:11. Letter, G.L.B. to Mr.
Carr, 19January 1928: State Department
59.250.22.33.7 box 6484. Letter, Harry H.
Laughlin to Secretary of State Frank B.
Kellogg, 23 March 1928: State Department
59.250.22.11.2 box 5502. Letter, HarryH.
Laughlin to President Calvin Coolidge, 28
December 1927: State Department
59.250.22.33.7 box 6484. Letter, Husband to
Secretary of State Frank B. Kellogg, 7 April
1928: State Department 59.250.22.11.2 box
5502. Letter, Carr to Secretary of State Frank
B. Kellogg, 13 April 1928: State Department
59.250.22.11.2 box 5502. Letter, Carr to
Secretary of State Frank B. Kellogg, 12 April
1928: State Department 59.250.22 .11.2 box
5502. Letter, Carr to Secretary of State Frank
B. Kellogg, 18 April 1928: State Deparonent
59.250.22.11.2 box 5502. Letter, W.H.
Williams to Harry H. Laughlin, 8June In!:
Truman E-2-5:5. Letter, Acting Secretary of the
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
to Harry H. Laughlin, 28 October 1919:
Truman E-2-5:18.
35. Laughl;n papers, cited by Hassencahl, p. 50.
36. Letter, Harry H. Laughlin to Charles B.
Davenport, 17May 1907:CSH Laughlin
Correspondence. Letter, Harry H. Laughlin to
Charles B. Davenport, 30 May, 1907: CSH
Laughlin Correspondence.
38. Davenport to Harriman, 20July 1910.
Davenport to Harriman, 10 October 1910.
39. Davenport to Harriman, 10 October 1910.
40. Harry H. Laughlin, secretary, Bulletin No. lOB:
The Report of the Committee to Study and to Report
011the Best Practical Mealls of Cutting Off the
Defective Germ-Plasm ill the American Population
(Cold Spring Harbor: Cold Spring Harbor,
1914), p. 145: CSH. Harry H. Laughlin,
secretary,
Bulletill No. lOA: The Report of the
Committee to Study and to Repo'T 011the Best
P.-actical Meam of Cutting Off the Defective
GenII-Plasm in the Americall Population (Cold
Spring Harbor: Cold Spring Harbor, 1914), pp.
46-47, 58: CSH.
41. Davenport to Harriman, 20 July, 1910. Harry
H. Laughlin, "Report On The Organization
and the First Eight Months' Work of the
Eugenics Record Office, " American B, 'eeders
Magazine, no. 2, vol. II (1911).
42. Laughlin, "Report On The Organ;zation and
the First Eight Months' Work of the Eugenics
Record Office."
43. Report on the Organization and the First Eight
Months' Work of the ERO, by Laughlin, ABA
reprint NO.2 Vol II, 1911 pp. 1-2.
44. Laughlin, "Report On The Organization and
the First Eight Months' Work of the Eugenics
Record Office."
45. Laughlin, "Report On The Organization and
the First Eight Months' Work of the Eugenics
Record Office." Carnegie Institution of
Washington, Year Book NO.1 0 (Washington:
Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1912), p.
80. See The Columbia Encyclopedia,
6'" ed.,
s.v. "Huntington's disease."
46. Laughlin, "Report On The Organ;zation and
the First Eight Months' Work of the Eugenics
Record Office." Eugenics Record Office, Report
for Six Mo11ths Ending Mm'ch 3I, 19I I, CSH, p.
1. Hist01-;calOve'rview: Developme1lt of Public
Responsibility fo, ' the Mentally 111in Massachusetts
(article on-line: accessed 19 September 2002);
available from www.1856.org. See Charles B.
Davenport and David Weeks, A First Study of
l11heritallce ill Epilepsy: Eugenics Reco, ·d Office
Bulletill NO.4 (Cold Spring Harbor: Cold
Spring Harbor, NY, 1911), p. 5: CSH.
47. Davenport and Weeks, p. 2. Eugen;cs Records
Office, "Method for Studying the Hereditary
History of Patients as used at the New Jersey
State Village for Epileptics, New Jersey State
Village for Epileptics Schedules and Forms,
"
circa 1911, p. 6: APS ERO Series 1.
48. "Method for Studying the Hereditary History
of Patients as used at the New Jersey State
Village for Epileptics, " pp. 2, 8.
49. Davenport, Heredity lu Relation To Eugenics, pp.
257-258. See Van Wagenen, p. 4. Also see Paul
Popenoe and Roswell Hill Johnson, Applied
Eugenics, rev. ed. (New York: Macmillan
Company, 1935) pp. 396-397 as compared to
Frederick Osborn, P, 'eface to Eugenics (New
York: Harper & Brothers, 1940) p. 14. Also see
J. David Smith, Minds Made Feeble: The Myth
and Legacy of the Kallikaks (Rockville, MD:
Aspen Systems Corporation,
1985) pp. 21-36,
83-114.
50. Davenport and Weeks, pp. 2, 19, 29-30. Letter,
Charles B. Davenport to Mrs. E. H. Harriman,
18 December 1911:
APS B:Dn - Harriman,
Mrs. E.H. #3.
51. Davenport and Weeks, pp. 9-10.
52. Davenport and Weeks, p. 1.
53. Davenport and Weeks, p. 30.
54. Laughlin, "Report On The Organization and
the First Eight Months' Work of the Eugenics
Record Office, " pp. 109-110.
55. Laughlin, "Report On The Organization and
the First Eight Months' Work of the Eugenics
Record Office, " p. 110. Also see Albert Edward
Wiggam and Stephen S. Visher, "Needed:
Faculty Family Allowances, " Eugenics,
Vol. III,
No. 12 (December 1930), pp. 445-446. Also see
discussion, "The Faculty Birth Rate: Should It
Be Increased?
, " Eugel1ics, Vol. Ill, TO.12
(December 1930), pp. 458-460.
56. Official Record of the Gift of the Eugenics Record
Office, pp. 3, 21. Letter, David Starr Jordan to
Mrs. E.H. Harriman, 22 July, 1910: APS B:D
n -Harriman, Mrs. E. #1. Origins of Cold
Spring Harbor. Letter, Alexander Graham Bell
to Charles B. Davenport, 9 March 1915: APS
B:Dn Alexander Graham Bell #7. Letter,
Charles B. Davenport to Dr. William H.
""elch, I March 1915: APS B:Dn Alexander
Graham Bell #7. "A County Survey, " Eugenical
News Vol. I ('916), p. 24.
57. Van Wagenen, p. 2. Laughlin, Bulletin No. IOA,
p.5.
58. Laughlin, Bulletin No. IOA, pp. 5, 6, 12, 17. Dr.
Lucien Howe, "Presidential Address of the
Eugenics Research Association: The Control of
Law of Hereditary Blindness,
" Eugenical News,
July 1928, p. 6. See Letter from Lucien Howe
to Dr. Best, 4 October 192 7: APS Series V
59. Laughlin, Bulletin No. IOA, pp. 7, 8.
60. Laughlin, Bulletin No. lOA, pp. 15-16.
Davenport,
Heredity In Relation To Eugenics, p. 221.
61. Laughlin, Bulletin No. IOA, p. 15. Van
Wagenen, p. 5.
62. Laughlin, Bulletin No. IOA, p. 15. Davenport,
Heredity In Relation To Eugenics, pp. 221-222.
63. Laughlin, Bulletin No. lOA, p. 15.
64. Laughlin, Bulletin No. lOA, pp. 8, 9.
65. Laughlin, Bulletin No. IOB, p. 74, 75. Also see
Edwin Black,
The Transfer Agreement,
(Washington, D.C.: Dialog Press, 1999)
pp. 4,
26.
66. Laughlin, Bulletin No. IOB, pp. 74, 75.
67. Laughlin, Bulletin No. IOA, pp. 45-47, 53-56.
Davenport, Heredity In Relation To Eugenics, p.
259. Van Wagenen, p. 7. Also see The Human
Betterment Foundation, Human Sterilization
(Pasadena: The Human Betterment
Foundation, 1929). Also see Popenoe, pp. 150-
151. Also see E.S. Gosney and Paul Popenoe,
Ste17/ization fo, ' Human Bette171Unt(New York:
The Macmillan Company, 1929), pp. xv, 21, 31.
68. Laughlin, Bulletin No. IOA, pp. 45-46, 55.
69. Laughlin, Bulletin No. IOA, pp. 6, 13. Van
Wagenen, p. 20. Karl Pearson and Ethel
Elderton, A Second Study of the Influence of
Parental Akoholism on the Physique and Ability of
the OffSf1"ing(London: Dulau and Co. Limited,
1910), pp. 39-40.
71. Laughlin, Bulletin No. IOA, p. 9.
I. Martin W. Barr, Mental Defectives
(philadelphia: Blakiston, 1904; reprint, New
York: Amo Press, 1973), p. 195-6. Mark H.
Haller, Eugenics: He1'editm7an Attitudes in
American Thought (New Brunswick, New
Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1963), p. 48.
2. "Obituary: Dr. Harry C. Sharp: A Medical
Leader, " The New York Times, I November
1940. ElofAxel Carlson, The Unfit: A History of
a Bad Idea (Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold
Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 200 I),
pp,
207, 208, 224. Dr. A. J. Ochsner, "Surgical
Treatment of Habitual Criminals, " Journal of
the American Medical Association vol. XXXIII
(1899), p. 867 -868.
3. Dr. Harry C. Sharp, "The Severing of the Vasa
Deferentia and its Relation to the
Neuropsychopathic Constitution, " New York
Medical Journal, 8 March 1902, p. 413; Dr.
Daniel R. Brower, "Medical Aspects of Crime,
"
Journal of the American Medical Association, vol.
XXXII (1899), pp. 1282- 1287.
4. Sharp, p. 413. Carlson, p. 214.
7. "An Act for the Relief of the Poor, " 30January
1824: Indiana Historical Society. Also see Oscar
C. McCulloch, "The Tribe of Ishmael: A Study
In Social Degradation, " Proceedings of the
National Conference of Charities and Correction
(Boston: George H. Ellis, 1888), pp. 154-159.
8. McCulloch, pp. 154, 159.
9. McCulloch, pp. 154, 157-159. Carlson, p. 174.
10. Carlson, pp. 185-186, 188, 190.
II. Thurman B. Rice, "A Chapter In The Early
History of Eugenics in Indiana, " selected by
Paul Popenoe, Eugenical News vol. XXXIII No
1-2 (March-June 1948), pp. 24-25.
12. Carlson, pp. 210-211. Rice, p. 27.
13. Carlson, pp. 218-219. Harry H. Laughlin,
Eugtmical Sterilization in the United States
(Chicago: Psychopathic Laboratory of the
Municipal Court of Chicago, 1922), p. 35.
17. Bleecker Van Wagenen, chairman, P, 'eliminary
Report of the Committee of the Eugtmic Section of
the Ame1'ican Breeder~ Association to Study and to
Report on the Best Practical Means for Cutting Off
the Defective Ge17ll-PlaSlll in the Human
Population, p. 18: ABA.
19. Harry H. Laughlin, secretary, Bulletin No. IOA:
The Report of the Committee to Study and to Report
on the Best Practical Means of Cutting Off the
Defective Germ-PiaSlll in the Ame17can Population
(Cold Spring Harbor: Cold Spring Harbor,
1914), fold-out on "Sterilization Bills Introduced
Into Legislatures, But Which Were
Defeated or Have Not Yet Become Laws.":
CSH.
20. Laughlin, Eugenical Sterilization in the United
States, pp. 6, 8. Laughlin, Bullet;', IOA, fold-out
on "Analysis of Existing Sterilization Laws,
1913."
21. Laughlin, Eugenical Ste17/ization: 1926, p. 10.
Laughlin, Bulletin IOA, fold-out on "Analysis of
Existing Sterilization Laws, 1913."
22. Laughlin, Eugtmical Sterilization in the United
States, pp. 8-9, 21. Laughlin, Bulletin lOA, foldout
on "Analysis of Existing Sterilization Laws,
1913." Laughlin, Bulletin No. IOA, fold-out on
"Sterilization Bills Introduced Into
Legislatures, But Which Were Defeated or
Have Not Yet Become Laws."
23. Laughlin, Eugtmical Ste17/ization in the United
States, pp. 23-24. Laughlin, Bulletin lOA, foldout
on "Analysis of Existing Sterilization Laws,
1913." William A. DeGregorio, The Complete
Book of u.s. Preside7lts: Third Edition, (New
York: Wing Books, 1991), pp. 416-417, 424-
425. Entry number 64927, The Columbia World
of Quotations
, 1996 (New York: Bartelby.com,
2001).
24. Laughlin, Euge7lical Ste'rilization in the United
States, pp. 25-26. Laughlin, Bulletin lOA, foldout
on "Analysis of Existing Sterilization Laws,
1913, " fold-out continuation.
25. Laughlin, Bulletin lOA, fold-out on "Analysis of
Existing Sterilization Laws, 1913, " fold-out
continuation. Van Wagenen, p. 15. Carlson, pp.
216, 226.
29. "Notes on the Early Days of the 'Eugenics
Education Society',
" unpublished manuscript,
p. 11, 13: SAIEUG/B II Wellcome Library.
30. Overview of Galton's life, at www.mugu.com.
Daniel]. Kevles,
In The Name ofEuge7lics,
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University
Press,
1985), pp. 63-64. Leonard Darwin citation in
Michael W. Perry, ed., Euge7licsand Other Evils
(Seattle, WA: Inkling Books, 2000), p. 23. C.W.
Saleeby citation in Perry, p. 36. See "The
International Eugenics Congress, An Event of
Great Importance in the History of Evolution,
Has Taken Place, " Journal of the American
Medical Association vol. LIX, no. 7, p. 555. See
Dr. Caleb W. Saleeby, "The Discussion of
Alcoholism at the Eugenics Congress, " British
Joumaloflnelrriety, October 1912, pp. 1, 2-3, 5-
6. See Dr. Caleb W. Saleeby, "The House of
Life: The Mental Deficiency Bill, "July 23
1912. See Charles B. Davenport, "A Discussion
of the Methods and Results of Dr. Heron's
Critique, " Eugenics Record Office Bulletin No. 11:
Reply to the Criticism of Recent American Wo, ·k by
Dr. Heron of the Galton Laboratory (Cold Spring
Harbor, NY: Eugenics Record Office,
1914),
pp. 23-24. Carnegie Institution of Washington,
Announcement of Station for Experimental
Evolution (Washington: Carnegie Institution of
Washington, 1905), pp. 4: APS: Davenport
Beginnings of Cold Spring Harbor. The
Eugenics Education Society, "Programme,
"
Problems in Eug", ics Vol. 11: Rep01"tof Proceedings
of the Fint IntE17lOtionalEugenical Congress
(Kingsway, W.c.,
Eugenics Education Society,
19!3), p.I, 3, 5, 6-13.
31. "Programme, " Problems ;', Eugenics Vol. 11, p. 5.
Jon Alfred Mj0en, "Harmonic and Disharmonic
Racecrossing, " Eugenics in Race and State, Vol. 1/:
SciE1ltificPapers of the Second Intemational
Congress of Eugenics, (Baltimore: Wilkins and
Wilkins, 1923), pp. 58-60.
32. "London Letter, " JOltn101 of the American
MedicalAssociation vol. LIX (1912), p. 555.
"Programme, " P"obienzs in Eugenics Vol. 11, p. 2.
Letter,
Wmston Churchill to unknown recipient,
27 May 19/0: PRO- HO
144/1085/193548/1. Letter, William Borland to
the Department of State, 25 March, 1912: NA:
59/250/22/10/3-5459 Doc. No. 540.1E1.
Letter, Huntington Wilson, Acting Secretary of
State, to William Borland: NA:
59/250/22/10/3-5459 Doc. No. 54O.IE1.
Letter, Philander Chase Knox to Lord
Weardale, 28 February 1911: NA:
59/250/22/14/4-5656 Doc. No. 592.7BI/4.
33. Letter, Philander Chase Knox to Mr. Alfred
Mitchell Innes, Charge d'affairs of Great
Britain, 3July 19/2: NA: 59/250/22/10/3-5459
Doc. No. 54O.1A1/2. Letter, Henry L. Stimson
to Philander Chase Knox, 20 June 1912: NA:
59/250/22/10/3-5459 Doc. No. 540.1AI/1.
