| Name/Location | Route | Crude Capacity | Length | Estimated 
          Cost/Investment | Status | 
        
          | Atyrau-Samara Pipeline | Atyrau (Kazakhstan) to 
          Samara (Russia), linking to Russian pipeline system | Recently increased to 
          310,000 bbl/d | 432 miles | Increase in capacity cost 
          approximately $37.5 million
 | Existing pipeline recently 
          upgraded by adding pumping and heating stations to increase capacity. | 
        
          | Baku-Ceyhan ("Main Export Pipeline") | Baku (Azerbaijan) via 
          Tbilisi (Georgia) to Ceyhan (Turkey), terminating at the Ceyhan 
          Mediterranean Sea port | Planned: 1 million bbl/d | Approximately 1,038 miles | $2.9 billion | One-year detailed 
          engineering study completed in June 2002. Construction on Turkish 
          section of pipeline began in June 2002. Completion of entire pipeline 
          targeted for 2004, exports by Feb. 2005. | 
        
          | Baku-Supsa Pipeline (AIOC 
          "Early Oil" Western Route) | Baku to Supsa (Georgia), 
          terminating at Supsa Black Sea port | Recently upgraded from 
          115,000 to 145,000 bbl/d; proposed upgrades to between 300,000 bbl/d 
          to 600,000 bbl/d | 515 miles | $600 million | Exports began in April 
          1999; approximately 115,000 bbl/d exported via this route in 2001. | 
        
          | Baku-Novorossiisk 
          Pipeline (Northern Route) | Baku via Chechnya (Russia) 
          to Novorossiisk (Russia), terminating at Novorossiisk Black Sea oil 
          terminal | 100,000 bbl/d capacity; 
          possible upgrade to 300,000 bbl/d | 868 miles; 90 miles are in 
          Chechnya | $600 million to upgrade to 
          300,000 bbl/d | Exports began late 1997; 
          exports in 2001 averaged 50,000 bbl/d. | 
        
          | Baku-Novorossiisk 
          Pipeline (Chechnya bypass, with link to Makhachkala) | Baku via Dagestan to 
          Tikhoretsk (Russia) and terminating Novorossiisk Black Sea oil 
          terminal | Currently: 120,000 bbl/d 
          (rail and pipeline: 160,000 bbl/d); Planned: 360,000 bbl/d (by 2005) | 204 miles | $140 million | Completed April 2000. 
          Eleven-mile spur connects bypass with Russia's Caspian Sea port of 
          Makhachkala. | 
        
          | Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC) Pipeline | Tengiz oil field 
          (Kazakhstan) to Novorossiisk Black Sea oil terminal | Currently: 565,000-bbl/d; 
          Planned: 1.34-million bbl/d (by 2015) | 990 miles | $2.5 billion for Phase 1 
          capacity; $4.2 billion total when completed | First tanker loaded in 
          Novorossiisk (10/01); exports rising to 400,000 bbl/d by end-2002 | 
        
          | Central Asia Oil 
          Pipeline | Kazakhstan via Turkmenistan 
          and Afghanistan to Gwadar (Pakistan) | Proposed 1 
          million bbl/d | 1,040 miles | $2.5 billion | Memorandum of Understanding 
          signed by the countries; project stalled by regional instability and 
          lack of financing. | 
        
          | Iran-Azerbaijan Pipeline | Baku to Tabriz (Iran) | Proposed 200,000 bbl/d 
          to 400,000 bbl/d | N/A | $500 million | Proposed by TotalFinaElf. | 
        
          | Iran Oil Swap Pipeline | Neka (Iran) to Tehran 
          (Iran) | 175,000 bbl/d, rising to 
          370,000 bbl/d | 208 miles | $400 million to $500 
          million | Under construction; oil 
          will be delivered to Neka and swapped for an equivalent amount at the 
          Iranian Persian Gulf coast. | 
        
          | Kazakhstan-China 
          Pipeline | Aktyubinsk (Kazakhstan) to 
          Xinjiang (China) | Proposed 400,000 bbl/d to 
          800,000 bbl/d | 1,800 miles | $3 billion to $3.5 billion | Agreement 1997; feasibility 
          study halted in September 1999 because Kazakhstan could not commit 
          sufficient oil flows for the next 10 years. | 
        
          | Kazakhstan- 
          Turkmenistan-Iran Pipeline | Kazakhstan via Turkmenistan 
          to Kharg Island (Iran) on Persian Gulf | Proposed 1million bbl/d | 930 miles | $1.2 billion | Feasibility study by 
          TotalFinaElf; proposed completion date by 2005. | 
        
          | Khashuri-Batumi Pipeline | Dubendi (Azerbaijan) via 
          Khashuri (Georgia) to Batumi | Initial 70,000 bbl/d, 
          rising to 140,000 bbl/d-160,000 bbl/d | Rail system from Dubendi to 
          Khashuri, then 105-mile pipeline from Khashuri to Batumi | $70 million for pipeline 
          renovation | ChevronTexaco has canceled 
          plans to rebuild and expand the existing pipeline. | 
        
          | Trans-Caspian 
          (Kazakhstan Twin Pipelines) | Aqtau (western Kazakhstan, 
          on Caspian coast) to Baku; could extend to Ceyhan | N/A | 370 miles to Baku | $2 billion to $4 billion 
          (if to Ceyhan) | Feasibility study agreement 
          signed in December 1998 by Royal/Dutch Shell, ChevronTexaco, 
          ExxonMobil, and Kazakhstan; project stalled by lack of Caspian Sea 
          legal agreement. | 
      
