| MEMO 27 UNCLASSIFIED
 SECRET/NOFORN THE SECRETARY OF 
		DEFENSE1000 DEFENSE PENTAGON
 WASHINGTON, DC 20301-1000
 APR 16 2003 MEMORANDUM FOR THE 
		COMMANDER, US SOUTHERN COMMAND SUBJECT: 
		Counter-Resistance Techniques in the War on Terrorism (S) (S/NF)(U) I have considered the report of the Working Group that I directed be 
		established on January 15, 2003.
 (S/NF)(U) I approve the use of specified counter-resistance techniques, 
		subject to the following:
 (U) a. The 
		techniques I authorize are those lettered A-X, set out at Tab A. (U) b. These 
		techniques must be used with all the safeguards described at Tab B. (S)(U) c. Use of these techniques is limited to interrogations of unlawful 
		combatants held at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.
 (S/)(U) d. Prior to the use of these techniques, the Chairman of the Working 
		Group on Detainee Interrogations in the Global War on Terrorism must 
		brief you and your staff.
 (S/NF)(U) I reiterate that US Armed Forces shall continue to treat detainees 
		humanely and, to the extent appropriate and consistent with military 
		necessity, in a manner consistent with the principles of the Geneva 
		Conventions. In addition, if you intend to use techniques B, I, Q, or X, 
		you must specifically determine that military necessity requires its use 
		and notify me in advance.
 (S/NF)(U) If, in your view, you require additional interrogation techniques 
		for a particular detainee, you should provide me, via the Chairman of 
		the Joint Chiefs of Staff, a written request describing the proposed 
		technique, recommended safeguards, and the rationale for applying it 
		with an identified detainee.
 (S/NF)(U) Nothing in this memorandum in any way restricts your existing 
		authority to maintain good order and discipline among detainees.
 [Signed Donald 
		Rumsfeld] Attachments:As stated
 Declassified Under 
		Authority of Executive Order 12958By Executive Secretary, Office of the Secretary of Defense
 William P. Marriott, CAPT, USN
 June 18, 2004
 Classified By: 
		Secretary of DefenseReason: 1.5(a)
 Declassify On: 2 April 2013
 UNCLASSIFIED
 SECRET/NOFORN NOT RELEASABLE TOFOREIGN NATIONALS
 TAB AINTERROGATION TECHNIQUES
 
 (S/NF)(U) The use of techniques A- X is subject to the 
		general safeguards as provided below as well as specific implementation 
		guidelines to be provided by the appropriate authority. Specific 
		implementation guidance with respect to techniques A - Q is provided in 
		Army Field Manual 34-52. Further implementation guidance with respect to 
		techniques R - X will need to be developed by the appropriate authority.
 (S/NF)(U) Of the techniques set forth below, the policy aspects of certain 
		techniques should be considered to the extent those policy aspects 
		reflect the views of other major U.S. partner nations. Where applicable, 
		the description of the technique is annotated to include a summary of 
		the policy issues that should be considered before application of the 
		technique.