34. Letter, Philander Chase Knox to Governor
Phillip L. Goldsborough, 20June 19/2: NA:
59/250/22/10/3-5459 Doc. 0.54O.1AI/1.
Letter, Philander Chase Knox to Governor
Woodrow
, Vilson, 20June 1912:NA:
59/250/22/10/3-5459 Doc. No. 54O.IAI/1.
Letter, Philander Chase Knox to Governor
Walter R. Stubbs, 20June 1912: A:
59/250/22/10/3-5459 Doc. No. 54O.1AI/l.
Letter, Philander Chase Knox to Governor
James B. McCreary, 20June 1912: NA:
59/250/22/10/3-5459 Doc. No. 540.1AI/1.
Letter, Philander Chase Knox to Dr. L.S.
Rowe, President, American Academy of
Political and Social Science, 20June 1912: NA:
59/250/22/10/3-5459 Doc. No. 540.1AI/1.
Letter, Philander Chase Knox to Professor
H.W. Farnam, President, American ECOnOlTllC
Association, 20 June 1912:NA:
59/250/22/10/3-5459 Doc. 0.54O.1AI/1.
Letter, Philander Chase Knox to Dr. W. W.
Keen, President, American Philosophical
Society, 20June 1912: NA: 59/250/22/10/3-
5459 Doc. No. 540.1AI/1. Letter, Philander
Chase Knox to Dr. Reuben Peterson,
President,
American Gynecological Society, 20June 1912:
NA: 59/250/22/10/3-5459 Doc. No.
540.1AI/1. Letter, Philander Chase Knox to
Dr. W. N. Bullard, President, American
eurological Association, 20 June 1912: NA:
59/250/22/10/3-5459 Doc. No. 540.1AI/I.
Letter, Philander Chase Knox to Dr. W. Leslie
Carr, President, American Pediatric Society, 20
June 1912: NA: 59/250/22/10/3-5459 Doc. No.
54O.IAI/I. Letter, Philander Chase Knox to
Dr. John B. Murphy, President, American
Medical Association, 20June 1912: NA:
59/250/22/10/3-5459 Doc. No. 540.IAI/1.
Letter, Phjlander Chase Knox to Dr. Charles E.
Bessey, President, American Association for the
Advancement of Science, 20June 1912: NA:
59/250/22/10/3-5459 Doc. No. 54O.1AI/1.
Letter, Philander Chase Knox to Dr. John H.
Finley, President, American Social Science
Association, 20 June 1912: NA:
59/250/22/10/3-5459 Doc. No. 54O.1AI/I.
Letter, Philander Chase Knox to Professor C.
E. Seashore, President, American Psychological
Association, 20June 1912: A:
59/250/22/10/3-5459 Doc. No. 54O.1AI/I.
35. Letter, Ira Remsen, President, ational
Academy of Sciences,
to Philander Chase Knox,
24 June 1912: NA: 59/250/22/10/3-5459 Doc.
o. 54O.1AI/I. Letter, Henry L. Stimson to
PhilanderC. Knox, 8July8 1912:NA:
59/250/22/10/3-5459 Doc. No. 54O.IAI/1.
36. Joseph Frazier Wall, And1'e71!Carnegie (New
York: Oxford University Press, 1970), pp. 644-
645.
37. "The International Eugenics Congress."
Saleeby, "The Discussion of Alcoholism at the
Eugenics Congress,
" p. 6. Also see Saleeby,
"The House of Life: The Mental Deficiency
Bill."
38. Saleeby, "The House of Life: The Mental
Deficiency Bill."
39. Saleeby, "The Discussion of Alcoholism, " p. 6.
40. "The International Eugenics Congress."
41. Charles B. Davenport, He'redity In Relation To
Eugenics (New York: Henty Holt & Company,
1911; reprint, New
York: Arno Press Inc.,
1972), p. 241.
42. Davenport, p. 67. "How Heredity Builds Our
Lives, " Eugenical News,
Vol. XXVII (1942),
p.53.
43. Davenport, pp. 216, 219.
45. Davenport, p. 1; also see Letter, Charles B.
Davenport to Professor v.L. Kellogg, 30
October 1912:APS B:D27 Kellogg, Vernon #3.
Davenport, pp. 80-82.
46. Davenport, pp. 255-259.
47. "College Courses in Genetics and Eugenics,
"
Eugenical News vol. 1 (1916), pp. 26-27.
48. Carnegie Institution of Washington, "ERO
Schedule: Inquiry Into the Nature of
Instruction Offered By Schools and Colleges in
Eugenics (Not Sex-Hygiene) and Human
Heredity": APS: ERO documents, Series X.
Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Professor
Irving Fisher, 8 February 1916: APS: BD27-
Fisher #1.
49. Hamilton Cravens, The Triumph of Evolution:
The Heredity-Environment Controversy, 1900-
1941, (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University
Press, 1988), p. 53.
50. George William Hunter, A Civic Biology:
Presented in Problems (New York: American
Book Company, 1914), p. 263, as cited in
Steven Selden, Inheriting Shame (New York:
Teachers College Press, 1999), p. 71. Selden, p.
61-69.
51. See Francis Galton, Inquiries Into Human
Faculty And Its Development (London: JM Dent
& Co, 1883),
pp. 19-20. See Francis Galton,
"On the Anthropometric Laboratory at the late
International Health Exhibition, " Journal of the
Anth"opologicallnstit1tte, pp. 205-206, 214-218.
James Cattell, "Mental Tests and
Measurements, " Mind (1890), pp. 378-380.
52. Theta H. Wolf, Alfred Binet (Chicago: The
University of Chicago Press, 1973), pp. 21,
29,
71, 141, 162-165, 172, 177, 179-182, 183-185,
191, 201, 202, 207.
53 The Vineland Training School, "The Vineland
Training School- History, " at www.vineland.org.
Charles B. Davenport and David F.Weeks,
Eugenics Recurd Office Bulletin NO.4: A Fint Study
of Inheritance in Epilepsy (Cold Spring Harbor,
NY: Eugenic Record Office), pp. 4-5.
54. Henry H. Goddard, The Kallikak Family: A
St'lIdy in the Heredity ofFeeble-Mindedness
(Vineland, New Jersey: 1913, ) pp. vii,
101-110,
116-117.
55. Goddard, pp. 18, 29-30, 103.
56. Goddard, p. 53. Author's interview with James
H. Wallace, Jr., director of Photographic
Services at the Smithsonian Institution.
60. Goddard, pp. 105-106, 118.
61. Wolf, p. 195. Author's interview with Merriam-
Webster Corporation.
62. Letter, Henry H. Goddard to Charles B.
Davenport, 25July 1912, APS B:D27
Davenport - Goddard, Henry H. #4.
63. Henry H. Goddard, "Mental Tests and the
Immigrant, " The Journal of Delinquency,
vol. II,
no. 5 (September 1917), pp. 243-244. Goddard,
The Kallikaks, p. 79.
64. Goddard, "Mental Tests and the Immigrant,
"
pp. 249, 266-267.
65. "Mental Differences, " Eugenical News, vol. 1
(1916), pp. 51-52. "News and Notes, " Eugenical
News, vol. I (1916), p. 52.
66. "Measuring Mentality, " Eugenical News, vol. I
(1916), p. 59. "The Municipal Psychopathic
Clinic, " Eugenical News, vol. 1(1916), p. 55.
67. "Negro Efficiency, " Eugenical News,
vol. 1,
(1916), p.79.
68. Arthur H. Estabrook, "National Conference of
Charities and Corrections, " Eugenical News, vol.
1 (1916), pp. 42-43.
69. "The Binet Test in Court, " Eugmical News, vol.
1(1916), p. 55.
70. "Record Blank for Point Scale, "
Eugenical News,
vol. 1 (1916), p. 56. "Autobiography of Robert
Means Yerkes, " in Carl Murchison, ed., Hist011
of Psychology in Autobiography (Worcester, MA:
Clark University Press, 1930), pp. 381-407.
"Officers and Committee List of the Eugenics
Research Association, January 1927": Truman:
ERA Membership Records.
71. Daniel]' Kevles, "Testing the Army's
Intelligence: Psychologists and the Military in
World War I,
" The J01l17lalof American Histmy,
Vol. 55, Issue 3 (Dec., 1968), p. 567-568,
571,
573. Robert M. Yerkesand Clarence S. Yoakum,
Army Me1ltal Tests, (New York: Henry Holt and
Company, 1926), p. 2.
72. Carl C Brigham, A St1tdy of American
Intelligence (Princeton, NJ: Princeton
University Press, 1923), p. xxii. Examination
Alpha, Test 8: Information- cited in Brigham, p.
29 and Diane B. Paul, Controlling Human
He1'edity (Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey:
Humanities Press, 1995), p. 66. See United
States Historical Census Data Browser at
fisher.lib.virginia.edu/census/; Internet, for
details on rural population.
73. Brigham, p. 29 and Paul, p. 66.
75. Brigham, p. xxii. Raymond E. Fancher, The
Intelligmce Men: Make1"Sof the IQ Controve1'SY
(New York:W W. Norton & Company,
1985),
pp. 139, 140.
76. Robert M. Yerkes, Memoirs of the National
Academy ofScierue, (Washington D.C: ational
Academy of Science, 1921), p. 790-791.
Brigham, p. 152.
77. Fancher, pp. 102-103, 140. Columbia
Encyclopedia, 6"' ed., s.v. "Mental
Retardation. "
78." ews and Notes, " Euge1lical News, Vol. II
(1917), p. 24.
79. Eugenics Research Association, Active
Membership Accession List (Cold Spring Harbor,
NY: Eugenics Research Association, 1922):
Truman,
ERA Membership Records. Brigham,
pp. v-vii, xvii-xviii.
80. Brigham, pp. 174, 178, 180.
82. Brigham, pp. 182, 210.
83. Nicholas Lemann, The Big Test: The Secnt
Histmy of the Americall Me1'itocmey, (New York:
Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1999), p. 30-32.
84. See National Association for the Advancement
of Colored People, Thirty Years of Lynching in
the United States, 1889-J 918 (New York:
NAACP, J 919; reprint, New York: Negro
Universities Press, 1969) pp. 45, 70.
85. Kevles, "Testing the Army's Intelligence:
Psychologists and the Military in World "Var I,
"
pp. 576-577, 578.
86. Walter Lippmann, "The Mental Age of
Americans, " New Republic 32, no. 415
(November 15, 1922). Walter Lippmann, "The
Mental Age of Americans, " New Republic 32
no. 417 (November 29, 1922). Lewis M.
Terman, "The Great Conspiracy or the Impulse
Imperious ofIntelligence Testers,
Psychoanalyzed and Exposed by Mr.
Lippmann,
" New Republic 33 (December 27,
1922). Also see Ezekiel Cheever, School ISS1les
(Baltimore: Warwick & York, Inc., 1924).
87. Henry H. Goddard, "Feeblemindedness: A
Question of Definition, " Jounwl of Psycho-
Asthmics, vol. 33 (1928), p. 224.
88. Goddard, "Feeblemindedness: A Question of
Definition, " pp. 223, 224.
89. Carl C Brigham, "Intelligence Tests of
Immigrant Groups, " Psychological Review, Vol.
37 (1929), p. 165.
I. The Race Betterment Foundation, Proceedings
of the First National Confermce on Race Bettermmt
(Battle Creek, MI: The Race Betterment
Foundation, 1914),
p. xi. Kellogg Company,
"Kellogg's Company History" at www.thekelloggcompany.
co.uk. "Race Betterment
Foundation and the Eugenics Registry,
"
Organized Eugenics, (New Haven, CT:
American Eugenics Society), 193I, p. 51. Also
see "Brief Notes Made at Conference Held in
Sacramento at the Request of the State Board of
Control to Consider the Problem of
Feeblemindedness, Insanity, and Epilepsy in
Relation to Crime, Poverty and Inefficiency,
"
unpublished manuscript, p. 5: California State
Archives, Berkeley PO 72/227C: Box 5.
2. Proceedings, First Natiollal Confe1'mce Oil Race
Bette17nmt, pp. 431, 433,
447. Diane B. Paul,
Controlling HUIlWIl He1"edity (Atlantic
Highlands,
NJ: Humanities Press International,
1995), p. 9.
3. Charles B. Davenport, "The Importance to the
State of Eugenic Investigation,
" Proceedings,
First National Confe1"mce p. 452.
4. Harry H. Laughlin, "Calculations on the
Working Out of a Proposed Program of
Sterilization, " Proceedings, First National
Confe1'enceon Race Betterment, p. 478.
5. Laughlin, p. 484, 490.
6. Professor Irving Fisher, "A Reply, " Official
Proceedings of the Second National Confe1"enceon
Race Bettennmt (Battle Creek, MI: The Race
Betterment Foundation, 1915), p. 68.
7. Eugenics Record Office, First Meeting of the
Board of Scientific Directors,
unpublished manuscript,
circa December 1912:APS BD27 -
Harriman, Mrs. E. H. #1. Johns Hopkins
University, Chl"Ollolof!Jo'f the Life of William
Hmry Welch at
www.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu.
8. First Meeting of the Board of Scientific Dh·ectors.
9. Letter, Alexander Graham Bell to Charles B.
Davenport, 27 December 1912: Truman C-2-
3:3.
10. Eugenics Research Association, Office1"Sand
Committee List of the Eugenies Research Association
- Jan1l0'lY 1927 (Cold Spring Harbor, NY:
Eugenics Research Association,
1927): Truman,
ERA Membership Records. Eugenics Research
Association, Active Membenhip Accession List
(Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Eugenics Research
Association, 1922):Truman, ERA Membership
Records.
II Active Membenhip Accession List. Edwin Katzen-
Ellenbogen, "The Detection of a Case of
Simulation of Insanity By Means of Association
Tests, " J01l171alof Abn0171wl Psychology Vol. VI
(l911), p.19.
12. Madison Grant, The Passing of the Great Race
(New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1936), pp.
50-51, 86, 89. Eugenics Record Office, Official
Reco,
-dof the Gift of tbe Eugenics Rec01'dOffice,
Cold Spring Harb01; Long Island, New Y01'kby
Mn. E.H. Han?man to the Ca17legie Institution of
Washington and of its Acceptance by the Institution
(Cold Spring Harbor, New York:Eugenics
Record Office, 1918), p. 33: CSH. Officmand
Committee List of the Eugenics Rese01-ch
Association- Janu01Y 1927.
13. Lothrop Stoddard, The Rising Tide ofColO1"
(New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1926), pp.
258, 259-260. Active Membenhip Accession List.
14. Active Membenhip Accession List.
15. Edwin Katzen-Ellenbogen, "The Mental
Efficiency in Epileptics, " Epilepsia Vol. 3 (Dec
1912), p. 504. Katzen-Ellenbogen, "The
Detection of a Case of Simulation of Insanity
ByMeans of Association Tests." Edwin Katzen-
Ellenbogen, "A Critical Essay on Mental Tests
in Their Relation to Epilepsy, " Epilepsia Vol. 4
(1913), p. 130. American Men of Science
(1914): NA: RG496/Box 457.
16.NA: RG496/Box 457. "Record of Marriage":
'A: RG496/Box 457. Letter, Edwin Katzen-
Ellenbogen to 7708 WCG, circa 13 April 1948:
NA: RG496/ box 457. "Extract Copy: Review
And Recommendations: NA: RG496/Box 457.
17. See "Photo of Edwin Katzen-Ellenbogen" at
www.ushmm.org. "A Critical Essay on Mental
Tests." Arrest photo of Katzen-Ellenbogen: NA:
RG496/Box 457. "Testimony of Karl Hemrick
Victor Berthold": NA: RG4961Box 457.
18. "Review oHVC Section, Military Affairs
Branch." Active Membership Accession List.
19. Letter, Olga Heide-Pilat to General Handy, 7
August 1951: NA: RG496/Box 457. See
Testimony of Katzen-Ellenbogen: NA:
RG4961290/59/14/ 1-5/Box434.
20. Sworn statement of Walter Hummelsheim: NA:
RG496/290/59/14/1-5/Box 444.
22. Letter, John D. Rockefeller Jr. to Charles B.
Davenport, 27 January 1912:APS: B:D27
Davenport - ].0. Rockefeller. Letter, John D.
Rockefeller Jr. to Charles B. Davenport, 27
March 1912: APS: B:D27 Davenport - ].0.
