by Martin A. Lee
						
						
						Islamism, Fascism and Terrorism, by Marc Erikson
						
						Nada Management 
						(Al Taqwa)
						
						Spring 2002 
						Intelligence Report
						In 
						the wake of Sept. 11, new light is thrown on the 
						international ties increasingly linking Muslim and 
						neo-Nazi extremists
						As 
						Germany's defeat loomed during the final months of World 
						War II, Adolf Hitler increasingly lapsed into delusional 
						fits of fantasy. 
						
						Albert Speer, in his prison writings, recounts an 
						episode in which a maniacal Hitler "pictured for himself 
						and for us the destruction of New York in a hurricane of 
						fire." 
						
						The Nazi fuehrer described skyscrapers turning into 
						"gigantic burning torches, collapsing upon one another, 
						the glow of the exploding city illuminating the dark 
						sky."
						
						An approximation of Hitler's hellish vision came true on 
						Sept. 11, when terrorists destroyed the Twin Towers in 
						New York, killing nearly 3,000 people. But it was not 
						Nazis or even neo-Nazis who carried out the attack — the 
						deadliest terror strike in history allegedly came at the 
						hands of foreign Muslim extremists.
						
						Still, in the aftermath of the slaughter, white 
						supremacists in America and Europe applauded the suicide 
						attacks and praised Osama bin Laden, the mastermind of 
						the massacre. 
						
						An official of America's premier neo-Nazi group, the 
						National Alliance, said he wished his own members had 
						"half as much testicular fortitude." The awestruck 
						leader of another U.S. Nazi group called the terrorists 
						"VERY BRAVE PEOPLE." 
						
						Neofascist youth in France celebrated the event that 
						evening with champagne at the headquarters of the 
						extreme right Front National. German neo-Nazis, some 
						wearing checkered Palestinian headscarves, rejoiced at 
						street demonstrations while burning an American flag.
						
						
						Jan Kopal, head of the Czech National Social Bloc, 
						declared at a rally in Prague that bin Laden was "an 
						example for our children." 
						
						Horst Mahler, a former left-wing terrorist and prominent 
						member of the neo-Nazi National Democratic Party (NPD) 
						in Germany, proclaimed his solidarity with the 
						terrorists and said America had gotten what it deserved.
						
						What's going on here? 
						
						For decades, American extremists have lumped Arabs in 
						with dark-skinned "mud people." In Europe, 
						neo-Nazis have been implicated in countless xenophobic 
						attacks on Arabs, Turks and other Muslims. 
						
						Extremist parties on both sides of the Atlantic hope to 
						bar entrance to non-white immigrants.
						
						The peculiar bond between white nationalist groups and 
						certain Muslim extremists derives in part from a shared 
						set of enemies — Jews, the United States, race-mixing, 
						ethnic diversity. 
						
						It is also very much a function of the shared belief 
						that they must shield their own peoples from the 
						corrupting influence of foreign cultures and the 
						homogenizing juggernaut of globalization. 
						
						Both sets of groups also have a penchant for far-flung 
						conspiracy theories that caricature Jewish power.
						
						But there is more. Even before World War II, Western 
						fascists began to forge ideological and operational ties 
						to Islamic extremists. 
						
						Over the years, these contacts between Nazis and Muslim 
						nationalists developed into dangerous networks that have 
						been implicated in a number of bloody terrorist attacks 
						in Europe and the Middle East. 
						
						Wealthy Arab regimes have financed extremists in Europe 
						and the United States, just as Western neo-Nazis have 
						helped to build Holocaust denial machinery in the Arab 
						world. 
						
						In the 1970s, Saudi Arabia hired an American neo-Nazi as 
						a lobbyist in the United States. In the 1980s, U.S. 
						neo-Nazi strategist Louis Beam openly called for a 
						linkup of America's far right with the "liberation 
						movements" of Libya, Syria, Iran and Palestine. 
						
						In the 1990s, an American Black Muslim was convicted in 
						a plot to bomb the United Nations and other New York 
						landmarks that was masterminded by a blind Egyptian 
						cleric.
						
						Just last year, a meeting sponsored by a U.S. Holocaust 
						denial group brought together Arab and Western 
						extremists in Jordan. And after the Sept. 11 attacks, a 
						spate of articles by American neo-Nazis and white 
						supremacists appeared in Islamic publications and Web 
						sites.
						
						Although links like these illustrate the ties between 
						Muslim extremists and Americans, such ties are far more 
						developed in Europe. 
						
						But since the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11, there are a 
						number of signs — including a spate of articles by 
						American neo-Nazis that have appeared in Islamic 
						publications and websites — that an operational alliance 
						may be taking shape in the United States as well.
						