 A. (S/NF)(U) Direct: Asking straightforward questions. B. (S/NF)(U) Incentive/Removal of Incentive: Providing a reward or removing a 
		privilege, above and beyond those that are required by the Geneva 
		Convention, from detainees. [Caution: Other nations that believe that 
		detainees are entitled to POW protections may consider that provision 
		and retention of religious items (e.g., the Koran) are protected under 
		international law (see, Geneva III, Article 34). Although the provisions 
		of the Geneva Convention are not applicable to the interrogation of 
		unlawful combatants, consideration should be given to these views prior 
		to application of the technique.] C. (S/NF)(U) Emotional Love: Playing on the love a detainee has for an individual 
		or group. D. (S/NF)(U) Emotional Hate: Playing on the hatred a detainee has for an 
		individual or group. E. (S/NF)(U) Fear Up Harsh: Significantly increasing the fear level in a 
		detainee. F. (S/NF)(U) Fear Up Mild: Moderately increasing the fear level in a detainee. G. (S/NF)(U) Reduced Fear: Reducing the fear level in a detainee. H. (S/NF)(U) Pride and Ego Up: Boosting the ego of a detainee. Classified By: 
		Secretary of DefenseReason:1.5(a)
 Declassify On: 2 April 2013
 NOT RELEASABLE TOFOREIGN NATIONALS
 I. (S/NF)(U) Pride and Ego Down: Attacking or insulting the ego of a detainee, 
		not beyond the limits that would apply to a POW. [Caution: Article 17 of 
		Geneva III provides, "Prisoners of war who refuse to answer may not be 
		threatened, insulted, or exposed to any unpleasant or disadvantageous 
		treatment of any kind." Other nations that believe that detainees are 
		entitled to POW protections may consider this technique inconsistent 
		with the provisions of Geneva. Although the provisions of Geneva are not 
		applicable to the interrogation of unlawful combatants, consideration 
		should be given to these views prior to application of the technique.] J. (S/NF)(U) Futility: Invoking the feeling of futility of a detainee. K. (S/NF)(U)) We Know All: Convincing the detainee that the interrogator knows 
		the answer to questions he asks the detainee. L. (S/NF)(U) Establish Your Identity: Convincing the detainee that the 
		interrogator has mistaken the detainee for someone else. M. (S/NF)(U) Repetition Approach: Continuously repeating the same question to the 
		detainee within interrogation periods of normal duration. N. (S/NF)(U) File and Dossier: Convincing detainee that the interrogator has a 
		damning and inaccurate file, which must be fixed. O. (S/NF)(U) Mutt and Jeff: A team consisting of a friendly and harsh 
		interrogator. The harsh interrogator might employ the Pride and Ego Down 
		technique. [Caution: Other nations that believe that POW protections 
		apply to detainees may view this technique as inconsistent with Geneva 
		III, Article 13 which provides that paws must be protected against acts 
		of intimidation. Although the provisions of Geneva are not applicable to 
		the interrogation of unlawful combatants, consideration should be given 
		to these views prior to application of the technique.] P. (S/NF)(U) Rapid Fire: Questioning in rapid succession without allowing 
		detainee to answer. Q. (S/NF)(U) Silence: Staring at the detainee to encourage discomfort. R. (S/NF)(U) Change of Scenery Up: Removing the detainee from the standard 
		interrogation setting (generally to a location more pleasant, but no 
		worse). S. (S/NF)(U) Change of Scenery Down: Removing the detainee from the standard 
		interrogation setting and placing him in a setting that may be less 
		comfortable; would not constitute a substantial change in environmental 
		quality. T. (S/NF)(U) Dietary Manipulation: Changing the diet of a detainee; no intended 
		deprivation of food or water; no adverse medical or cultural effect and 
		without intent to deprive subject of food or water, e.g., hot rations to 
		MREs. U. (S/NF)(U) Environmental Manipulation: Altering the environment to create 
		moderate discomfort (e.g., adjusting temperature or introducing an 
		unpleasant smell). Conditions would not be such that they would injure 
		the detainee. Detainee would be accompanied by interrogator at all 
		times. [Caution: Based on court cases in other countries, some nations 
		may view application of this technique in certain circumstances to be 
		inhumane. Consideration of these views should be given prior to use of 
		this technique.] V. (S/NF)(U) Sleep Adjustment: Adjusting the sleeping times of the detainee 
		(e.g., reversing sleep cycles from night to day.) This technique is NOT 
		sleep deprivation. W. (S/NF)(U) False Flag: Convincing the detainee that individuals from a country 
		other than the United States are interrogating him. X. (S/NF)(U) Isolation: Isolating the detainee from other detainees while still 
		complying with basic standards of treatment. [Caution: The use of 
		isolation as an interrogation technique requires detailed implementation 
		instructions, including specific guidelines regarding the length of 
		isolation, medical and psychological review, and approval for extensions 
		of the length of isolation by the appropriate level in the chain of 
		command. This technique is not known to have been generally used for 
		interrogation purposes for longer than 30 days. Those nations that 
		believe detainees are subject to POW protections may view use of this 
		technique as inconsistent with the requirements of Geneva III, Article 
		13 which provides that POWs must be protected against acts of 
		intimidation; Article 14 which provides that POWs are entitled to 
		respect for their person; Article 34 which prohibits coercion and 
		Article 126 which ensures access and basic standards of treatment. 