Rockefeller. Letter, John D. Rockefeller Jr. to
Charles B. Davenport, 2 April 1912: APS:
B:D27 Davenport - ].0. Rockefeller. Letter,
John D. Rockefeller Jr. to Charles B.
Davenport, 8 May 1912: APS: B:D27
Davenport - ].0. Rockefeller. Timeline of
Rockefeller Foundation History; see Biography
of John D. Rockefeller Jr. at
www.brown.edu.
23. Biography of John D. Rockefeller, Jr.
Rockefeller to Davenport, 27January 1912.
Rockefeller to Davenport, 27 March 1912.
Rockefellerro Davenport, 2 April 1912.
Rockefeller to Davenport, 8 May 1912.
24. Fim Meeting of the Board of Scientific Directors.
25. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Dr. VVilliamH.
Welch,
1March 1915: APS B:D27- Harriman,
Mrs. E.H. #5. Also see Letter, Charles B.
Davenport to Alexander Graham Bell, 5 March
5 1915: APS B:D27 - Alexander Graham Bell
#7.
26. Davenport to Welch, I March 1915.
27. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Alexander
Graham Bell, 20 March 1915: APS B:D27 -
Alexander Graham Bell #7.
28. See Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Mrs. E.H.
Harriman, 13 February 1915:APS B:D27-
Harriman, Mrs. E.H. #4. "Conference on the
Feebleminded at the Home of Mrs. E.H.
Harriman, " meeting agenda with notations:
APS B:D27 - Harriman, Mrs. E.H. #4.
29. Letter, Robert W. Hebberd to Mrs. E.H.
Harriman, 28 October 1913:APS B:D27-
Harriman, Mrs. E.H. #3.
30. "A County Survey, " Eugenical News, Vol. I
(1916) p. 24.
31. Memorandum on Immigration enclosed with
letter,
Charles B. Davenport to Madison Grant,
6January 1921:APS B:D27 - Grant, Madison
#3.
32. National Committee on Prisons and Prison
Labor, The Natiol1al C01Jlmittee 011 Prisons fl71d
P.rison Lab01'- Its Origin, Purpose ami Present
Activities (New York: National Committee on
Prisons and Prison Labor, 1915) pp. 2-3, 4, 5:
APS B:D27 Davenport - Nat'l Conuruttee on
Prisons & Prison Labor. "Field \Nork in a
Police Deparmlent, " Eugenical News, Vol. II
(1917) p. 21. "Field Workers Appointed,
"
Eugenical News, Vol. II (1917), p. 80.
33. "New York State COIrunission on the Mentally
Deficient, " Eugmical News, Vol. I (1916) pp. 6-
7. Letter, Davenport to Harriman, 13 February
1915. "Wanted, " Eugenical News, Vol. I (1916)
p.48.
34. "Hospital Development Commission, "
Eugenical News Vol. 2 (1917), p. 59.
35. "News and Notes, " Eugenical News Vol. n
(1917), p. 24. "Field Workers' Returns,
"
Eugenical News Vol. I (1916), p. 3. "Field
Workers' Returns, " Eugenical News Vol. I
(1916), p. 9. "News and Notes, " Eugenical News
Vol. I (1916), p. 18. "Work of a Field Worker,
"
Eugenical News Vol. II (1917), p. 46.
36. Letter, A.G. Smith to e.L. Goodrich, 14
November 1912: APS B:D27 - ABACommittee
on Eugenics #2. Letter, e.L. Goodrich to A.G.
Smith, 25 November 1912: APS B:D27 - ABA
Committee on Eugenics #2. Letter, D.A.
Brodie to Charles B. Davenport, 26 November
1912: APS B:D27 - ABACommittee on
Eugenics #2. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to
D.A. Brodie, 29 November 1912: APS B:D27 -
ABACommittee on Eugenics #2.
37. Brodie to Davenport, 26 November 1912.
Davenport to Brodie, 29 November 1912.
38. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to George W.
Knorr, 3January 1913: APS B:D27 - ABA
Committee on Eugenics #2. Letter, Charles B.
Davenport to George W. Knorr, 8January
1913: APS B:D27 - ABACommittee on
Eugenics #2. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to
R. Dee. Ward, 8January 1913: APS B:D27-
ABACommittee on Eugenics #2. Letter,
Charles B. Davenport to George W. Knorr, 10
January 1913:APS B:D27 - ABACommittee on
Eugenics #2.
39.James Wilson, "Presidential Address: Ninth
Annual Meeting, " The American Bneders'
Magazine: A Jou17lal of Genetics and Eugenics Vol.
IV(1913), pp. 53, 55, 57.
40. "Foreword, " Eugenical News Vol. I (1916) p. I.
Truman Library, "Harry H. Laughlin Biography,
"
at www.library.truman.edu. Official Reco1"d
of the Gift of the Eugenics Record Office, p. 33.
41. "Personals, " Eugenical News Vol. II (1917) p. 12.
"Accessions to Archives, " Eugenical News Vol. II
(1917) p. 12. "Voice Inheritance, " Eugenical
News Vol. II (1917) p. 19. "Our Visitors,
"
Eugenical News Vol. I(1916)pp. 32-33. "The
New Immigration Law, " Eugenical News Vol. II
(1917) p. 22. "Eugenic Legislation, " Eugenical
News Vol. II (1917) p. 29. "Personals, " Eugenical
News Vol. II (1917) p. 7I.
42. Letter, Theodore Roosevelt to Charles B.
Davenport, 3January 1913: APS B:D27
Davenport- Roosevelt, Theodore. What I Think
Ab01lt Eugenics (n.p., n.d.), Bancroft Library. Dr.
Albert Edward Wiggam, as quoted by Thomas
F. Gossett, Race: The Histm) of an Idea in
America (Dallas: Southern Methodist University
Press, 1963), p. 403 as cited in Christopher
Cerf and Victor Navasky, The Expem Speak
(New York:Villard Press, 1984), p. 30.
43. Dr. David Heron, "A Criticism of Recent
American Work, " p. 5, as cited by Charles B.
Davenport, "A Discussion of the Methods and
Results of Dr. Heron's Critique, " Eugenics
Record Office Bulletin No. I I: Reply to the
C, -iticism of Recent Am"'ican I¥ork by D" H"'on of
the Galton Lob01'Otmy (Cold Spring Harbor, NY:
Eugenics Record Office, 1914), p. 3.
44. Heron, pp. 4, 62, as cited by Dr. A.J.
Rosanoff,
"Mendelism and Neuropathic Heredity: A
Reply to Some of Dr. David Heron's Criticisms
of Recent American Work, " Eugenics Record
Office Bulletin No. I I, pp. 27, 28: CSH.
45. Heron, p. 67, as cited by Davenport, Euge1lics
Record Office Bulletin No. I I. Heron, p. 30, as
cited by David F. Weeks, "Extract from Letter
to e.B. Davenport From Dr. David F. Weeks,
Superintendent of the New Jersey State Village
for Epileptics at Skillman, " Eugenics Record
Office Bulletin No. I I
, p. 25.
46. See Eugenics Recm·d Office Bulletin No. II.
47. Davenport, Eugenics Record Office Bulletin No.
II, pp. 4-5, 9. Weeks, Eugenics ReconI Office
Bulletin No. II, p. 25. Rosanoff, Eugenics Record
Office Bulletin No. II, p. 35, 36.
48. Davenport, Eugenics Record Office Bulletin No.
II, p. 24. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to VL.
Kellogg, 30 October 1912: APS- BD27
Kellogg, Vernon #3.
49. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Alexander
Graham Bell, 25 September 1915: APS B:D27
Alexander Graham Bell #7. Letter, Alexander
Graham Bell to Charles B. Davenport, 30
September 1915: APS B:D27 Alexander
Graham Bell #7.
50. "Where To Begin, " The San Francisco Daily
News, 14 October 1915.
51. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Thomas D.
Eliot, I November 1915: APS B:D27.
52. Davenport to Eliot, I November 1915.
53. Letter, Irving Fisher to Charles B. Davenport,
18 February 1916:APS B:D27 Davenport-
Irving Fisher #3.
54. Fisher to Davenport, 18 February 1916.
55. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Irving Fisher,
25 February 1916: APS B:D27 Davenport-
Irving Fisher #3.
56. Draft of letter, Charles B. Davenport to
Alexander Graham Bell, n.d.: CSH.
57. Record of telephone call, Alexander Graham
Bell to Cold Spring Harbor, 8 April 1916: APS
B:D27 Davenport - Bell.
58. Letter, Alexander Graham Bell to Charles B.
Davenport, 20 April 1916: APS B:D27
Davenport-Bell.
59. Letter, Alexander Graham Bell to Charles B.
Davenport, 18 November 1916:APS B:D27
Davenport- Bell. Letter, Alexander Graham
Bell to Charles B. Davenport, 5January 1917:
APS B:D27 Davenport - Bell.
60. Official Reco, ·dof the Gift of the Eugenics Record
Office, pp. 21, 24, 25, 28.
61. "Temperament of the Negro, " Eugenical News
Vol. IV (1919) p. 43.
62. "Thalassophilia, " Eugwical News Vol.V (1920)
p.26.
63. Charles B. Davenport, Heredity In Relation To
Eugenics (New York: Henry Holt & Company,
1911; reprint, New
York: Arno Press Inc.,
1972), p. 6.
64. Eugenics Record Office, Rec01'dof Family Iiwits
No. 40688: MS. CaLL. No. 77, ERa, APS
Series 1.Eugenics Record Office, Rec01'dof
Family Traits No. A:0772-I: MS. CaLL. No.
0772, ERa, APS Series 1.
65. Record of Family Traits No. 40688.
66. Eugenics Record Office, Family Ii'ee A:0-3a:
MS. CaLL. No. 77, ERa, APS Series I, A:OI
#6, 1921-1930.
67. Charles B. Davenport and Harry H. Laughlin,
Eugenics Record Office Bulletin No. 13: How To
Make A Eugenical Fmnily Study (Cold Spring
Harbor,
New York: Eugenics Record Office,
1915) p. 25: CSH.
68. Charts and Measurements: MS. CaLL. No. 77,
ERa, APS Series I,
A:OI #4 Development,
1922-1923. Letter, Brett Ratnerto Charles B.
Davenport, 15June 1922: APS Series T, A:OI #4
Development, 1922-1923.
69. Mrs. Anna Wendt Finlayson, Eugenical Rec01'd
Office Bulletin No. IS: The Dack Family, A Study
in Hereditary Lack of Emotional Control (Cold
Spring Harbor,
NY: Eugenical Record Office,
1916) p. 11. Henry H. Goddard, The Kn//ikak
Family: A Study in the Heredity ofFeeble-
Mindedness (Vineland, New Jersey: 1913), p. x.
Eugenics Survey of Vermont,
"Farm No. 47,
Family Name Irving, Mark, " Jamaica Emigrants
Questionnaire Interviews: Vermont PRA-15.
70. Davenport and Laughlin, Eugenics Reco, ·d Office
Bulletin No. 13, pp. 4, 28.
72.]. David Smith and K. Ray Nelson, The
Sterilization ofCm7'ie Buck (Far Hills, NJ: New
Horizon Press, 1989) pp. 14, 30.
73. Departments of the Central State Hospital for
Epileptic and Feeble-Minded at Petersburg,
Virginia, "Official Interrogatories and Papers of
Commitnlent": Emma Buck files, Central
Virginia Training Center Archives.
74. Smith, pp. 15-16. "Official Interrogatories and
Papers of Commitment."
75. Smith, pp. 1-3, 5-6, 18.
76. "They Told Me I Had To Have An Operation,
"
Chadotteroille (VA) Daily P"ogress, 26 February
1980. Author's Interview with former Central
Virginia Training Center Superintendent K.
Ray Nelson, 14 November 2002.
78. Paul A. Lombardo, "Eugenic Sterilization in
Virginia: Aubrey Strode and the Case of Buck v.
Bell, " (Ph. D. diss,
University of Virginia,
1982), pp. 177, 179, 180. "Order of
Commitment of Carrie E. Buck, " Carrie Buck
vs. Dr.].H. Bell, 143 Va. 310 pp. 22, 25:
Supreme Court of Virginia as cited by
Lombardo.
79. A.5. Priddy, Biennial Report of the State Epileptic
Colony (Lynchburg,
VA: State Epileptic Colony,
1923), as cited by Smith, p. 32.
80. Priddy as cited by Smith, p. 32.
81. Priddy as cited by Smith, p. 33.
82. Unnamed Patient Hearing transcript, as cited
in The Lynchburg Story, Dir. Stephen
Trombley, Prod. Bruce Eadie. Videocassette.
Worldview Pictures, 1993. Poe v. Lynchbll1'g
Ii'aining School and Hospital, 518 F. Supp. 789
(W.D. Va. 1981).
83. Lombardo, "Eugenic Sterilization, " p. 120.
""Vrit of Habeas Corpus, filed at the Supreme
Court of Appeals of Virginia,
November 24,
1917, " as cited by Lombardo, "Eugenic
Sterilization, " p.120.
84. Lombardo, "Eugenic Sterilization, " pp. 120-
121. "~Trit of Habeas Corpus, " as cited by
Lombardo, "Eugenic Sterilization, " p.120.
85. "Deposition of Willie Mallory, December
II,
1917" as cited by Lombardo, "Eugenic
Sterilization, " p. 122.
86. Lombardo, "Eugenic Sterilization, " pp.
124,
126-127.
87. Author's transcription, Letter, George Mallory
to A. S. Priddy, 5 November 1917, Virginia
State Archive File Drawer #383, Item #2711;
also see Lombardo, "Eugenic Sterilization, " pp.
127-128; also see Paul A. Lombardo, "Three
Generations, No Imbeciles: New Light on Buck
v. Bell, " New Yc".kUnivenity Law Review, Vol. 60
no. I, pp. 42-43.
88. Letter, A. S. Priddy to George Mallory, 13
November 1917 in "Grounds of Defense,
Willie T. Mallory v.A.S. Priddy,
" February 16,
1918 (Virginia State Archive File Drawers
#383,
Item #2711) as cited by Lombardo,
"Eugenic Sterilization, " pp. 128-129.
Lombardo, "Eugenic Sterilization, " pp. 124-
125. ~T.I. Prichard, "History - Lynchburg
Training School and Hospital, " Mental Health
in Vi'-ginia, Summer, 1960,
as cited in Lombardo,
"Eugenic Sterilization, " pp. 129-130.
89. Letter, James Dejarnette toJohn Dickson, 24
October 1947 (Strode Papers, folder 3014A), as
cited by Lombardo, "Eugenic SteriHzation, " p.
132. Celebration of Dr.]. S. Dejarnette's Fiftieth
Allllive1'smy of Continuous Service at the western
State Hospital, July 21,
1939 (Dejarnette Papers,
Western State Hospital, Staunton, Virginia) as
cited by Lombardo, "Eugenic Sterilization, " p.
132.
90. Harry H. Laughlin, Eugenical Ste>'i/ization in the
United States (Chicago: Psychopathic
Laboratory of the Municipal Court of Chicago,
1922) pp. v, 6-50, 446-461. Also see Harry H.
Laughlin, Eugenics Record Office Bulletin No.
/OB: 11. Tbe Legal, Legislative, And
Administrative Aspects of Sterilization (Cold
Spring Harbor,
NY: Eugenics Record Office,
1914)pp.120-131.
91. Letter, A.S. Priddy to Harry H. Laughlin, 14
October 1924: Carrie Buck File, Central
Virginia Training Center Archives. Harry H.
Laughlin, "Review of the Legal Procedure and
Litigation Under the Virginia Sterilization
Statute, Which Led to the Decision of the
Supreme Court of the United States,
Upholding the Statute, " Tbe Legal Status of
Eugenical Str, .rilization (Washington, DC:
Eugenic Record Office of the Carnegie
Institute of Washington, 1930), p. 10.
92. Letter, A.S. Priddy to Caroline Wilhelm, 14
March 1924: Carrie Buck File, Central Virginia
Training Center Archives. The Lynchburg
Story. Letter,
Caroline Wilhelm to A.S. Priddy,
5 May J 924: Carrie Buck File, Central Virginia
Training Center Archives.
93. Buck v. Bell, pp. 10, 12. Lombardo, "Eugenic
Sterilization, " p. 183.
94. Strode to Don Preston Peters, J9 july 1939
(Strode Papers,
box 30) as cited by Lombardo,
"Eugenic Sterilization, " p. 183.