						Banking for Allah
						
						
						Perhaps the best contemporary snapshot of this 
						Nazi-Islamist extremist axis comes in the person of one 
						Ahmed Huber, a neo-Nazi whose home in a suburb of Berne 
						was raided by Swiss police on Nov. 8, after U.S. 
						officials identified him as a linchpin in the financial 
						machinations of Osama bin Laden. 
						
						The raid was part of a coordinated law enforcement 
						dragnet that seized records from the offices of Al Taqwa, 
						an international banking group. 
						
						Al Taqwa, which literally means "Fear of God," had been 
						channeling funds to Muslim extremist organizations 
						around the world, including Hamas, a group active in the 
						Israeli-occupied territories. 
						
						Huber, a former journalist who converted to Islam and 
						changed his first name from Albert, served on the board 
						of Nada Management, a component of Al Taqwa. 
						
						After Swiss authorities froze the firm's assets and 
						questioned Huber, the 74-year-old denounced Washington 
						for doing the bidding of "Jew Zionists" who "rule 
						America." In January, Nada Management announced that it 
						had gone into liquidation.
						
						A well-known figure in European neofascist circles, 
						Huber "sees himself as a mediator between Islam and 
						right-wing groups," according to Germany's Office for 
						the Protection of the Constitution. 
						
						Portraits of Hitler and SS chief Heinrich Himmler adorn 
						the walls of Huber's office, alongside photos of Islamic 
						political leaders and a picture of Jean-Marie Le Pen, 
						the present-day boss of the French Front National.
						
						In accordance with his self-proclaimed mission to unite 
						Muslim fundamentalists and extreme right-wing forces in 
						Europe and North America, Huber has traveled widely and 
						proselytized at numerous gatherings. 
						
						In Germany, he speaks often at events hosted by the 
						neo-Nazi National Democratic Party, which publicly 
						welcomed the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks. Huber also 
						befriended British author David Irving and other 
						Holocaust deniers while frequenting "revisionist" 
						conclaves.
						
						A Bin Laden Fan in 
						Chicago
						At 
						the same time, Huber made the rounds of the radical 
						Islamic circuit in Western countries. In June 1994, he 
						spoke about the "evils of the Jews" at a mosque in 
						Potomac, Md. (just outside Washington, D.C.), where 
						videotapes of Huber's speeches are reportedly on sale.
						
						During a subsequent visit to Chicago, he attended a 
						private assembly that brought together, in Huber's 
						words, "the authentic Right and the fighters for Islam." 
						Huber told journalist Richard Labeviere that "major 
						decisions were taken [in Chicago]. ... [T]he 
						reunification is under way."
						
						Huber acknowledges meeting al-Qaeda operatives on 
						several occasions at Muslim conferences in Beirut, 
						Brussels and London. He has been quoted in the Swiss 
						media as saying that bin Laden's associates "are very 
						discreet, well-educated and highly intelligent people."
						
						
						The U.S. government claims that Huber's banking firm 
						helped bin Laden shift financial assets around the 
						world. But Huber denies any involvement in terrorist 
						activities. He insists Al Taqwa was engaged in 
						charitable work, providing aid for social services that 
						benefited needy Muslims.
						
						Described as "the financial heart of the Islamist 
						economic apparatus," Al Taqwa is intertwined with the 
						Muslim Brotherhood, a longstanding, far-right cult whose 
						emblem is a Koran crossed by a sword. 
						
						The influence of the Brotherhood extends throughout the 
						Muslim world, where it vigorously, and often violently, 
						opposes secular Arab regimes. 
						
						In 1981, partisans of the Muslim Brotherhood were 
						implicated in the assassination of Egyptian president 
						Anwar Sadat. Several members of Islamic Jihad, an 
						extremist sect closely associated with the Brotherhood, 
						were also involved in the Sadat assassination. 
						
						By the early 1990s, Islamic Jihad would closely ally 
						itself with bin Laden's al Qaeda network.
						
						Back to the Beginning
						
						The roots of the Muslim Brotherhood — and, in many ways, 
						the Nazi-Muslim axis — go back to the organization's 
						formation in Egypt in 1928. 
						
						Marking the start of modern political Islam, or what is 
						often referred to as "Islamic fundamentalism," the 
						Brotherhood from the outset envisioned a time when an 
						Islamic state would prevail in Egypt and other Arab 
						countries, where the organization quickly established 
						local branches. 
						
						The growth of the Muslim Brotherhood coincided with the 
						rise of fascist movements in Europe — a parallel noted 
						by Muhammad Sa'id al-'Ashmawy, former chief justice of 
						Egypt's High Criminal Court.
						