		Although the provisions of Geneva are not applicable to the 
		interrogation of unlawful combatants, consideration should be given to 
		these views prior to application of the technique.] TAB B GENERAL 
		SAFEGUARDS (S/NF)(U) Application of these interrogation techniques is subject to the 
		following general safeguards: (i) limited to use only at strategic 
		interrogation facilities; (ii) there is a good basis to believe that the 
		detainee possesses critical intelligence; (iii) the detainee is 
		medically and operationally evaluated as suitable (considering all 
		techniques to be used in combination); (iv) interrogators are 
		specifically trained for the technique(s); (v) a specific interrogation 
		plan (including reasonable safeguards, limits on duration, intervals 
		between applications, termination criteria and the presence or 
		availability of qualified medical personnel) has been developed; (vi) 
		there is appropriate supervision; and, (vii) there is appropriate 
		specified senior approval for use with any specific detainee (after 
		considering the foregoing and receiving legal advice).
 (U) The purpose of 
		all interviews and interrogations is to get the most information from a 
		detainee with the least intrusive method, always applied in a humane and 
		lawful manner with sufficient oversight by trained investigators or 
		interrogators. Operating Instructions must be developed based on command 
		policies to insure uniform, careful, and safe application of any 
		interrogations of detainees. (S/NF)(U) Interrogations must always be planned, deliberate actions that take 
		into account numerous, often interlocking factors such as a detainee's 
		current and past performance in both detention and interrogation, a 
		detainee's emotional and physical strengths and weaknesses, an 
		assessment of possible approaches that may work on a certain detainee in 
		an effort to gain the trust of the detainee, strengths and weaknesses of 
		interrogators, and augmentation by other personnel for a certain 
		detainee based on other factors.
 (U) Interrogation 
		approaches are designed to manipulate the detainee's emotions and 
		weaknesses to gain his willing cooperation. Interrogation operations are 
		never conducted in a vacuum: they are conducted in close cooperation 
		with the units detaining the individuals. The policies established by 
		the detaining units that pertain to searching, silencing, and 
		segregating also playa role in the interrogation of a detainee. Detainee 
		interrogation involves developing a plan tailored to an individual and 
		approved by senior interrogators. Strict adherence to policies/standard 
		operating procedures governing the administration of interrogation 
		techniques and oversight is essential. Classified By: 
		Secretary of DefenseReason:1.5(a)
 Declassify On: 2 April 2013
 NOT RELEASABLE TOFOREIGN NATIONALS
 (S/NF)(U) It is important that interrogators be provided reasonable latitude 
		to vary techniques depending on the detainee's culture, strengths, 
		weaknesses, environment, extent of training in resistance techniques as 
		well as the urgency of obtaining information that the detainee is known 
		to have.
 (S/NF)(U) While techniques are considered individually within this analysis, 
		it must be understood that in practice, techniques are usually used in 
		combination; the cumulative effect of all techniques to b~ employed must 
		be considered before any decisions are made regarding approval for 
		particular situations. The title of a particular technique is not always 
		fully descriptive of a particular technique. With respect to the 
		employment of any techniques involving physical contact, stress or that 
		could produce physical pain or harm, a detailed explanation of that 
		technique must be provided to the decision authority prior to any 
		decision.
 
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