95. Priddy to Laughlin, 14 October 1924.
Lombardo, "Eugenic Sterilization, " pp. 80, 184.
Smith, p. 82. Lombardo, "Three Generations,
"
pp. 39, 55. North British and Mercantile
Insurance Company, "Fire Insurance Inspection
Report, Dee-Whitehead Building": Central
Virginia Training Center Archives.
96. Letter, Caroline Wilhelm to A.S. Priddy, 15
October 1924: Carrie Buck File, Central
Virginia Training Center Archives.
97. Letter, A.S. Priddy to J. S. Dejarnette, 1
'ovember 1924: Carrie Buck File, Central
Virginia Training Center Archives.
98. Priddy to Dejarnette, 1 November 1924.
101. Harry H. Laughlin, "Analysis of the
Hereditary Nature of Carrie Buck, " Tbe Legal
StatltS of Eugenical Sterilization, pp. 16-17.
Priddy to Laughlin, 14 October 1924.
102. Laughlin, "Analysis of the Hereditary Nature
of Carrie Buck, " pp. 16-17.
103. Laughlin, "Analysis of the Hereditary Nature
of Carrie Buck, " p. 16.
104. Laughlin, "Analysis of the Hereditary Nature
of Carrie Buck, " p. 17.
105. Lombardo, "Eugenic Sterilization, " pp. 208-
210.
106. Harry H. Laughlin, "Opinion of judge
Bennett T. Gordon of the Circuit Court of
Amherst County, Virginia, " Tbe Legal Status of
Eugenical St,
, ·ilization, pp. 19-21. Smith, pp.
174-175; Lombardo, "Eugenic Sterilization,
"
pp.210-212.
107. Harry H. Laughlin, "Opinion of Judge jesse F.
West of the Supreme Court of Appeals of
Virginia, at Staunton, " Tbe Legal Status of
Eugenical Ste.-ilizoti011, pp. 30- 37.
108. State Colony for Epileptics and Feeble-
Minded, "Minutes: December 7, 1925, ":
Central Virginia Training Center Archives.
109. Liva Baker, Tbe Justice hom Beacon Hill: Tbe
Life and Times ofOliv,
, · Wendell Holmes (New
York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1991), p.3.
110. Baker, pp. 3, 15. Catherine Drinker Bowen,
Yankee F1"IlmOlympus: Justice Holmes and His
Family (Boston: Little,
Brown and Company,
1945), p. 62.
Ill. David H. Burton, Oliv, , · We11dellHolmes, J1:
(Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1980), p. 13.
112. Burton, pp. 28-29. "Overview of 'The Harvard
Regiment, '" at www.harvardregiment.org.
"Information on The Battle of Antietam, " at
www.nps.gov. Baker, pp. 97 -98.
114. Baker, pp. 144, 165-166.
115. Oliver Wendell Holmes, jr., Tbe Common Law
(Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1881;
reprint, 1923), p. 1.
116. Baker, pp. 253, 264, 267, 330.
117. U.S. Supreme Court, M"nben oftbe Sup'·e1lte
COlirt of tbe United States. Author's correspondence
with Jacques Semmelman, Esq., 14
November 2002 and Lexis-Nexis search by
Seml11elman, 14 November 2002.
118. Bowen, pp. 372-373, 446. Oliver Wendell
Holmes, ]r., "Dissent, Abrams v. US 250 U.S.
616, 624 (1919), Tbe Mind and Faitb ofJustice
Holmes,
ed. Max Lerner (Garden City,
Halcyon House, 1943), p. 312. Oliver Wendell
Holmes, ]r. "Dissent, U.S. v. Schwimmer 279
U.S. 644, 653 (1928), " Tbe Mind and Faitb of
J"stice Holmes, pp. 327-328. Oliver Wendell
Holmes, "For the Court, Schenck vs. U.S. 249
U.S. 47 (1919), " Tbe Mind and Faitb ofJustice
Holmes, p. 296.
120. Bowen, p. 187. Holmes, Common Law, p. HO.
121. Oliver Wendell Holmes, jr., "Natural Law,
"
The Mind and Faitb ofJustice Holmes, p. 395.
122. Oliver Wendell Holmes, J r., "The Soldier's
Faith, " Tbe Mind and Faitb ofJustice Holmes, pp.
18, 20.
123. Letter from Oliver Wendell Holmes, jr. to
Dean Wigmore, 19 November 1915, as cited by
Mark DeWolfe Howe, Justice Oliv,
, · Wendell
Holmes: TheSbaping Years 1841-/870
(Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of
Harvard University Press, 1957), p. 25.
124. Letter, Oliver Wendell Holmes, jr. to Sir
Frederick Pollock, 1 February 1920, Holmes-
Pollock Letten: Tbe C017"espondenceof M1: ]twice
Holmes and Sir Fred,
, ·ick Pollock 1874-1932, ed.
Mark DeWolfe Howe (Cambridge, MA:
Harvard University Press, 1942), Vol.lI, p. 36.
125. Felix Frankfurter, foreword to Holmes-Laski
Lem", AIn'idged, ed. by Mark DeWolfe Howe
(Clinton, MA: Atheneum, 1963), Vol. I, p. xvi.
Letter, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. to Harold].
Laski, 14 June 1922, Holmes-Laski Letters,
Vol. I,
p.330.
126. Letter, Oliver Wendell Holmes, J r. to Harold
]. Laski, 5 August 1926,
Holmes-Laski Letters,
ed. Mark DeWolfe Howe (Cambridge, MA:
Harvard University Press, 1953), Vol. II., p.
862.
127. Holmes to Laski, 21 May 1927, Holmes-Laski
Lettm, p. 946.
128. Members of the Supreme Court of the United
States. "The People's Attorney, " at library.brandeis.
edu. See William E. Hellerstein, "Review
of The Forgotten Memoir ofJohn Knox, " at
www.law.uchicago.edu. See Columbia
Encyclopedia, 6"' ed., S.v. "McReynolds, James
Clark."
129. Buck v. Bell 274 U.S. 200 (1927).
130. Buck v. Bell 274 U.S. 200 (1927).
13 I. Buck v. Bell 274 U.S. 200 (1927).
132. Buck v. Bell 274 U.S. 200 (1927).
133. Smith, pp. 16, 179. Lombardo, "Three
Generations, No Imbeciles, " p. 61.
134. Harry H. Laughlin, Eugenical Sterilization:
1926; Hist01'ical, Legal, and Statistical Review of
Eugenical Ste'rilization in the United States (New
Haven,
CT: The American Eugenics Society,
1926), p. 60.
135. Laughlin, Eugenical Sterilization: 1926, pp. 21-
22, 60. Abraham Myerson et. aI., Eugenical
Sterilization: A Reorientation of the p'."blem (New
York: The Macmillan Company, 1936), p. 10.
136. Human Betterment Foundation, Legal Stat/ts
of Eugenical Sterilization (ca. 1940), Truman D-
4-2:11.
137. Legal Stat/ts of Eugenical Sterilization.
138. E. Carleton MacDowell, "Charles Benedict
Davenport, 1866-1944. A Study of Conilicting
Influences, " BJOSVol. XVII, no. I, p. 30.
I. See US Const, Amend XIX. Margm'et Sange1':
An Autobi0f!;raphy (VY. W Norton & Company,
1938; New York: Dover Publications,
1971),
p.13.
2. Ellen Chesler, WOmen of VaI01'(New York:
Simon & Schuster, 1992), p. 68.
3. Sanger, pp. 86-89, 213-215. Also see Chesler, p.
62. Also see Margaret Sanger, The Pivot of
Civilization (New York: Brentano's, 1922), p. 29.
See Doris Weatherford, American Women's
History, (New York: Prentice Hall General
Reference, 1994), pp. 182-183.
4. Sanger, An Autobiography, pp. 90-92. Also see
Chesler, p. 63.
5. Sanger, An Autobiography, p. 92.
6. Sanger, An Autobiography, pp. 92-93, 107-108,
190, 192-209, 292-294. Sanger, Pivot of
Civilization, pp. 12, 16, 26-27, 272-273.
Margaret Sanger, "Address, " read at the
Thirtieth Annual Meeting luncheon of the
Planned Parenthood Federation of America,
New York City, 25 October 1950, p. I:
Well come Institute, Box 112. David M.
Kennedy, Bi, ., h Cont/'ol in America: The Caree1'of
Mmgaret Sanger, (New Haven, CT: Yale
University Press, 1970), pp. 256-257.
7. Sanger, Pivot of Civilization, pp. 14, 18-21 190-
192, 194. Sanger, An Autobiography, p. 308. See
also Sanger, An Autobiography, pp. 301-304.
9. Sanger, Pivot of Civilization, pp. 101-102. See
Julian Huxley, "Towards A Higher
Civilization,
" Birth Control Review (December,
1930), p. 344. "Editorial, " Birth Contl'OlReview
(March, 1928), p. 73.
10. Sanger, Pivot of Civilization, p. 101. Huxley, p.
344.
11. Sanger, An Autobiography, pp. 376-377.
Margaret Sanger, "A Plan for Peace, " Birth
Cont/'ol Review, April 1932, pp. 107-108.
Margaret Sanger, excerpt from "Racial
Betterment, " The Selected Papm of Mmgaret
Sanger: Volume 1:The W01nan Rebel,
1900-1928,
edited by Esther Katz (Chicago: University of
Illinois Press, 2003), p. 446.
12. Sanger, Pivot of Civilization, pp. 104,
108-109,
113-117, 120-121, 123.
13. Sanger, Pivot of Civilization, pp. 109, 112, 116.
Margaret Sanger, "Is Race Suicide Probable?"
Collier's, August 15, 192 5, p. 25 as selected by
Michael W Perry, ed., The Pivot of Civilization:
1n Hist017caiPe1TfJective(Seattle, WA: Inkling
Books, 2001), p. 176.
14. Katz, pp. 333-334. Chesler, pp, 343-344.
Margaret Sanger Papers Project, "Notes on
Sources, " The National Committee on Fedeml
Legislation f01' Bi, ., h Control 1929-1937 at
www.nyu.edu. Henry Pratt Fairchild, The
Melting-Pot Mistake (Boston: Little, Brown, and
Company: 1926), pp. 109-112.
15. See Roswell H. Johnson, "The Eugenic Aspects
of Population Theory, " Bi, .,
h Control Review,
September 1930, pp. 256-258. See Eleanor
Dwight]ones, "Practical Race Betterment,
"
Bil., /) Cont/'ol Review, July 1928, pp. 203-204.
See American Medicine, "Intelligent or
Unintelligent Birth Control?" Bi, ., h Control
Review, May 1919, p. 12. See Sanger, "Address,
"
p. 3. See Perry, p. 176.
16. Victoria C. Woodhull, "The Rapid
Multiplication of the Unfit, " as selected by
Perry, p. 31.
17. Sanger, Pivot ofCiviliZlltion, p. 8 I.
18. Sanger, An Antobiogmphy, p. 11.
19. Sanger, An Autobiography, p.29.
20. Sanger, An Autobiography, pp. 107-108.
21. Stephen S. Wise, "The Synagogue and Birth
Control, " Bi, ., h Control Review,
October 1926,
pp. 301-302. Margaret Sanger Papers Project,
"ABCL Staff, Officers, and Board Members for
1921-1928, " The American Birth Conn'ol League
/921-1939 at
www.nyu.edu.
22. Sanger, PivotofCiviliZlltion, p. 189.
23. Sanger, PivotofCiviliZlltion, p. 105.
24. Sanger, Pivot ofCiviliZlltion, p. 108.
25. Sanger, PivotofCiviliZlltion, pp. 116-117.
26. Sanger, PivotofCiviliZlltion, p. 115.
27. Sanger, Pivot of CiviliZlltion, p. 123.
28. Sanger, Pivot ofCiviliZlltion, p. 112.
29. Margaret Sanger, Woman and the New Race
(New York: Brentano's, 1920), Chapter 6.
30. H. G. Wells, introduction to Sanger, Pivot of
CiviliZlltion, p. xvi.
3I. "Intelligent or Unintelligent Birth Control?"
Also see Sanger,
/¥oman and the New Race,
Chapter 4.
32. Sanger, Pivot of CiviliZlltion, p. 104.
33. Sanger, PivotofCiviliZlltion, pp. 101-102.
34. Sanger, Pivot ofCiviliZlltion, pp. 277, 282. Also
see "Principles and Aims of the American Birth
Control League, " pamphlet: California State
Archives.
35. Sanger, Woman and the New Race, Chapter 3.
36. Sanger, Woman and the Ne-UJRace, Chapter 3.
37. Letter, Isabelle Keating to Margaret Sanger, 4
January 1932: Margaret Sanger Papers Project.
Letter, Margaret Sanger to Isabelle Keating, 15
January 1932: Margaret Sanger Papers Project.
38.John C. Duvall, "The Purpose of Eugenics,
"
Bi'Th Control Review, December 1924, p. 344:
California State Archives.
39. Sanger, Woman and the New Race, Chapter 7.
40. Sanger, Woman and the New Race, Chapter 5.
42. Lothrop Stoddard, The Rising Tide ofColO/'
Against White Wo1"ldSupremacy ew York:
Charles Scribner's Sons, 1926), pp. 303-304.
43. Stoddard, pp. 259-260, 306.
44. Margaret Sanger Papers Project, The American
Bi'Th Conn'ol League 1921-1939. Letter,
Margaret Sanger to Henry F. Osborn, 6
October 1921: APS B:D27 Davenport - Sanger,
Margaret. See The Ame1'ican Bi'Th CO/m'ol
League 1921-1939. "Tentative Program, " program
of the Sixth International Neo-
Malthusian and Birth Control Conference:
Truman E-I-I:1.
45. Eugenics Research Association, Officers and
Committee List of the Eugenics Resem·ch
Association- January 1927 (Cold Spring Harbor,
!\'Y: Eugenics Research Association, 1927):
Tmman, ERA Membership Records. Professor
Irving Fisher, "A Reply, " Official P7-oceedingsof
the Second National Conference on Race Bette1711e11t
(Battle Creek, MI: The Race Betterment
Foundation, 1915).
46. Letter, Sanger to Osborn, 6 October 1921.
Letter, Harry H. Laughlin to Irving Fisher, 26
March 1925: Truman E-I-I: I.
47. Margaret Sanger Papers Project, "Staff
Members, Officers, Board Members, Chairman
and Committee Members, " The National
Committee on Federal Legislation for Birth Control
1929-1937 at www.nyu.edu. Margaret Sanger
Papers Project, "BCFA Staff, Officers, Board
and Committee Members, " The Birth Conn'ol
Fede1'ationof AlIle17ca 1939-1942 at
www.nyu.edu. Margaret Sanger Papers Project,
"Organization of Council, " The Birth Coutrol
Council of America 1937 at www.nyu.edu.
Margaret Sanger Papers Project, "BCCRB
Staff, Officers, Council Members, and Board
Members, " The Birth Conn'ol Clinical Resem'ch
BW'eau 1928-1939 at www.nyu.edu. Margaret
Sanger Papers Project, faxed list of letters
between Margaret Sanger and Henry Pratt
Fairchild.
48. Fairchild, pp. 150, 261.
49. The National CO/mnittee on Fedeml Legislation for
Birth CO/m'ol 1929-1937. The Birth CO/m'ol
Fedemtion of AlIle17ca 1939-1942. The Bi'Th
Control Cliuical Resem'd, Bureau 1928-1939.
American Birth Control League, "World
Population Conference, " Eugenical News Vol.
XII (1927), p. 133. Faxed list of letters between
Margaret Sanger and Henry Pratt Fairchild.
5I. Roswell H.Johnson, "Population Control by
Immigration, " BilTh CO/m'olReview, February
1932, p. 57. "A Plan for Peace, " pp. 107-108.
Katz, p. 446.
52. See Sanger, PivotofCiviliZlltion, pp. 101-102.
53. See Sanger, Pivot ofCiviliZlltion, p. 104. See
Margaret Sanger, "An Answer to Mr.
Roosevelt, " BilTh Conn'ol Review, December
1917, as reprinted in Perry, pp. 156-157.
54. "Eugenics vs. Birth Control, " Eugenical
News,
Vol. II (1917), p. 73.