						Al-'Ashmawy decried "the perversion of Islam" and "the 
						fascistic ideology" that infuses the world view of the 
						Brothers, "their total (if not totalitarian) way of life 
						... [and] their fantastical reading of the Koran."
						
						Youssef Nada, current board chairman of Al Taqwa, had 
						joined the armed branch of the Muslim Brotherhood as a 
						young man in Egypt during World War II. Nada and several 
						of his cohorts in the Sunni Muslim fraternity were 
						recruited by German military intelligence, which sought 
						to undermine British colonial rule in the land of the 
						sphinx. 
						
						Hassan al-Banna, the Egyptian schoolteacher who founded 
						the Muslim Brotherhood, also collaborated with spies of 
						the Third Reich.
						
						Advocating a pan-Islamic insurgency in 
						British-controlled Palestine, the Brotherhood proclaimed 
						their support for the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin 
						Al-Husseini, in the late 1930s. 
						
						The Grand Mufti, the preeminent religious figure among 
						Palestinian Muslims, was the most notable Arab leader to 
						seek an alliance with Nazi Germany, which was eager to 
						extend its influence in the Middle East.
						
						Although he loathed Arabs (he once described them as 
						"lacquered half-apes who ought to be whipped"), Hitler 
						understood that he and the Mufti shared the same rivals 
						— the British, the Jews and the Communists. 
						
						Indicative of the old Arab adage, "The enemy of my enemy 
						is my friend," they met in Berlin, where the Mufti lived 
						in exile during the war. 
						
						The Mufti agreed to help organize a special Muslim 
						division of the Waffen SS. Powerful radio transmitters 
						were put at the Mufti's disposal so that his pro-Axis 
						propaganda could be heard throughout the Arab world.
						
						A Mecca for Fascists
						
						After the defeat of Nazi Germany, the Grand Mufti fled 
						to Egypt. His arrival in 1946 was a precursor to a 
						steady stream of Third Reich veterans who chose Cairo as 
						a postwar hideout. 
						
						The Egyptian capital became a safe haven for several 
						thousand Nazi fugitives, including former SS Captain 
						Alois Brunner, Adolf Eichmann's chief deputy. Convicted 
						in absentia for war crimes, Brunner would later reside 
						in Damascus, where he served as a security advisor for 
						the Syrian government.
						
						Several American fascists visited the Middle East during 
						this period, including Francis Parker Yockey, who made 
						his way to Cairo in the summer of 1953, a year after the 
						corrupt Egyptian monarchy was overthrown by a military 
						coup. 
						
						The Brotherhood had played a major role in instigating 
						the popular uprising that set the stage for the 
						emergence of Col. Gamal Abdel Nasser as Egypt's new 
						leader. But Nasser, who had little interest in mixing 
						politics and religion, would subsequently have a falling 
						out with the Islamic fundamentalist sect.
						
						When Nasser wanted to overhaul Egypt's secret service, 
						he asked the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency for 
						assistance. But the U.S. government "found it highly 
						impolitic to help him directly," CIA agent Miles 
						Copeland recalled in a memoir.
						
						So, the CIA instead secretly bankrolled more than 100 
						German espionage and military experts who trained 
						Egyptian police and army units in the mid-1950s.
						
						An American Reaches Out
						
						During this period, the Grand Mufti maintained close 
						relations with the burgeoning Nazi exile community in 
						Cairo, while cultivating ties to right-wing extremists 
						in the United States and other countries. 
						
						H. Keith Thompson, a New York-based businessman and Nazi 
						activist, was a confidant of the Mufti. "I did a couple 
						of jobs for him, getting some documents from files that 
						were otherwise unavailable," Thompson acknowledged in an 
						interview.
						
						Thompson also carried on a lively correspondence with 
						Johannes von Leers, one of the Third Reich's most 
						prolific Jew-baiters, who converted to Islam and changed 
						his name to Omar Amin after he took up residence in 
						Cairo in 1955. 
						
						"If there is any hope to free the world from Jewish 
						tyranny," Amin wrote Thompson, "it is with the Moslems, 
						who stand steadfastly against Zionism, Colonialism and 
						Imperialism." 
						
						Formerly Goebbels' right-hand man, Amin became a top 
						official in the Egyptian Information Ministry, which 
						employed several European fascists who churned out hate 
						literature and anti-Jewish broadcasts. 
						
						Another German expatriate, Louis Heiden, alias Louis Al-Hadj, 
						translated Hitler's Mein Kampf into Arabic.
						
						The Egyptian government also published The Protocols of 
						the Elders of Zion, the infamous anti-Semitic forgery 
						that purports to reveal a Jewish master plan for taking 
						over the world. 
						
