Name/Location |
Route |
Crude Capacity |
Length |
Estimated
Cost/Investment |
Status |
Atyrau-Samara Pipeline |
Atyrau (Kazakhstan) to
Samara (Russia), linking to Russian pipeline system |
Recently increased to
310,000 bbl/d |
432 miles |
Increase in capacity cost
approximately
$37.5 million |
Existing pipeline recently
upgraded by adding pumping and heating stations to increase capacity. |
Baku-Ceyhan ("Main Export Pipeline") |
Baku (Azerbaijan) via
Tbilisi (Georgia) to Ceyhan (Turkey), terminating at the Ceyhan
Mediterranean Sea port |
Planned: 1 million bbl/d |
Approximately 1,038 miles |
$2.9 billion |
One-year detailed
engineering study completed in June 2002. Construction on Turkish
section of pipeline began in June 2002. Completion of entire pipeline
targeted for 2004, exports by Feb. 2005. |
Baku-Supsa Pipeline (AIOC
"Early Oil" Western Route) |
Baku to Supsa (Georgia),
terminating at Supsa Black Sea port |
Recently upgraded from
115,000 to 145,000 bbl/d; proposed upgrades to between 300,000 bbl/d
to 600,000 bbl/d |
515 miles |
$600 million |
Exports began in April
1999; approximately 115,000 bbl/d exported via this route in 2001. |
Baku-Novorossiisk
Pipeline (Northern Route) |
Baku via Chechnya (Russia)
to Novorossiisk (Russia), terminating at Novorossiisk Black Sea oil
terminal |
100,000 bbl/d capacity;
possible upgrade to 300,000 bbl/d |
868 miles; 90 miles are in
Chechnya |
$600 million to upgrade to
300,000 bbl/d |
Exports began late 1997;
exports in 2001 averaged 50,000 bbl/d. |
Baku-Novorossiisk
Pipeline (Chechnya bypass, with link to Makhachkala) |
Baku via Dagestan to
Tikhoretsk (Russia) and terminating Novorossiisk Black Sea oil
terminal |
Currently: 120,000 bbl/d
(rail and pipeline: 160,000 bbl/d); Planned: 360,000 bbl/d (by 2005) |
204 miles |
$140 million |
Completed April 2000.
Eleven-mile spur connects bypass with Russia's Caspian Sea port of
Makhachkala. |
Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC) Pipeline |
Tengiz oil field
(Kazakhstan) to Novorossiisk Black Sea oil terminal |
Currently: 565,000-bbl/d;
Planned: 1.34-million bbl/d (by 2015) |
990 miles |
$2.5 billion for Phase 1
capacity; $4.2 billion total when completed |
First tanker loaded in
Novorossiisk (10/01); exports rising to 400,000 bbl/d by end-2002 |
Central Asia Oil
Pipeline |
Kazakhstan via Turkmenistan
and Afghanistan to Gwadar (Pakistan) |
Proposed 1
million bbl/d |
1,040 miles |
$2.5 billion |
Memorandum of Understanding
signed by the countries; project stalled by regional instability and
lack of financing. |
Iran-Azerbaijan Pipeline |
Baku to Tabriz (Iran) |
Proposed 200,000 bbl/d
to 400,000 bbl/d |
N/A |
$500 million |
Proposed by TotalFinaElf. |
Iran Oil Swap Pipeline |
Neka (Iran) to Tehran
(Iran) |
175,000 bbl/d, rising to
370,000 bbl/d |
208 miles |
$400 million to $500
million |
Under construction; oil
will be delivered to Neka and swapped for an equivalent amount at the
Iranian Persian Gulf coast. |
Kazakhstan-China
Pipeline |
Aktyubinsk (Kazakhstan) to
Xinjiang (China) |
Proposed 400,000 bbl/d to
800,000 bbl/d |
1,800 miles |
$3 billion to $3.5 billion |
Agreement 1997; feasibility
study halted in September 1999 because Kazakhstan could not commit
sufficient oil flows for the next 10 years. |
Kazakhstan-
Turkmenistan-Iran Pipeline |
Kazakhstan via Turkmenistan
to Kharg Island (Iran) on Persian Gulf |
Proposed 1million bbl/d |
930 miles |
$1.2 billion |
Feasibility study by
TotalFinaElf; proposed completion date by 2005. |
Khashuri-Batumi Pipeline |
Dubendi (Azerbaijan) via
Khashuri (Georgia) to Batumi |
Initial 70,000 bbl/d,
rising to 140,000 bbl/d-160,000 bbl/d |
Rail system from Dubendi to
Khashuri, then 105-mile pipeline from Khashuri to Batumi |
$70 million for pipeline
renovation |
ChevronTexaco has canceled
plans to rebuild and expand the existing pipeline. |
Trans-Caspian
(Kazakhstan Twin Pipelines) |
Aqtau (western Kazakhstan,
on Caspian coast) to Baku; could extend to Ceyhan |
N/A |
370 miles to Baku |
$2 billion to $4 billion
(if to Ceyhan) |
Feasibility study agreement
signed in December 1998 by Royal/Dutch Shell, ChevronTexaco,
ExxonMobil, and Kazakhstan; project stalled by lack of Caspian Sea
legal agreement. |
Name/Location |
Route |
Capacity |
Length |
Estimated
Cost/Investment |
Status |
Baku-Erzurum |
Baku (Azerbaijan) via
Tbilisi (Georgia) to Erzurum (Turkey), linking with Turkish natural
gas pipeline system |
Planned 254 Bcf capacity |
540 miles |
$1 billion (includes up to
$500 million to construct new Azeri section) |
Financing being arranged,
construction originally scheduled to start in summer 2002. |
"Centgas" (Central Asia
Gas) |
Daulatabad (Turkmenistan)
via Herat (Afghanistan) to Multan (Pakistan). Could extend to India. |
700 Bcf/year |
870 miles to Multan
(additional 400 miles to India) |
$2 billion to Pakistan
(additional $500 million to India) |
Memorandum of Understanding
signed by Turkmenistan, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Uzbekistan.