55. Letter, Margaret Sanger to Henry F. Osborn, 6
October 1921: APS B:D27 Davenport-Sanger,
Margaret. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to
Margaret Sanger, 21 October 1921: APS B:D27
Davenport - Sanger, Margaret.
56. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Margaret
Sanger, 13 February 1925: APS B:D27
Davenport - Sanger, Margaret.
57. Letter, Margaret Sanger to Harry H. Laughlin,
13 March 1925: Truman E-l-l:1. "Tentative
Program." Letter, Margaret Sanger to Harry H.
Laughlin, 24 March 1925: Truman E-I-I:1.
Letter,
Harry H. Laughlin to Margaret Sanger,
26 March 1925: Truman E-I-I:1.
58. Margaret Sanger, "Editorial, " The Birth Control
Review Vol. IX, NO.6 (June, 1925), p. 163. See
Letter, Paul Popenoe to Madison Grant, 14
April 1928: APS B:D27 Grant, Madison #5.
Also see "Birth Control and Eugenics,
"
Eugenical News Vol. X (1925), p. 58.
59. "Editorial." "Birth Control and Eugenics." See
Paul Popenoe and Roswell Hill Johnson,
Applied Eugenics, rev. ed. (New York: The
MacMillan Company, 1935). Also see "Birth
Control and Eugenics, " p. 58.
60. "Editorial, " pp. 163-164.
6I. "Tenth Annual Meeting of the Executive
Committee of the Eugenics Research Association,
"
Eugenical News Vol. VII (1922), p.89.
62. Letter, Leon F. Whitney to Charles B.
Davenport, 3 April 1928: APS B:D27
Davenport - Leon Whitney #1. "Tentative
Program." The Notional C(Jlmnittee on Fede.-ol
Legislation for Bi, -rh Control 1929-1937. The
Birth Control Federation of America 1939-1942.
The Birth Control Council of America. The Bi, -rh
Control Clinical Research Bureau 1928-1939. Also
see Chesler, p. 217.
63. Reverend Albert P.Van Dusen, "Birth Control
as Viewed by a Sociologist, " Birth Control
Review, May 1924, p. 133.
65. Duvall, p. 345. Van Dusen, p. 134.
66. Whitney to Davenport, 3 Aprill928.
67. Popenoe to Grant, 14 April 1928.
68. Popenoe to Grant, 14April 1928.
69. Letter, Madison Grant to Leon F. Whitney, 15
April 1928: APS B:D27 - Grant, Madison #5.
Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Madison
Grant,
21 April 1928: APS B:D27 - Grant,
Madison #5.
70. Davenport to Grant, 21 April 1928. Letter,
Charles B. Davenport to Leon F. Whitney, 5
April 1928: APS B:D27 Davenport - Leon
Whitney #1.
7I. Davenport to Whitney, 5 April 1928.
72. Davenport to Whitney, 5 April 1928.
73. Letter, Henry Pratt Fairchild to Dr. Harry F.
Perkins, 9 February 1933:VT PRA-2J. See
State of Vermont Department of Buildings and
General Services, "Content and Historical
Significance of Records, " The Papers of the
Eugenics SI,
, "vey of Vermont at
www.bgs.state.vt.us.
74. Letter, Henry Pratt Fairchild to Dr. Harry F.
Perkins, 8 March 1933:VT PRA-2 I.
75. Fairchild to Perkins, 8 March 1933.
76. Letter, Paul Popenoe to Dr. Harry F. Perkins,
16May 1933:VT PRA-21.
77. Popenoe to Perkins, 16May 1933.
78. Letter, George Reid Andrews to Members of
the Board of Directors, 22 May 1936:VT PRA-
21. Letter, Willystine Goodsell to Dr. Harry F.
Perkins, 7June 1936:VT PRA-21.
79. Sanger, "Address, " p. 1, 3
80. Sanger, "Address, " pp. 3, 4-5.
81. Sanger, "Address, " p. 5.
82. Sanger, "Address, " pp. 5-6.
83. Sanger, "Address, " p. I. Planned Parenthood
Federation of America, Inc., Books on Planned
Parenthood and Related Subjects, circa 1950:
Wellcome Institute, Box 112.
84. Letter, Margaret Sanger to Dr. c.P. Blacker, 5
May 1953: Wellcome Institute Box 112.
1. "Death of Dr. Lucien Howe, " Eugenical
News,
VoI.XIV(I929), p.16.FrankW.Newell, The
Ame, .ican Ophthahnological Society 1864-1989: A
Continuation of Wheele, .'s First Hll1ld"ed Years
(Rochester, Minnesota: American
Ophthalmological Society, 1989), pp. 154-155.
"The Howe Laboratory of Ophthalmology,
"
Eugenical News, Vol. XI (1926), P 144.
2. "Death of Dr. Lucien Howe." Eugenics
Research Association, Officers and Committee
List of the Eugenics Resea"ch Association- January
1927 (Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Eugenics
Research Association, 1927): Truman, ERA
Membership Records. "Report of the
Committee on Selective Immigration of the
Eugenics Committee of the United States of
America, " Eugenical News, vol. XI (1924), p.
21. See "Eugenics Committee of the United
States of America, " Eugenical News, Vol. X
(1923), p. 5.
3. Francis Galton, "Eugenics; Its Definition,
Scope and Aims, " Natu, .e, Vol. 70 No. 1804
(1904), p. 82. Charles B. Davenport, Eugenics
Record Office Bulletin NO.9: State Lows Limiting
Mamage Selection Examined in the Light of
Eugenics (Cold Spring Harbor, New York:
Eugenics Record Office, 1913), pp. 43-66.
4. Robert Reid Rentoul, Roce Cultu, .e: Or, Roce
Suicide? (London: The Walter Scott Publishing
Co., Ltd., 1906), pp.I33-141.
5. Davenport, p. I. Dr. W.c. Rucker, "More
'Eugenic Laws, '" The Joun/al ofH, tredity, Vol.
VI, NO.5 (May, 1915), pp. 219, 226.
6. Letter, Edward M. Van Cleve of The New York
Institute for the Education of the Blind to
Lucien Howe, 18 February 1918:APS 77ERO
Series V. Letter,
Dr. Harry Best to Lucien Howe,
26 February 1918:APS 77 ERO Series V.
Eugenics Record Office, "Cost for the Blind,
"
memorandum, circa 1920:APS 77 ERO Series
V. Letter, Harry H.
Laughlin to Lucien Howe,
13November 1920:APS 77 ERO Series 1.
7. Lucien Howe, "The Relation of Hereditary
Eye Defects to Genetics and Eugenics, " The
Joun/al of Heredity, Vol. X, NO.8 (November
1919), p. 318. "Abstracts of Papers, " Eugenical
News, Vol. XI (1926), p. 114. "The Blind:
Follow-Up Census Survey,
" Eugenical News,
Vol. V (1920), p. 43.
8. Letter, The New Era Printing Company to
Harry H. Laughlin, 12 December 1918:APS 77
ERa Series V. "The Blind,
" Eugenical News,
Vol. V (1920), p. 42. "Study of Hereditary
Blindness, " Eugenical News, Vol. V (1920), pp.
42-43. "The Blind: Follow-Up Census Survey,
"
Eugenical News, Vol. V (1920), p. 43. "Science of
Hereditary Blindness, " Eugenical News, Vol. V
(1920), p. 43. "Prevention of Inherited
Blindness, " Eugenical News, Vol. ill (1918), p.
64. Letter, Howard]. Banker to Professor
George Arps, 6January 1921:APS 77 ERa Ser.
X, HHL Box#3 - Hereditary Blindness Law
Research Materials (1921-1928).
9. Eugenics Record Office, Schedule fO/' Recording
First-Hand Pedigree-Data on Hereditary Eye
Defect and Blindness, 1921:APS 77 Series V.
10. Schednle for Recording Fint-Hand Pedig>-ee-Data.
Letter, Harry H. Laughlin to Lucien Howe, 30
March 1920: APS 77 Series I: PDR &
Correspondence. Eugenics Record Office, List
of School, Etc, For the Blind to Which Questionnaire
And Schedule Have Been Sent, circa 1920:
APS 77 Series X: Harry H. Laughlin Box #2 -
Hereditary Blindness Corresp #2 1918-1927,
11. Schedule for Recording Fi1"St-Hand Pedigree-Data.
Letter, Laughlin to Howe, 30 March 1920. See
annotated List of Fellows of the American Medical
Association registend in the Section on
Ophthalmology, 19J 9: APS 77 ERa Series X.
12. Letter, Banker to Arps, 6January 1921.
13. Howe, "Relation of Hereditary Eye Defects to
Genetics and Eugenics, " p. 381. Author's notes
on inquiries to Howe Laboratory, American
Ophthalmology Society, the National Society
for the Prevention of Blindness, the ational
Eye Institute of the ational Institutes of
Health, and the Retinitis Pigmentosa Society.
Laughlin to Howe, 13November 1920.
14, Howe, "Relation of Hereditary Eye Defects to
Genetics and Eugenics, " p. 381.
15. Howe, "Relation of Hereditary Eye Defects to
Genetics and Eugenics, " pp. 381, 382.
16. Letter, BankerroArps, 6January 1921.
17. Letter, Banker to Arps, 6January 192!.
18. Eugenics Record Office, "Copy - List of
Geneticists, " circa 1921: APS 77 Series V.
19. Letter, Raymond Pearl to Howard]. Banker, II
January 1921:APS 77 Series 1.
20. Eugenics Record Office, "List of Fellows of the
American Medical Association Registered in the
Section on Ophthalmology, 1919, " circa 1921:
APS 77 Series V.
21. ToAmend the Domestic Relations Law, In Relation
to P, 'evenrion of Htcredit01Y Blindness, New York
(1921), Bill 1597:APS 77 Series X, HHL Box
#3, Hereditary Blindness Research Materials
(1921-1928).
22. American Medical Association, "Hereditary
Eye Defects and Blindness Central
Committee, " (n.p., circa March 1921):APS 77
ERa Series X.
23. Letter, O.E. Koegel to Dr. Lucien Howe, 7
September 192I:APS 77 Series X. Letter,
Leonard W. H. Gibbs to Dr. Lucien Howe, 15
September 1921:APS 77 Series X, Letter, Dr.
Hermann M. Biggs to Dr. Lucien Howe, 16
September 1921: APS 77 Series X. Letter, H. S.
Birkett to Dr. Lucien Howe, 16 September
1921: APS 77 Series X. Letter, Frank H. Lattin
to Dr, Lucien Howe, circa September 1921:
APS 77 Series X. Also see Letter, Dr. Lucien
Howe to Dr. Harry H. Laughlin, 12July 1921:
APS 77 Series X.
24. Letter, Koegel to Howe, 7 September 1921.
Letter, Gibbs to Howe, 15 September 1921.
Letter, Biggs to Howe, 16 September 1921.
Letter, Birkett to Howe, 16 September 1921.
Letter, Lattin to Howe, circa September 1921.
Author's notes on APS ERa files.
25. Letter, Lucien Howe to Harry H. Laughlin, 12
January 1922: APS 77 Series 1.
26. Howe to Laughlin, 12January 1922.
27. Letter, Lucien Howe to Harry H. Laughlin, 22
July 1922: APS 77 Series 1.
28. Howe to Laughlin, 22 July 1922.
29. Howe to Laughlin, 22 July 1922.
30. Letter, Harry H. Laughlin to Lucien Howe, 7
August 1922: APS 77 Series 1.Letter, Lucien
Howe to Harry H. Laughlin, 28 August 1922:
APS 77 Series 1.
3I. Letter, Howe to Laughlin, 28 August 1922,
32. Letter, Lucien Howe to Charles B. Davenport
and Harry H. Laughlin, 10 February 1923: APS
77 Series 1. "Memorandum on the Institutional
Cost of the Blind and the Economic Cost of the
Blind in the Population at Large", enclosure to
Howe to Davenport and Laughlin, 10 February
1923:APS 77 Series 1.
33. Howe to Davenport and Laughlin, 10 February
1923.
34.J. P. Chamberlain, "Current Legislation:
Eugenics and Limitations of Marriage,
"
American Bar Association Joun7al, 1923, pp. 429-
430.
35. ToAmend the DO/nestic Relations Law, In Relation
to Prevention of Hereditary Blindness, ew York
(1926), Bi11605:APS 77 Series X, Harry H.
Laughlin Box #3, Hereditary Blindness
Research Materials (1921-1928). Letter, Lucien
Howe to Dr. Best, 4 October 1927: APS 77
Series V. Also see Letter, Edward G. Seibert to
Lucien Howe, 15July 1927: APS 77 Series V.
36. Bill 605. "Abstracts of Papers, " p. 114.
Consumer Price Index Calculator at
www.jsc.nasa.gov. "Memorandum on the
General Principle of Bonding Applicants for
Marriage License Against the Production of
Offspring Who Would Become Public
Charges", memo, ca. 1928:Truman E-I-2:8.
37. Letter, Harry H. Laughlin to Lucien Howe, 30
March 192I: APS 77 Series 1. "Memorandum,
"
p 3.
38. Letter, Harry H. Laughlin to Lucien Howe, 4
May 1922: APS 77 Series 1. Letter, Lucien
Howe to Harry H. Laughlin, 14April 1922:
APS ERO Series X: Hereditary Blindness
Corresp.
39. Letter, Harry H. Laughlin to Lucien Howe, 30
December 1922: APS 77 Series I: PDR &
Correspondence.
40. Bill 605. "Abstracts of Papers, " p. 114.
41. "Memorandum, " pp 2, 4.
42. Laughlin to Howe, 30 March 1921.
43. Letter, Harry H. Laughlin to Lucien Howe, 5
December 1922:APS 77 Series: 1.Laughlin to
Howe, 30 December 1922.
44. Letter, Harry H. Laughlin to Lucien Howe, 9
March 1925:APS 77 Series I: PDR &
Correspondence.
45. "Eugenical Responsibility, " Eugenical News, Vol.
XVI (1931), pp. 45, 46.
46. "Eugenical Responsibility, " p. 46.
47. "Eugenical Responsibility, " pp. 46-47.
48. "Eugenical Responsibility, " p. 47.
49. "Death of Dr. Lucien Howe." Newell, p. 155.
I. Harry H. Laughlin, "Population Schedule for
the Census of 1920, "Joumal of He/'edity,
Vol. X,
NO.5 (May 1919), p. 208.
2. U. S. DepartrnentofCommerce, Statistical
Direct01Y of Stare lnstitution.r f01' the Defective,
Dependem,
and Delinquem Classes (Washington,
DC: Government Printing Office, 1919), p. 5.
3. See U.S. DepaconentofCommerce, "Report
on the Defective, Dependent, and Delinquent
Classes, " as referenced by University of
VVisconsin, "Study Report, " DPLS Catalog of
Holdings at www.wisc.edu. See Documents
Service Center, "Decennial Census
Information: 1880 Census - Detailed
Holdings, " at www.columbia.edu. Harry H.
Laughlin, "The Socially Inadequate: How Shall
We Designate and Sort Them'" The American
Joumal of Sociology Vol. XXVII NO.1 OuJy
192I) reprinted in Hm7Y Laughlin Rep.-i1tts
(Washington, DC: Carnegie Institute of
Washington, n.d.), pp. 54, 55-56, 68.
4. Laughlin, "Socially Inadequate, " p.68.
Letter,
Joseph A. Hill to Harry H. Laughlin, 2January
1918: Truman 0-4-5:5.
5. Laughlin, "Socially Inadequate, " pp. 57, 62, 67-
68. Hill to Laughlin, 2January 1918.
6. Hill to Laughlin, 2January 1918. See Harry H.
Laughlin, Statistical Direct01Y of State 11lstitlttions
f01' the Defective, Depende11t, alld Delillque11t
Classes (Washington, DC: Government Printing
Office, 1919). Laughlin, "Socially Inadequate,
"
pp. 54, 57-67, 68.
7. Letter, Harry H. Laughlin to Samuel L.
Rogers, 20 December 1918: Truman C-4-2:6.
Letter, Samuel L. Rogers to Harry H.
Laughlin, 23 December 1918:Truman C-4-2:6.
See letter, Harry H. Laughlin to VViliiamM.