						A staple of Nazi propaganda, the Protocols also are 
						quoted in Article 32 of the charter of Hamas, the 
						hard-line Palestinian fundamentalist group that is 
						supported by the Muslim Brotherhood — even though Muslim 
						scholars say such views are an anathema to mainstream 
						Islam. 
						
						"There are no historic roots for anti-Semitism in 
						Islam," says Hasem Saghiyeh, a columnist at Al Hayat, a 
						London-based Arab newspaper. "The process of translating 
						books like The Protocols of the Elders of Zion on a 
						popular scale started in Nasser's Egypt, but only the 
						Islamic fundamentalist movement incorporated them into 
						its literature."
						
						Mercenaries for Palestine
						
						After Israel's overwhelming victory in the Six Day War 
						in June 1967, a mood of desperate militancy engulfed the 
						Palestinian refugee camps. 
						
						Deprived of a homeland, the leaders of the Palestine 
						Liberation Organization (PLO) apparently felt that they 
						couldn't afford to turn down offers of help, no matter 
						how unsavory the donors. Karl von Kyna, a West German 
						neo-Nazi mercenary, died during a Palestinian commando 
						raid in September 1967. 
						
						Eager to continue their vendetta against the Jews, 
						several right-wing extremists subsequently joined the 
						Hilfskorp Arabien ("Auxiliary Corps Arabia"), which was 
						advertised in the Munich-based Deutsche National-Zeitung, 
						a pro-Nazi newspaper, in 1968.
						
						The following year, the Popular Front for the Liberation 
						of Palestine (PFLP) hijacked several commercial 
						airplanes. When three PFLP members stood trial after 
						blowing up an Israeli jet in Zurich, the legal costs for 
						their defense were paid by Francois Genoud, an elusive 
						Swiss banker described by the London Observer as "one of 
						the world's leading Nazis." 
						
						Genoud had previously picked up the tab for Adolf 
						Eichmann's legal defense, and a number of other Nazi war 
						criminals and Arab terrorists would also benefit from 
						his largesse. 
						
						Where did the money come from? According to European 
						press accounts, Genoud was managing the hidden Swiss 
						treasure of the Third Reich, most of which had been 
						stolen from Jews. 
						
						"Security services claim he transferred the defeated 
						Nazis' gold into Swiss bank accounts," reports Gitta 
						Sereny, who called Genoud "the most mysterious man in 
						Europe."
						
						After World War II, Genoud served as the financial 
						advisor to the Grand Mufti. 
						
						In 1958, the Swiss Nazi set up the Arab Commercial Bank 
						in Geneva to manage the war chest of the Algerian 
						National Liberation Front, whose partisans were fighting 
						to free their country from French colonial rule. 
						
						Several Third Reich veterans, including Maj. Gen. Otto 
						Ernst Remer, who had served as Hitler's bodyguard, 
						smuggled weapons to the Algerian rebels, while other 
						German advisors provided military instruction. 
						
						Under the guise of supporting the Arabs' struggle 
						against French colonialism, Genoud and his Nazi cohorts 
						were following the same geopolitical strategy that 
						Hitler had pursued in the Middle East.
						
						Europeans and Pro-Palestinian Terror
						In 
						addition to brokering arms sales to Arab militants, 
						Genoud helped subsidize terrorist networks in Europe and 
						the Arab world. 
						This financier of fascism waited until the statue of 
						limitations ran out before admitting that he had 
						personally written and sent ransom notes demanding $5 
						million to the German airline Lufthansa and several news 
						services after PFLP terrorists hijacked another jet in 
						1972. 
						
						That same year, the Black September organization 
						murdered nine Israeli athletes at the Munich Olympics. 
						When Black September leader Hassan Salameh needed 
						medical attention, Genoud arranged for him to be treated 
						at a private clinic in Lausanne.
						
						In 1974, PLO chief Yasser Arafat publicly indicated a 
						willingness to renounce international terrorism and 
						declared his interest in a settlement that would finally 
						establish a Palestinian homeland in the Israeli-occupied 
						territories. These steps toward moderation angered Arab 
						hardliners, who ruled out any compromise with Israel.
						
						
						Not surprisingly, Genoud and other neofascists favored 
						the most belligerent factions that kept calling for the 
						annihilation of the Jewish state.
						
						After bombing four U.S. Army bases in West Germany in 
						1982, Odfried Hepp, a young neo-Nazi renegade, went 
						underground and joined the Tunis-based Palestine 
						Liberation Front (PLF). 
						