Presidents of Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Turkmenistan met in May 2002
to discuss reviving this pipeline idea. |
Central Asia-Center
Pipeline |
Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan
via Kazakhstan to Saratov (Russia), linking to Russian natural gas
pipeline system |
3.5 Tcf/year |
Existing route |
N/A |
Operational. Turkmenistan
is using this pipeline to export a total of 8.83 Tcf to Ukraine (via
Russia) from 2002 to 2006, as well as smaller amounts to Russia. |
China Gas Pipeline |
Turkmenistan to Xinjiang
(China). Could extend to Japan. |
1 Tcf/year |
4,1,61 miles; more if to
Japan |
$10 billion to China; more
if to Japan |
Preliminary feasibility
study done by ExxonMobil, Mitsubishi, and CNPC |
Trans-Caspian Gas Pipeline (TCGP) |
Turkmenbashy (Turkmenistan)
via Baku and Tbilisi to Erzurum, linking with Turkish natural gas
pipeline system |
565 Bcf in first stage,
eventually rising to 1.1 Tcf/year |
1,020 miles |
$2 billion to $3 billion |
Project stalled;
negotiations between Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan over pipeline volumes
restarted in October 2001. |
Korpezhe-Kurt-Kui |
Korpezhe (Turkmenistan) to
Kurt-Kui (Iran) |
283-350 Bcf/year; expansion
proposed to 459 Bcf/year by 2005 |
124 miles |
$190 million; 2005
expansion: $300 million to $400 million |
Operational since December
1997. |
Name/Location |
Route |
Crude Capacity |
Length |
Estimated
Cost/Investment |
Status |
Adria-Druzhba
Integration |
Russian Druzhba export
pipeline connected to Adria pipeline (flows reversed) to terminus at
Omisalj (Croatia) |
100,000 bbl/d in first full
year of operation; increasing to 300,000 bbl/d |
1,987 miles in total |
$20 million to modernize
Adria, integrate the pipelines, and reverse existing flows |
Yukos expects exports from
Omisalj via the integrated pipeline system to start by end-2002. |
Albanian Macedonian
Bulgarian Oil (AMBO) Pipeline |
Burgas (Bulgaria) via
Macedonia to Vlore (Albania) on Adriatic coast |
750,000 bbl/d (could be
expanded to 1-million bbl/d) |
560 miles |
$850 million to $1.1
billion |
Construction delayed,
(proposed 2001-2002) as financing is arranged. Completion originally
targeted for 2004-2005. |
Burgas Alexandropoulis
(Trans-Balkan Oil Pipeline) |
Burgas to Alexandropoulis
(Greece) on the Aegean Sea coast |
Proposed 600,000 bbl/d to
800,000 bbl/d |
178 miles |
$600 million |
Initial agreement signed in
1997 between Bulgaria, Greece, and Russia. Project delayed. |
Constanta-Trieste
Pipeline |
Constanta (Romania) via
Hungary, Slovenia, and/or Croatia to Trieste (Italy) on the Adriatic
Sea coast. Omisalj (Croatia) has also been proposed as a terminus. |
660,000 bbl/d |
855 miles |
$900 million |
Feasibility studies
completed; financing still to be arranged. |
South-East European Line
(SEEL) |
Constanta via Pancevo
(Yugoslavia) and Omisalj to Trieste. Omisalj has also been proposed as
a terminus. |
660,000 bbl/d |
750 miles |
$800 million |
Feasibility studies
completed; financing still to be arranged. |
Odesa-Brody
Pipeline |
Odesa (Ukraine) to Brody
(Ukraine), linking to the southern Druzhba pipeline; optional
spurs to the northern
Druzhba line at
Plotsk (Poland) and/or to Gdansk on the Baltic Sea coast. |
500,000 bbl/d |
400 miles from Odesa to
Brody |
$750 million for pipeline
and Pivdenny terminal |
Construction on pipeline
completed in August 2001; Pivdenny terminal became operational in
December 2001. Ukraine is seeking to sign contracts with Caspian oil
exporters to fill the line. |