Steuart, 22 May 1929: Truman E-2-2:8. Also
see letter,
Harry H. Laughlin to Irving Fisher,
23 February 1928:Truman 0-2-3:22.
8. Laughlin, "Population Schedule, " pp. 208-209.
Eugenic Research Association, "Meeting of the
Executive Committee of the Eugenics Research
Association Tuesday, Feb. 18, 1919, " Truman
ERA Minutes Vol. 2 (n.p., 1919), p.2. See
IPUMS-USA, "1910 Sampling Procedures, " at
www.iputTIs.umn.edu.
9. Laughlin, "Population Schedule, " p. 209. Hill
to Laughlin, 2January 1918.
10. See letter, Julia C. Lathrop to Elizabeth B.
Muncey, 17 February 1916: APS Series IA:015-
T. See "The Federal Census Schedule,
"
Eugenical News Vol. V(1920), pp. 36-37. See
"Eugenical Significance ofIndividual Records,
"
Eugeniclli News Vol. XIII (1928), pp. 8-9. See "A
Needed Amendment of the Census Bill: 1929,
"
Eugenical Ne-<1JVSol. XIV (1929), pp. 53-55. See
letter,
Harry H. Laughlin to Lewis W. Douglas,
II April 1929:Truman
C-4-6: 17. See letter,
Harry H. Laughlin to VVilliamM. Steuart, 12
April 1929: Truman E-2-2:8. See letter, Harry
H. Laughlin to William M. Steuart, 22 May
1929: Truman E-2-2:8. See "Present Status of
the Proposed 'Race-Descent' Item in the
Census Population Schedule, " Eugellical News
Vol. XIV (1929), pp. 138-139.
11. Harry H. Laughlin, Classification Stlllldll1"tlrto be
Followed in Preparillg Datil for the Schedule
"Rt/ciallllld Diagnostic Reco1"tlrof I", "ares of State
Institutions, " (\iVashington, DC: Government
Printing Office, 1922), p. 4: Truman C-4-6: 16.
]. David Smith, The Eugellic Assaul, 011 Amaicll:
Scenes in Red, White, and BllIck (Fairfax, VA:
George Mason University Press, 1993), p. 60.
12. Letter, Walter A. Plecker to Editor, Survey
Graphic, 13 March 1925:UVA Library 7284A
Powell Papers, Box 56, Folder 1925.7284A.
13. Loyd Thompson and "'/infield Scott Downs,
ed., Who's Wbo ill AlIm'ial1l Medicille 1925 (New
York: Who's Who Publications, Inc., 1925), s.v.
"Plecker, Walter Ashby." Smith, p. 60. See Joan
Charles, Elizabeth City COUllty, Vhgillia Will
1800-1859, (Bowie, MD: Heritage Books,
Inc.,
n.d.). See Blanche Adams Chapman, Wills alld
Admillistratioll of Elizabeth City County, Vi/gillia
1688-1800 (J 980, n.p.). See author's notes on
established sources of Elizabeth City County
genealogical records.
14. Smith, p. 60. Walter A. PIecker, "The 1930
U.S. Census, " n.p., n.d.: Truman D-4-3: 12.
Letter, Walter A. Plecker to Harry H.
Laughlin, 24 November 1928:Truman D-4-
3: 12.
15. Smith, pp. 60-61. Richard B. Sherman, "'The
Last Stand': The Fight for Racial Integrity in
Virginia in the 1920's, " The }ou17Ial ofSollthe177
History, Vol. 54 Issue 1(February, 1988), p. 78.
16. Bureau of Vital Statistics, Eugmics in Relation to
the New Family and the Low on Racial Integrity,
(Richmond: Supt. Public Printing, 1924), p. 26.
17. Letter, Walter A. Plecker to Madison Grant, 13
January 1928: Truman D-4-3:12. Letter, Walter
A. Plecker to Harry H. Laughlin, 17 November
1930: Truman D-4-3: 12.
18. Letter, Walter A. Plecker to Harry H.
Laughlin, 25 February 1928: Truman D-4-3:12.
19. Letter, Walter A. Plecker to Undertakers of
Virginia, July 1921: Library of Virginia -
Richmond. See Letter, Walter A. Plecker to
Harry Davis, 4 October 1924:OVA Library
7284APowell Papers, Box 56, Folder 1924#2.
20. Plecker to Grant, 13January 1928.
21. Pleckerto Grant, 13January 1928.
22. Charles B. Davenport, Eugenics Record Office
Bulletiu NO.9: State Laws Limiting Ma'Tiage
Selection Examined in the Light of Eugmics (Cold
Spring Harbor, New York: Eugenics Record
Office, 1913),
pp. 43-66. Walter A. Plecker,
Virginia~ Vtmished Race, (n.p.:July 1947):OVA
Library Broadside 1947, Virginia's Vanished
Race W.A. Plecker. Arthur Estabrook and Ivan
E. McDougle, Mongrel Virginians: The Win
Tribe, (Baltimore: The Williams & Wilkins
Company, 1926), p. 145
23. "Racial Integrity, " Richmond Times-Dispatch, 18
February 1924. Sherman,
p. 81. Philip Reilly,
"The Virginia Racial Integrity Act Revisited:
The Plecker-Laughlin Correspondence: 1928-
1930, " American }ou171alof Medical Gmetics Vol.
16 (1983), p. 486. Letter, Walter A. Plecker to
Harry H. Laughlin, 19 March 1930:Truman
D-4-3:12.
24. Smith, pp. 16-17. Sherman, pp. 73-74.
25. The Marcus Garvey and UNIA Papers Project,
UCLA "American Series Introduction: Volume
VI: September 1924 - December 1927) at
www.isop.ucla.edu. "Nuclei, " Eugmical News
Vol. IX (1924), p. 8. "White America,
"
Eugmical News Vol. IX (1924), p. 3.
26. John Powell, A B"each in the Dike: An Analysis of
the Son'ells Case Showing the Danger to Racial
Integrity from hltemlOn"iage of Whites with So-
Called Indians (Richmond, n.d.), p. 3 as cited by
Sherman, p. 81. Sherman, p. 79.
27. Smith, p. 59. Sherman, p. 77. Virginia
Department of Health, "The New Virginia
Law to Preserve Racial Integrity, " Virginia
Health Bulletin, Vol. XVI Extra NO.2 (March
1924), p. 4.
28. John Powell and E.S. Cox, "Is White America
to Become a Negroid Nation?" Richmond
Times-Dispatch, 22 July 1923. "Editorial: Racial
Integrity, " Richmond Times-Dispatch, 22 July
1923-
29. "Powell Asks Law Guarding Racial Purity,
"
Ricbmond Times-Dispatch, 13 February 1924.
30. "Racial Integrity, " Richmond Times-Dispatch, 18
February 1924.
31. Shuman, pp. 77-78. Letter, Walter A. Plecker
to Reverend Wendell White, 10May 1924:
OVA Library 7284A Powell Papers,
Box 56,
Folder 1924 #1. Plecker to Davis, 4 October
1924.
32. "Against Miscegenation, " Eugmical News, Vol.
IX (1924), p. 48. Virginia Department of
Health, "The New Virginia Law to Preserve
Racial Integrity." Smith, p. 20.
33. Virginia Department of Health, "Instructions
to Local Registrars and Other Agents In
Administration of the Law, " Vi'ginia Health
Bulletin,
Vol. XVI Extra NO.1 (March 1924),
pp.l, 2, attached sample record card.
34. "The New Virginia Law to Preserve Racial
Integrity, " pp. 1, 2, 4.
35. Plecker to Davis, 4 October 1924.
36. Letter, Walter A. Plecker to Mrs. Robert H.
Cheatham and Mrs. Mary Gildon, 30 April
1924: OVA Library 7284A Powell Papers, Box
56, Folder 1924#1.
37. Plecker to Cheatham and Gildon, 30 April
1924.
38. Plecker to Cheatham and Gildon, 30 April
1924.
39. Letter, Walter A. Plecker to W. H. Clark, 29
July 1924: OVA Library 7284A Powell Papers,
Box 56, Folder 1924 #1.
40. Plecker to Clark, 29 July 1924.
41. Letter, Walter A. Plecker to Pal S. Beverly, 12
October 1929:Truman D-4-3:12.
42. Plecker to Beverly, 12 October 1929.
43. Plecker to Beverly, 12 October 1929.
44. Letter, Walter A. Plecker to Mascott Hamilton,
10 October 1930: Truman D-4-3:12.
45. Plecker to Hamilton, 10 October 1930.
46. Plecker to Hamilton, 10 October 1930.
47. Letter, Walter A. Plecker to Mrs. Frank C.
Clark, 1May 1930: Truman D-4-3:12.
48. Plecker to Mrs. Frank C. Clark, 1May 1930.
49. Letter, Walter A. Plecker to Harry H.
Laughlin, 24May 1929: Truman D-4-3:12.
51. Plecker to Laughlin, 24 November 1928.
52. Letter, Walter A. Plecker to Dr. H. V.
Fitzgerald, County School Board, 11July 1940:
OVA Library 7284A Powell Papers,
Box 56,
Folder 1940 #4. Plecker to Laughlin, 17
November 1930. Smith, p. 67.
53. Plecker to Fitzgerald, 11July 1940.
55. Bureau of Vital Statistics, State Board of
Health,
The New Family and Race Imp"ove1llent,
(Richmond, VA:Bureau of
Vital Statistics,
1925), p. 3. "Report of the Bureau of Vital
Statistics State Board of Health to the
Governor of Virginia, " Vi"ginia Health Bulletin
Vol. XIX, No. I, (January 1927), pp. 9-10.
56. Eugenics in Relation to the New Family, pp. 6-7.
57. ~Talter A. Plecker, "Virginia's Effort to Preserve
Racial Integrity, " A Decade oJProgress in
Eugenics: Scientific Pope, ., oj the Third
International Congress oJEugenics (Baltimore:
The Williams & Wilkins Company, 1934), p.
105. "The Twenty Second Annual Meeting of
the Eugenics Research Association: Virginia's
Methods of Research in Racial Integrity,
"
Eugenical News, Vol. XX (1935), p. 25. Letter,
"'Talter A. Plecker to Harry H. Laughlin, 12
December 1928:Truman D-4-3:12. Letter,
Harry H. Laughlin to Walter A. Plecker, 18
May 1929:Truman D-4-3: 12. Letter, Harry H.
Laughlin to Walter A. Plecker, 17 March 1930:
Truman D-4-3:12. Plecker to Laughlin, 19
March 1930. Walter A. Plecker, "Race Mixture
and the Next Census, " Eugenics Vol. II NO.3
(March 1929), p. I.
58. Walter A. PIecker, "Virginia's Attempt to Adjust
the Color Problem, " Jou171al oj American Public
Health(I925), pp.lll, 114.
59. Plecker, "The 1930 U.S. Census."
60. Letter, John Powell to George H. Roberts, 28
February 1925:UVA Library 7284A Powell
Papers, Box 56,
Folder 1925. Plecker to White,
10May 1924.
61. Powell to Roberts, 28 February 1925.
62. Plecker to Davis, 4 October 1924. Plecker to
Laughlin, 12 December 1928. Plecker to
White, 10May 1924.
63. Plecker to Laughlin, 24May 1929. See letter,
Walter A. Plecker to Harry H. Laughlin, 26
June 1928:Truman D-4-3:12. See Wisconsin
(1929), Bill 409 S: Truman D-4-3:12. See chart
attached to letter, Walter A. Plecker to Madison
Grant, 18June 1931: Truman D-4-3:12 as compared
to Davenport pp. 43-66. Letter, Harry H.
Laughlin to Walter A. Plecker, 22 November
1928: Truman D-4-3: 12. Laughlin to Plecker,
18May 1929.
64. Letter, Walter A. Plecker to A. H. Crismond,
21 August 1940:UVA Library 7284A Powell
Papers, Box 56, Folder 1940 #4.
65. Letter, Walter A. Plecker to Luke M. Smith, 3
September 1940: UVA Library 7284A Powell
Papers, Box 56, Folder 1940 #4. Letter, Walter
A. Plecker to Samuel L. Adams, II December
1924: UVA Library 7284A Powell Papers, Box
56, Folder 1924 #2. Eugenics in Relation to the
Ne-dJFamily, p. 22.
66. Stuart E. Brown, Jr., Lorraine F. Myers and
Eileen M. Chappel, Pocahontas' Descendants
(Baltimore,
MD: The Pocahontas Foundation,
1985), pp. iii, 347, 409, 410, 421, 426, 442.
67. See University of Wisconsin, "Help Files-
Genealogical Research Using U.S. Census
Data, " at www.uwm.edu. See U.S. Department
of Commerce, "1860 Census: Instructions to
the Marshals"at www.ipums.umn.edu as compared
to U.S. Department of Commerce, "1870
Census: Instructions to the Marshals" at
www.ipums.umn.edu as compared to U.S.
Department of Commerce, "1880 Census:
Instructions to the Marshals" at
www.ipums.umn.edu as compared to U.S.
Department of Commerce, "1890 Census:
Instructions to the Marshals" at
www.ipums.umn.edu as compared to U.S.
Department of Commerce, "1900 Census:
Instructions to the Marshals" at
www.ipums.umn.edu as compared to U.S.
Department of Commerce, "1910 Census:
Instructions to the Marshals" at
www.ipums.umn.edu. See "The Most Prolific
People in the United States, " Eugenical News
Vol. XXIII (1938), pp. 29-31. See "American
Indians Made Citizens, " Eugenical News Vol. IX
(1924), p. 73. See Library of Congress, "Today
in History, " at memory.loc.gov.
68. Plecker to Davis, 4 October 1924. Deparonent
of Commerce, "U.S. Census Estimate of
Indians in Virginia, Vol. III, 1920 Population,
"
n.d.: UVA Library 7284A Powell Papers, Box
56, Folder 1921. See Plecker to Adams, II
December 1924.
69. Plecker to Davis, 4 October 1924.
70. Reclaiming our Heritage, prod. Sharon Bryant,
Virginia Foundation for the Humanities,
1997,
videocassette. Estabrook and McDougle, p. 145.
71. Plecker to Davis, 4 October 1924. "Abstracts of
Papers at 1934 ERA Meeting,
" Eugenical News,
Vol.XX (1935), p. 25.
72. Plecker to W. H. Clark, 29 July 1924.
73. Letter, Walter A. Plecker to A. P. Bohannon, 3
May 1938: UVA Library 7284A Powell Papers,
Box 56, Folder 1938 #4.
74. Letter, Walter A. Plecker to R. S. Major, 28
August 1942:UVA Library 7284A Powell
Papers, Box 56, Folder 1942 #4.
75. Letter, Walter A. Plecker to William E.
Bradby,
2 February 1942:UVA Library 7284A Powell
Papers, Box 56, Folder 1942 #4.
76. Estabrook and McDougle, p. 15. See Plecker to
Davis, 4 October 1924.
77. "Mongrel Virginians, " Eugenical News Vol. XI
(1926), p. 70. The Wilkins & Wilkins
Company, "Mongrel Virginians, " (Baltimore:
The Williams & Wilkins Company, circa 1926):
Truman E-2-2. Estabrook and McDougle, pp.
3, 8. See Estabrook and McDougle, pp. 13, 177.
78. Estabrook and McDougle, pp. 13, 14.
79. Estabrook and McDougle, pp. 199-200.
80. Estabrook and McDougle, p. 201.
81. Estabrook and McDougle, p. 202.
82. Smith, pp. 86, 87. "Mongrel Virginians, "
Eugenical News, p. 70.
83. Smith, pp. 95, 96. "Petition For Mandamus,
"
S01-rellsv. A. T. Shields, Clerk (1924): OVA
Library 7284A Powell Papers, Box 56, Folder
1924#2.
85. "Petition For Mandamus." Letter, Leon H.
Bazile toJohn Powell, 26 November 1924:
OVA Library 7284A Powell Papers,
Box 56,
Folder 1924#2.
86. Letter, Bazile to Powell, 26 November 1924.
Smith, p. 75. Sherman, pp. 81, 85.
87. Letter, Walter A. Plecker to the Virginia
Department of Health, 27 May 1946: OVA
Library 7284A Powell Papers, Box 56, Folder
1944-46. Letter, Walter A. Plecker to Dr. 1. e.
Riggin, 27 May 1946: OVA Library 7284A
Powell Papers, Box 56, Folder 1944-46. See
Plecker, Virginia's Vanished Race.
1. Letter, John e. Merriam to Charles B.
Davenport, 20 June 1923: CIW Genetics:
Eugenics Record Office Misc. Correspondence
2 of 2. See Fourth Report of the Committee on
Selective Immigration of the American
Eugenics Society, memorandum, circa July
1929:Truman C-4-4:6.