      
        
          | Name/Location | Route | Capacity | Length | Estimated 
          Cost/Investment | Status | 
        
          | Baku-Erzurum | Baku (Azerbaijan) via 
          Tbilisi (Georgia) to Erzurum (Turkey), linking with Turkish natural 
          gas pipeline system | Planned 254 Bcf capacity | 540 miles | $1 billion (includes up to 
          $500 million to construct new Azeri section) | Financing being arranged, 
          construction originally scheduled to start in summer 2002. | 
        
          | "Centgas" (Central Asia 
          Gas) | Daulatabad (Turkmenistan) 
          via Herat (Afghanistan) to Multan (Pakistan). Could extend to India. | 700 Bcf/year | 870 miles to Multan 
          (additional 400 miles to India) | $2 billion to Pakistan 
          (additional $500 million to India) | Memorandum of Understanding 
          signed by  Turkmenistan, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Uzbekistan. 
          Presidents of Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Turkmenistan met in May 2002 
          to discuss reviving this pipeline idea. | 
        
          | Central Asia-Center 
          Pipeline | Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan 
          via Kazakhstan to Saratov (Russia), linking to Russian natural gas 
          pipeline system | 3.5 Tcf/year | Existing route | N/A | Operational. Turkmenistan 
          is using this pipeline to export a total of 8.83 Tcf to Ukraine (via 
          Russia) from 2002 to 2006, as well as smaller amounts to Russia. | 
        
          | China Gas Pipeline | Turkmenistan to Xinjiang 
          (China). Could extend to Japan. | 1 Tcf/year | 4,1,61 miles; more if to 
          Japan | $10 billion to China; more 
          if to Japan | Preliminary feasibility 
          study done by ExxonMobil, Mitsubishi, and CNPC | 
        
          | Trans-Caspian Gas Pipeline (TCGP) | Turkmenbashy (Turkmenistan) 
          via Baku and Tbilisi to Erzurum, linking with Turkish natural gas 
          pipeline system | 565 Bcf in first stage, 
          eventually rising to 1.1 Tcf/year | 1,020 miles | $2 billion to $3 billion | Project stalled; 
          negotiations between Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan over pipeline volumes 
          restarted in October 2001. | 
        
          | Korpezhe-Kurt-Kui | Korpezhe (Turkmenistan) to 
          Kurt-Kui (Iran) | 283-350 Bcf/year; expansion 
          proposed to 459 Bcf/year by 2005 | 124 miles | $190 million; 2005 
          expansion: $300 million to $400 million | Operational since December 
          1997. | 
      
      
        
          | Name/Location | Route | Crude Capacity | Length | Estimated 
          Cost/Investment | Status | 
        
          | Adria-Druzhba 
          Integration | Russian Druzhba export 
          pipeline connected to Adria pipeline (flows reversed) to terminus at 
          Omisalj (Croatia) | 100,000 bbl/d in first full 
          year of operation; increasing to 300,000 bbl/d | 1,987 miles in total | $20 million to modernize 
          Adria, integrate the pipelines, and reverse existing flows | Yukos expects exports from 
          Omisalj via the integrated pipeline system to start by end-2002. | 
        
          | Albanian Macedonian 
          Bulgarian Oil (AMBO) Pipeline | Burgas (Bulgaria) via 
          Macedonia to Vlore (Albania) on Adriatic coast | 750,000 bbl/d (could be 
          expanded to 1-million bbl/d) | 560 miles | $850 million to $1.1 
          billion | Construction delayed, 
          (proposed 2001-2002) as financing is arranged. Completion originally 
          targeted for 2004-2005. | 
        
          | Burgas Alexandropoulis 
          (Trans-Balkan Oil Pipeline) | Burgas to Alexandropoulis 
          (Greece) on the Aegean Sea coast | Proposed 600,000 bbl/d to 
          800,000 bbl/d | 178 miles | $600 million | Initial agreement signed in 
          1997 between Bulgaria, Greece, and Russia. Project delayed. | 
        
          | Constanta-Trieste 
          Pipeline | Constanta (Romania) via 
          Hungary, Slovenia, and/or Croatia to Trieste (Italy) on the Adriatic 
          Sea coast.  Omisalj (Croatia) has also been proposed as a terminus. | 660,000 bbl/d | 855 miles | $900 million | Feasibility studies 
          completed; financing still to be arranged. | 
        
          | South-East European Line 
          (SEEL) | Constanta via Pancevo 
          (Yugoslavia) and Omisalj to Trieste. Omisalj has also been proposed as 
          a terminus. | 660,000 bbl/d | 750 miles | $800 million | Feasibility studies 
          completed; financing still to be arranged. | 
        
          | Odesa-Brody 
          Pipeline | Odesa (Ukraine) to Brody 
          (Ukraine), linking to the southern Druzhba pipeline; optional spurs to the northern
 Druzhba line at 
          Plotsk (Poland) and/or to Gdansk on the Baltic Sea coast.
 | 500,000 bbl/d | 400 miles from Odesa to 
          Brody | $750 million for pipeline 
          and Pivdenny terminal | Construction on pipeline 
          completed in August 2001; Pivdenny terminal became operational in 
          December 2001. Ukraine is seeking to sign contracts with Caspian oil 
          exporters to fill the line. |