2. US Department of Commerce, Hist01·ical
Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to
1970, (VVashingtonDC: US Department of
Commerce, 1976).
3. US Department of Commerce.
4. The National Park Service, "Statue of Liberty:
Museum Exhibits, " at www.nps.gov. Emma
Lazarus, "The New Colossus."
5. Margo]. Anderson, The American Census (New
Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1988), pp.
132, 133. Paul Burnett, "The Red Scare, " at
www.law.umkc.edu.
6. Anderson, pp. 134, 139.
7. Anti-Defamation League, "Extremism in
America: Ku Klux Klan, " at www.adl.org.
Burnett. John Higham, StTangas in the Land
(New Brunswick,
NJ: Rutgers University Press,
1955), pp 264-265. William M. Tuttle, Jr., Race
Riot: Chicago in the Red Summer of 1919 (New
York, NY: Atheneum, 1970), pp 16-20, 22-23.
Anderson, p. 133.
8. Robert Dee. Ward, "Our Immigration Laws
From the Viewpoint of National Eugenics,
"
National Geographic, January 1912: Truman C-
4-2:7. Letter, Irving Fisher to Charles B.
Davenport, 2 March 1912: APS BDn Fisher
#7. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Irving
Fisher, 4 March 1912:APS BDn Fisher #7.
9. Biographical Di, ·eetory of the U. S. Congress, s. v.
AlbertJohnson at bioguide.congress.gov. City
of Hiawatha Home Page at www.cityofhiawatha.
org. City of Atchison Visitor
Information at
www.atchisonkansas.ner.
10. "Course Outline of Eugenics, " 1933, p. 14:
Truman E-2-2:17. Harry H. Laughlin, "A Bill,
"
n.p., circa 1917: Truman C-2-4:5. Letter,
Prescott F. Hall to Charles B. Davenport, 1
October 1920: APS B:D 27.
II. Prescott F. Hall, "Immigration Restrictions and
World Eugenics,
" Journal of Heredity Vol. X,
No.3 (March, 1919), p. 126.
12. Letters, AlbertJohnson to Madison Grant, 19
March 1924 and Madison Grant to Albert
Johnson, 12 December 1923 as cited by
Hassencahl, p. 209. Letter, Madison Grant to
Charles B. Davenport, 24 January 192I:APS
B:D 27 - Grant, Madison #4. Letter, Madison
Grant to John e. Merriam, 26 November
1924:APS B:D n -Grant,
Madison #4. Letter,
Charles B. Davenport to Madison Grant, 17
March 1921:APS B:D n -Grant, Madison #4.
Letter, Madison Grant to Charles B.
Davenport, 29 January 1921:APS B:D n -
Grant, Madison #4. Letter, Charles B.
Davenport to Madison Grant, n November
1920:APS B:D n -Grant,
Madison #4. Letter,
Charles B. Davenport to Madison Grant, 6
January 192I:APS B:D n -Grant, Madison #4.
Martha Ragsdale, "The National Origins Plan
ofImmigration Restriction, " (Nashville:
Vanderbilt University) unpublished manuscript,
p. 140: PRA#18.
13. See Harry H. Laughlin, Biological Aspects of
Immigration: CSHL: Harry H. Laughlin
Reprints.
14. Laughlin, pp. 4-5, 6, 13, 18.
15. Laughlin, pp. 3, 4, 21.
18. Memorandum, Harry H. Laughlin toJohn e.
Merriam, 17 October 1922: Truman C-4-5:6.
"Sample of Schedule used in the Melting Pot
Survey,
" attachment to Harry H. Laughlin,
"Definite Proposal for a New and More
Thorough Study of Crime Among Aliens and
the Descendants of Recent Immigrants in
American Criminalistic Institutions, " circa
1921: CA-5:1O. Letter, HarryH. Laughlin to
AlbertJohnson, 30 December 1924:Truman C-
2-4:5.
19. "Immigration Limits for the YearEndingJuly I,
1922, " Eugenical News Vol. VI (1921). Robert
DeCourcey Ward, "Immigration and the Three
Per Cent Restrictive Law, "Journal ofHeTedity
Vol. XII No.7 (August-September 1921), pp.
319-325. "First Report of the Committee on
Selective Immigration of the Eugenics
COInmittee of the United States of Anlerica,
"
memorandum, circa 1924:Truman C-4-4:3.
Harry H. Laughlin, "Scientific Investigations by
the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization
of the House of Representatives: Abstract
of Studies Made for the Committee,
" memorandum,
circa May 1922:Truman C-2-4:5.
20. Harry H. Laughlin, Classification Standards to be
Followed in Preparing Data for the Schedule
"Racial and Diagnostic Records of Inmates of State
Institutions, " (\Vashington, DC: Government
Printing Office, 1922), pp. 4, 7: Truman C-4-
6: 16. Letter, Harry H. Laughlin to Albert
Johnson, circa 1922: Truman C-2-4:5.
21. "Report of Harry H. Laughlin for the Ten
Months September I, 1923 -June 30, 1924,
"
memorandum, circa 1924, p. 3: C-2-3:3.
"Report of Harry H. Laughlin for the Year
Ending September I", 1923, " Memorandum
circa 1923: Truman C-2-5:15. House
Committee on Immigration and
Naturalization, Statement of Dr. Harry H.
Laughlin, 67, h Cong., #3d sess., 21 November
1922, p. 734.
22. House Committee, Statement ofD.: Harry H.
Laughlin, 21 November 1922, pp. 756, 760.
23. House Committee, Statement of D.: Harry H.
Laughlin, 21 November 1922, pp. 725,
752,
759.
24. "Biological Research in Immigration, "
memorandum,
circa 1920: Truman C-2-4:5. Letter,
Harry H. Laughlin to Frank Babbott, 18
February 1922: Truman C-4-3:5. Letter, Harry
H. Laughlin to Frank Babbott, 9July 1925:
Truman C-4-3:5. Davenport to Grant, 17
March 1921. Harry H. Laughlin, Immigration
and Conquest: A Report of The Special Committee
on Immigration and Naturalization of the Chamber
of Commerce of the State of New York (n.p.,
1939),
p.8.
25. "First Report of the Committee on Selective
Immigration of the Eugenics Committee of the
United States of America, " draft copy, circa
1924: Truman C-4-4:3. "Eugenics Committee
of the United States of America,
" memorandum,
circa 1924: APS 576.06 AM3 AESEugenics
Committee of USA Documents.
26. "First Report of the Committee on Selective
Immigration, " p. 2.
27. "First Report of the Committee on Selective
Immigration, " pp. 2, 3, 4.
28. "Annual Meeting of the Eugenics Research
Association,
" Eugenical News Vol. VIII (1923),
p. 53. Eugenics Research Association, Active
Membenhip Accession List (Cold Spring Harbor,
NY: Eugenics Research Association, 1922):
Truman, ERA Membership Records. US
Department of Labor, "Portraits: James J.
Davis,
" at www.dol.gov.Merriam to Davenport,
20 June 1923.
29. Merriam to Davenport, 20 June 1923.
30. Merriam to Davenport, 20June 1923. Letter,
Harry H. Laughlin to Charles B. Davenport, 26
November 1923: Truman C-2-6:17.
31. Merriam to Davenport, 20 June 1923.
32. Memorandum, Charles B. Davenport to Harry
H. Laughlin, 26June 1923: Truman C-4-3:9.
33. Certificate of appointment: Mark Laughlin
Collection as cited by Hassencahl, p. 191. See
Harry H. Laughlin, "Report of Harry H.
Laughlin for the Year Ending September I",
1923."
34. Laughlin to Johnson, circa 1922, p. 9.
35. "Personals, " Eugenical News Vol. VIII (1923), p.
94. Letter, Harry H. Laughlin to Dr. AJbert
Govaerts, 17 March 1923: Truman C-4-6: 19.
Letter, Harry H. Laughlin to Charles B.
Davenport, I October 1923: Truman D-2-6:17.
36. Laughlin to Davenport, I October 1923. Letter,
Harry. H. Laughlin to Charles B. Davenport,
22 November 1923: Truman C-2-6:17. "Report
of Harry H. Laughlin for the Ten Months
September I, 1923 - June 30,
1924." Letter,
Harry H. Laughlin toJudge Harry Olson, 12
October 1923: Truman D-2-3:6.
37. Laughlin to Olson, 12 October 1923.
38. "Report of Harry H. Laughlin for the Ten
Months September 1, 1923 - June 30, 1924, " p.
2. "Dr. AJbert Govaerts of Belgium, " Eugenical
News Vol. VII (1922), p. 64. Laughlin to
Davenport, 22 November 1923. Laughlin to
Davenport, 26 November 1923.
39. "Report of Harry H. Laughlin for the Ten
Months September I, 1923 - June 30, 1924, " p.
3. Laughlin to Davenport, 22 November 1923.
40. "Report of Harry H. Laughlin for the Ten
Months September I, 1923 -June 30, 1924, " p.
2. Laughlin to Davenport, 22 November 1923.
Laughlin to Davenport, 26 November 1923.
41. "Report of Harry H. Laughlin for the Ten
Months September I, 1923 - June 30, 1924,
"
pp. 2, 3. Laughlin to Davenport, 22 November
1923. Laughlin to Davenport, 26 November
1923. Laughlin to Davenport, I October 1923.
42. Laughlin to Davenport, 26 November 1923.
43. Laughlin to Davenport, 26 November 1923.
Harry H. Laughlin, "Interdepartmental
Authority, " memorandum circa December
1923: Truman D-4-3:13.
44. Laughlin, "Interdepartmental Authority."
45. "Report of Harry H. Laughlin for the Ten
Months September I, 1923 - June 30, 1924,
"
pp. I, 6. Laughlin to Davenport, I October
1923.
46. "Report of Harry H. Laughlin for the Year
Ending September I", 1923." Laughlin to
Davenport, 22 November 1923.
47. Laughlin to Davenport, 22 November 1923.
Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Harry H.
Laughlin, 21 December 1923: Truman C-2-
6:17.
48. Laughlin to Davenport, 26 November 1923.
49. Laughlin to Davenport, 22 November 1923.
50. Davenport to Laughlin, 21 December 1923.
51. "Report of Harry H. Laughlin for the Ten
Months September 1, 1923 - June 30, 1924, " p.
I. "Report of the Committee on Selective
Immigration of the Eugenics Committee of the
United States of America, " Euge11icalNews Vol.
IX (1924), pp. 21-24.
52. "Secretary Davis on Immigration, " Eugenical
News Vol. L'«1924), p. 37.
53. House Committee on Immigration and
Naturalization, Statement off), : Hany H.
Laughlin, 68th Con g., 1st sess.,
8 March 1924,
pp. 1279, 1281, 1283, 1294, 1295.
54. House Committee, Statement of Dr. Hany H.
Laughlin, 8 March 1924, pp. 1311, 1322,
1323,
1340.
55. House Committee, Statement of Dr. Hany H.
Langblin, 8 March 1924, p. 1300.
56. "Memorandum and Outline of Tentative
Working Agreement Between the Carnegie
Institution of Washington and the State
Department of the Federal Government in
Reference to Collaboration in the Collection of
First-Hand Data on Immigration at its
Sources, " memorandum, circa June 1924:
Truman C-4-3:9. Letter, W. M. Gilbert to
Harry H. Laughlin, II September 1924:
Truman C-4-3:9.
57. "Memorandum and Outline of Tentative
\, yorking Agreement Between the Carnegie
Institution of Washington and the State
Department." "Report of Harry H. Laughlin
for the Ten Months September I, 1923 - June
30, 1924, " p. 4. "The Several Filterings of the
Immigrant Sueam Directed Toward the United
States, " attachment to Lener, Harry H.
Laughlin to AlbertJohnson, 30 December
1924: Truman C-2-4:5.
58. "Memorandum and Outline of Tentative
Working Agreement Between the Carnegie
Institution of\, vashington and the State
Department" p. 3. See Ezekiel Cheever, School
Issues (Baltimore: Warwick & York, Inc., 1924):
cn, v Genetics: Eugenics Record Office Misc.
Correspondence 2 of 2.
62. Cheever, pp 41, 42-43.
65. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Lewellys F.
Barker, 18 April 1924: CIW Genetics: Eugenics
Record Office Misc. Correspondence 2 of 2.
Letter, Robert Dee. Ward to Harry H.
Laughlin, 20 March 1924: Truman C-4-1 :8.
Letter, Harry H. Laughlin to Robert Dee.
Ward, I April 1924:Truman C-4-1:8
66. Davenport to Barker, 18 April 1924.
67. US Department of Justice, "Immigration Act of
May26, 1924(43 Statutes-at-Large.l53), "at
www.ins.usdoj.gov. Ragsdale,
p. 17. Anderson,
p.146.
68. Anderson, pp. 147, 149. Ragsdale, p. 42.
69. Alfred P. Schultz, Race 07· Mongt·e/ (Boston: L. e.
Page and Company,
1908) as cited by Ragsdale,
p. II.
71. See Ragsdale, p. 41. Ragsdale, pp. 41-42.
74. Ragsdale, pp. 41, 45, 46, 48, 49. Fourth Report
of Committee on Selective Immigration, p. 6.
75. Letter, Harry H. Laughlin to Frank L. Babbott,
31 January 1927: Truman C-4-3:5.
76. Anderson, p. 149. "Immigration Act of May 26,
1924, " pp. 422-423. See Fourth Report of
Committee on Selective Immigration.
77. Robert Dee. Ward, "Higher Mental and
Physical Standards for Immigrants", reprinted
from The Scientific Monthly, Vol. IX (1924) P
539: Truman C-4-1:8. See Fourth Report of
Committee on Selective Immigration,
pp. 20,
28-30. Draft copy, "Immigration Service, "
(n.d), p. 2: Truman C-2-4:5.
78. US Department ofjustice, "Immigration and
ationality Act of June 27, 1952 (INA) (66
Statutes-at-Large 163), " at www.ins.usdoj.gov.
US Department ofjustice, "Immigration and
Nationality Act" at
www.ins.usdoj.gov.
I. See Robert Reid Rentoul, Race Culture; Or Race
Suicide? (London: The Walter Scott Publishing
Co., Ltd., 1906), pp. 4-5, 19-22. See Richard A.
Soloway, Demogt·aphy and Degm,
, ·ation: Eugmics
and the Declining Birthrate in TWe11tietb-Cmtmy
Britain, (Chapel Hill, NC: The University of
orth Carolina Press, 1990), pp. 2-4.
2. Pauline M.H. Mazumdar, Eugenics, Human
Gmetics and Human Failings (London:
Routledge, 1992), pp. 72-80, 89, 125, 143.
Arthur H. Estabrook and Charles B.
Davenport, Tbe Nam Family: A Snuly in
Cacoge1lics(Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold
Spring Harbor Press, 1912), p. I. "The
Eugenics Record Office, " Eugenical News, Vol. I
(1916), p. 2. Charles B. Davenport, "First
Report of Station for Experimental Evolution
Under Department of Experimental Biology,
"
Camegie Institution of Wasbington Year Book No.3
/904 (Washington, DC: Carnegie Institution of
Washington, 1905), pp. 22, 23, 33-34.
Anlerican Breeders' Association, "Minutes of
First Annual Meeting: St. Louis, Missouri:
December 29'" and 30"', 1903" memorandum
circa 1904, pp. 1-3. Francis Galton, Me1110riesof
my Life, (London: Methuen & Co., 1908), pp.
310, 320-321. See Francis Galton, "Eugenics;
Its Definitions, Scope and Aims": University
College London, Galton Papers, 138/9.
3. Rentoul, pp. 164, 165. Author's interview with
Indiana State Library, 9 December 2002.
Rentoul, p. i, xiv.
4. Francis Galton, "Eugenics: Its Definition,
Scope and Aims, " (paper read at a Meeting of
the Sociological Society, 16 May 1904):UCL
Galton Papers 138/9. Rentou!, p.I64. Also see
"An Easy Way of Sterilizing Degenerates, " The
B"itish Medical }ou17lOl, 13 August 1904, pp.
346-347.
5. Rentoul, pp. i, 17-22, 24-25, 109-110, 133-142.
6. Rentoul, pp. 10, 44, 101, 155.
9. Lady Georgina Chambers, "Notes on the Early
Days of the 'Eugenics Education Society, ''' pp
2, 3: Wellcome SNEUG/B-II. Mazumdar, pp.
24, 25, 27, 29, 30. Letter, Leonard Darwin to
David Starr Jordan, I January 1914: Hoover
Institution Archives, Horder, Box 60, Folder
52. Also see Phyllis Grosskurth,
Havelock Ellis,
A Biography (London: Allen Lane, 1980), p.
412n.
10. Rentoul, p. 169. Letter, C.S. Tromp to R.
Chalmers, 14 September 1906: PRO HO
45/10341/139871. "The Isle of Lundy, " at
www.lundy.org.uk.
II. Francis Galton, Rem"ictions in Marriage
(American Journal of Sociology, 1906), p. 3.
Francis Galton, Memories of My Life (London:
Methuen & Co., 1908), p. 310. Major Leonard
Darwin, "First Steps Towards Eugenic
Reform, " Eugenics Review, Vol. 4 (ca. April
1912), pp 34-35 as selected in G. K.
Chesterton, Eugenics and Oth,
, ' Evils, edited by
and including additional articles selected by
Michael W. Perry (Seattle,
WA: Inkling Press,
2000), pp 144-145.
12. "Eugenical Sterilization in England, " Eugenical
News Vol. X (1925), pp. 134-135. Letter, Hugh
MacEwen to Sir George Newman, 12 August
1930:PRO MH791291. Letter, A. Neville to
A.S. Moshinsky, 20 February 1937: PRO
MH791291.
14. "Notes on the Early Days, " p. 33.
15. "Notes on the Early Days, " pp. 3, 6-7. "A Large
Family" and "A Decadent Family", Admissions
forms for Sandlebridge Boarding Special
School: UCL, Galton Papers, 138/8. "Notes on
the Early Days of the 'Eugenics Education
Society, ''' pp. 4, 9. Dr. Caleb W. Saleeby, "The
House of Life: The Mental Deficiency Bill,
"
July 23 1912.
16. Letter, Sybil Gotto to Francis Galton, II
December 1909: UCL, Galton Papers, 24017.
"Eugenics: Prof. Karl Pearson on its Methods,
"
The Standard, 3January 1910. See "Notes on
the Early Days, " p. 32.
17. Carnegie Institution ofVVashington,
Announcement of Station fo, ' Experimental
Evolution (Washington: Carnegie Institution of
Washington, 1905), p. 4: APS: Davenport
Beginnings of Cold Spring Harbor. The
Eugenics Education Society, "Programme,
"
P, 'oble1nsin Eugenics Vol. 11: Report of Proceedings
of the First International Eugenical Cong.·ess
(Kingsway,
Wc.: Eugenics Education Society,
1913), pp. 3, 5, 6-13.
18. "Programme, " Proble1ns in Eugenics Vol. 11, p. 2.
19. Saleeby, "The House of Life: The Mental
Deficiency Bill."
20. Saleeby, "The Discussion of Alcoholism, " p. 6.
Richard Allen Soloway, Bi1, h Control and the
Population Question in England, 1877-1930
(Chapel Hill, NC: University of North
Carolina Press, 1982), p. 17. Rentoul, p. i.
"Notes on the Early Days, " pp. 4, 9.
2I. "The International Eugenics Congress."
Saleeby, "The Discussion of Alcoholism at the
Eugenics Congress, " p. 6. Saleeby, "The House
of Life: The Mental Deficiency BilL"
22. Grotto to Galton, II December 1909.
23. Michael Warren, A Chronology of State
Medicine,
Public Health, Welftre and Related Services in
B"itain: 1066 - 1999.
24. Mazumdar, pp. 22-23. Daniel]' Kevles, In The
Name of Eugmics, (Cambridge, MA: Harvard
University Press, 1985), p. 98.
25. Lord Riddell, "Sterilization of the Unfit: A
Paper for the Medico-Legal Society,
" memorandum,
circa February 1929, p. 17:PRO MH
58/103.
26. Mazumdar, pp. 23-24. Kevles, p. 98.
27. "Editorial otes", Eugenics Review Vol. 2
(October 1910), pp. 163-164. Letter, Winston
Churchill to unknown recipient, 27 May 1910:
PRO HO 144/10851193548/1.
28. Darwin, "First Steps Towards Eugenic
Reform."
29. Darwin, "First Steps Towards Eugenic
Reform." Riddell, p. 17.
30. Caleb Saleeby, The Progress of Eugenics (London:
Cassell, 1914), p. 181, as selected by Perry, p.
133.
31. Darwin, "First Steps Towards Eugenic
Reform." "The Mental Deficiency Act, 1913,
"
Eugenics Review Vol. 5 (Apr. 1913- Jan. 1914), p.
290, as selected by Perry, p. 148.
32. Saleeby, "The House of Life."
33. Darwin, "First Steps Towards Eugenic
Reform."
34. Saleeby, "The House of Life."
35. Saleeby, "The House of Life."
36. "Mental Deficiency Bill, " Eugmics Review Vol. 4
(circa January 1913), p. 420, as selected by
Perry, p. 146. R. Langdon-Down, "The Mental
Deficiency Bill, " Euge1lics RevinJJ Vol. 5 (circa
April 1913-January 1914), pp. 166-167, as
selected by Perry, p. 147.
37. "The Mental Deficiency Act, 1913, " p. 148.
Eugenics Society, "The Sterilization of Mental
Defectives, " draft of leaflet, circa 1929: PRO
MH 58/I04A.
38. Saleeby, The ProgressofEugmics, pp. 188-189, as
selected by Perry, p. 134.
39. "The Mental Deficiency Act, 1913, " p. 290, as
selected by Perry, p. 148. "The Mental
Deficiency Act, " Euge1lics RevinJJ Vol. 9 (April
1917 - January 1918),
p. 263 as cited by Perry,
pp. 148-149.
40. See Harry H. Laughlin, Eugenical St", -ilization
in the United States (Chicago: Psychopathic
Laboratory of the Municipal Court of Chicago,
1922).
4l. Galton, Me17loriesofmy Life, pp. 293-294, 320-
321. "Galton Laboratory for National Eugenics
and the Biometric Laboratory, " Organized
Eugenics, (New Haven, CT: American Eugenics
Society), 1931, p. 37. Soloway, Demography
and Degenration,
p. 163. C. P. Blacker,
Eugenics: Galton and Afm- (Westport, CT:
Hyperion Press, Inc.), p. 237. Mazumdar, pp.
82, 85.
42. Letter, Francis Benedict to Karl Pearson, 20
November 1920: UCL, Pearson Papers, 653/2.
Letter, Francis Benedict to Karl Pearson, 13
December 1920: UCL, Pearson Papers, 653/2.
43. Mazumdar, pp. 77, 85-87, 289, 328.
44. Mazumdar, p. 72. Report of the Committee
appointed to consider the Eugenic Aspect of
Poor Law Refonn, "Section I: The Eugenic
Principle in Poor Law Administration, " Eugenic
RevinJJ Vol. 2 (1910-1911) pp. 167-177 as cited
by Mazumdar, p. 72. Eugenics Education
Society, Third Ammal Report (1911), p. 18 as
cited by Mazumdar, pp. 71-72.
45. Mazumdar, pp. 71-72, 133-135, 205-207.
MacNicol, p 429.
46. Mazumdar, pp. 72, 73. "Metropolitan Relieving
Officers' Association: Eugenics and the Poor
Law, " The Poor·Law Office1'S'JouT7lal 26
September 1913 p. 1217. "Life and Scenes in
London # I: 'Bethnal Green, '" The Nineteemh
Century 0une 1924) as cited by Casebook: Jack
The Ripper at
www.casebook.org.
47. "Metropolitan Relieving Officers' Association:
Eugenics and the Poor Law."
48. Mazumdar, pp. 109-121, 124, 125. See
"Rothamsted, " at nolimits.nmw.ac.uk.
49. Mazumdar, pp. 125, 126, 137, 142, 294.
50. Letter, Harry H. Laughlin to Harry Olson, 12
October 1923: Truman D-2-3:6. Letter, Harry
H. Laughlin to Charles B. Davenport, 22
November 1923: Truman C-2-6:17.
51. Laughlin to Olson, 12 October 1923.
52. Generally see David Starr Jordan, Wa, · and the
Breed: The Relation of War to the Dow.ifall of
Natiom (1915).
54. Jordan. Eugenics RevinJJ, Vol. 6, o. 3 (October
1914), pp. 197-198 as cited by Soloway, p. 141.
55. Letter, Cora Hodson to Elton Mayo, 27 June
192 7: Eugenics Society Paper C21 0, as cited by
Mazumdar, pp. 127-128.
57. Mazumdar, p. 137. Letter, Cora Hodson to Sir
Walter Moley Fletcher, 15 September 1927:
PRO FDVI734.
58. "Population studies in Edinburgh, " Eugenics
RevinJJ Vol. 18 (1926-27), pp. 227 -230 as cited
by Mazumdar p. 137.
59. Letter, Cora Hodson to Sir Walter Moley
Fletcher, 15 September 1927. Letter, Cora
Hodson to Miss C. H. Paterson, 8 February
1926: Wellcome Box 112. Mazumdar, pp. 133-
137, 142. See Daniel Kevles, In The Name of
Eugenics (Cambridge: Harvard University Press,
1985), pp. 100-101. See John MacNicol, "The
Voluntary Sterilization Campaign in Britain,
1918- 39, " The
JouT7lal of the History of Sexuality,
Vol. 2., NO.3 (1992), p. 429.
60. Caleb Saleeby, "Two Decades of Eugenics, " The
Sociological RevinJJ 16 Ouly 1924), pp. 251-253 as
cited by Perry, p. 135. "History and Survey of
the Eugenics Movement, COnllllittee on the,
"
Organized Eugenics, p. 17.
61. Letter, Cora Hodson to Irving Fisher, 17June
1925: Truman C-2-5:6. Letter, Field Secretary to
Cora Hodson, 29 June 1925: Truman C-2-5:6.
62. Letter, Cora Hodson to S. Wayne Evans, 9 June
1931: Wellcome SAIEUGIE-l.
63. Letter, Paul M. Kinsie to Harry H. Laughlin,
28 March 1928: Truman C-2-5:6.
64. Eugenics Education Society, "Minutes of
Proceedings at A Meeting held at The Rooms
of the Royal Society,
Burlington House,
London, W. on Tuesday, January 29'h, 1924":
Truman D_5-2:13. Harry H. Laughlin,
"Eugenics in America, " Eugenics Review April
1925.
65. Laughlin, "Eugenics in America."
66. Cora Hodson, "Draft of Letter to 'The
Times.'"
67. "Segregation versus Sterilization, " Eugenical
NnJJsvol. X (1925), pp. 2-3.
68. C. P. Blacker, Eugenics: Galton and After
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
1952 reprinted by Westport, CT: Hyperion
Press, Inc., 1987), p. 203. "The Sterilization of
Mental Defectives."
69. Mazumdar, pp. 197, 198. MacNicol pp 428,
429.
70. Ministry of Health, "Existing Position in U.K.":
PRO MH 58/I04A.
71. Letter, Ellen Askwith to Neville Chamberlain,
16 February 1929: PRO MH 58/103. Letter, Sir
Bernard Mallet to Neville Chamberlain, 18
February 1929: PRO MH 58/10398826.
72. Letter, Frederick. J. Willis to Leonard
Darwin,
8July 1927: PROMH 51/547. Frederick]'
\Mllis, "Sterilization Bill,
" draft attached to letter,
8July 1927: PRO MH 51/547. Bernard
Mallet, "Draft of Sterilization Bill, " circa 1929:
PRO MH 51/547.
73. Letter, Lord Riddell to Neville Chamberlain,
27 April 1929: PRO MH 58/103. Riddell,
pp. I,
9, 17, 20.
75. Mazumdar, p. 204. "Committee for Legalizing
Eugenic Sterilization, " circa 1929, pp. 16, 28-
29: PRO MH 58/103 98826.
76. The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6"' ed., S.V. "Great
Britain." Riddell, pp. 9, 10, II.
77. Soloway, Demography and Degeneration, pp.
163, 381 footnote 3. C. P. Blacker, "Eugenics In
Prospect and Retrospect,
" The Galton Lecture,
1945 (Hamish Hamilton Medical Books,
n.d.),
p.18.
78. Letter, Cora Hodson to Ernst Rudin, 24 July
1930: Eugenic Society Papers C300 as cited by
Mazumdar,
p. 205. Ernst Rudin,
"Psychiatrische Indikation zur Sterilisierung,
"
Das kommende Geschlecht 5 (1929), pp. 1-19:
Eugenics Society Papers C300 as cited by
Mazumdar p. 206. Mazumdar pp 205, 309 footnote
2\.
79. Letter, Cora Hodson to S. Wayne Evans, II
June 1930: Wellcome SAIEUGIE-\.
80. Letter, Cora Hodson to Charles B. Davenport,
15 February 1930: APS B:D 27 - IFEO 1930
#\. See Letter, Cora Hodson to Charles B.
Davenport, 25 March 1930:APS B:D 27 -
IFEO 1930 #1. See Letter, Charles B.
Davenport to Cora Hodson, 31 March 1930:
APS B:D 27 - IFEO 1930 #\. See Letter,
Charles B. Davenport to Cora Hodson, 13May
1930: APS B:D 27 - IFEO 1930 #\. See Letter,
Charles B. Davenport to Cora Hodson, 13June
1930: APS B:D 27 - IFEO 1930 #1.
81. Hodson to Davenport, 25 March 1930.
Davenport to Hodson,
31 March 1930. Letter,
Cora Hodson to Sir Walter Moley Fletcher, 10
April 1930: APS B:D 27 - IFEO 1930 #1.
82. Davenportto Hodson, 13May 1930.
83. Davenport to Hodson, 13June 1930. "1930
Meeting oflnternational Federation of Eugenic
Organization: Programme and Time Table":
Truman C-2-4:3.
84. Eric Donaldson, "Operations on Mentally
Deficient Patients in the Poor Law Hospital,
"
pp. 1, 4:PRO MH 79/291.
88. Donaldson, pp. 2, 3, 4. Letter, Eric Donaldson
to Hugh MacEwen, 9 August 1930: PRO MH
79/291. MacEwen to Newman, 12 August
1930.
89. Donaldson, p. I. Letter, Laurence Brock to R.
H. H. Keenlyside, I August 1930: PRO MH
79/291.
90. Letter, Lionel L. Westrope to the Ministry of
Health, 14 October 1930: PRO MH 79/29\.
"Ambulance Totes, "L.N.E.R. Magazine Vol. 29
NO.5 (May, 1939).
91. MacNicol, pp. 43 I, 432. Mazumdar, pp. 2 11,
2 12. See Casti Connubii: Encyclical of Pope Pius Xl
on Ch"istian MmTiages.
92. Casti Connubii, section 68.
93. Casti Connubii, section 70.
94. Casti Connubii, sections 63, 64. Exodus 20:13
NIV Study Bible.
95. Eugenics Society, Ste11lization of Mental
Defectives, n.p., n.d.: Wellcome SNEUGIN-32.
"Should the Unfit be Sterilized'" newspaper
clipping, n.p., n.d.: Wellcome SNEUGIN-33.
Committee fo, ' Legalizing Sterilization, p. 16.
96. MacNicol, pp. 429, 435. Eugenics Society,
Annual Report /93/-32, n.p., circa 1932, p. 6:
Wellcome SAIEUG/A-24.
97. MacNicol, p 429. Mazumdar pp. 211, 212.
98. Letter, Eugenics Society to Michael Pease, 17
August 193I: \Nellcome Box 112. "Committee
for Legalising Sterilization", pp. 15-17.
Mazumdar, p. 206.
99. Letter, British Embassy to Sir John Simon, 17
November 1938: Wellcome Box 112. Brock
Committee, "Summary of Principal
Recommendation, " p. I: PRO MH 51/210.
Mazumdar, p. 203. Brock Committee, "Section
86: The Problem of the Carrier": PRO MH
51/210.
100. Mazumdar, pp. 210-211.
101. Blacker, pp 303-304. "Population and Its
Control, " Eugmical News, Vol. XX (1935), p.
100. "Publication of the State Law: Part I:
Given out in Berlin - 25, hJuly 1933, No. 86"
circa 1933: Wellcome Library Box 112.
|