						Hepp, one of West Germany's most wanted terrorists, was 
						arrested in June 1985 while entering the apartment of a 
						PLF member in Paris. Four months later, PLF commandos 
						seized the Achille Lauro cruise ship and murdered Leon 
						Klinghoffer, a wheelchair-bound Jewish American. 
						
						Included on the PLF's list of prisoners to be exchanged 
						for the Achille Lauro hostages was the name of Odfried 
						Hepp.
						
						Fundamentalism and the Iranian Revolution
						
						Islamic fundamentalism got a tremendous boost when the 
						Ayatollah Khomeini toppled the Shah during the 1979 
						Iranian revolution. 
						
						The Ayatollah's description of the United States and the 
						Soviet Union as "the twin Satans" dovetailed neatly with 
						the "Third Position" politics of many European and 
						American neofascists, an ideology that rejects both 
						American capitalism and Soviet Communism. 
						
						Some white supremacists also shared Khomeini's dream of 
						launching a "holy war" against what was seen as 
						decadent, Western-style democracy. 
						
						When Iran issued a call for the assassination of author 
						Salman Rushdie for writing The Satanic Verses, several 
						neo-Nazi groups supported the Iranian fatwa.
						
						Far-right fanatics also hailed the 1983 suicide 
						car-bombing by Iranian-backed Shiite terrorists that 
						killed 271 U.S. Marines in Beirut. 
						
						The British National Front had nothing but praise for 
						Khomeini's Islamic Revolutionary Guards: 
						
							
							Their belief 
							in their cause is so strong that they will run 
							through mine fields unarmed to attack enemy 
							positions; their ideals are so all-consuming that 
							they will drive truck bombs into enemy camps knowing 
							full well their [own] death is inevitable. ... This 
							power, this contempt for death, is the stuff of 
							which victories are made.
						
						In 
						1987, French police cordoned off the Iranian embassy in 
						Paris and demanded that a magistrate be allowed to 
						interrogate Wahid Gordji, an Iranian official suspected 
						of orchestrating a series of bombings that rocked the 
						French capital during the previous a year. 
						
						French investigators got on to Gordji's trail after they 
						discovered a check for 120,000 francs (about $20,000) 
						that he had written to Ogmios, a neo-Nazi publisher and 
						bookstore in Paris. The money was used to underwrite a 
						slick catalogue promoting The Myth of the Jewish 
						Holocaust and similar titles. 
						
						But the Iranian government rebuffed the French 
						authorities who wanted to question Gordji, causing a 
						rupture in diplomatic relations between Paris and 
						Tehran. 
						
						The six-month embassy stand-off was finally resolved 
						after French officials met with representatives of a 
						group called "The Friends of Wahid Gordji" — a group 
						which included the redoubtable Nazi banker Francois 
						Genoud.
						
						Nazis in Baghdad
						
						Links between white supremacists and the Iranian 
						government continued after Khomeini's death in 1989. 
						
						On several occasions in recent years, American neo-Nazi 
						chieftain William Pierce has been interviewed by Radio 
						Tehran. U.S. white supremacists have also snuggled up to 
						Iran's archenemy, Saddam Hussein. 
						
						In 1990, Gene Schroder, an ideologue of the far-right 
						"common-law court" movement, joined a delegation of 
						Midwest farmers to Washington for a meeting in the Iraqi 
						embassy, where Iraqi officials were trying to drum up 
						opposition to the impending Persian Gulf War. 
						
						During that 1991 war, Oklahoma Klan leader Dennis Mahon 
						organized a small rally in Tulsa in support of Saddam. 
						Mahon says he later received a couple of hundred dollars 
						in an unmarked envelope from the Iraqi government.
						
						In addition, shortly before the war, German neo-Nazis 
						solicited support from Iraq for an anti-Zionist legion 
						composed of far-right mercenaries from several European 
						countries. The members of this so-called international 
						"Freedom Corps" pretentiously strutted around Baghdad in 
						SS uniforms. 
						
						As soon as bombs started to fall on the Iraqi capital, 
						however, the neo-Nazi volunteers scurried back to 
						Europe.
						
						A number of prominent neofascists have expressed support 
						for Saddam, including Vladimir Zhirinovsky, the Russian 
						demagogue, who visited Iraq after the Gulf War. 
						
						Jean-Marie Le Pen of the French Front National also got 
						the red-carpet treatment when he met Saddam in Baghdad.
						
						
						Although he built his political career by disparaging 
						Arab immigrants, Le Pen now claims that he is deeply 
						concerned about the plight of Iraqi children who have 
						suffered under sanctions imposed by the United Nations.
						
						
						His wife, Jany, who heads a group called SOS Children of 
						Iraq, has joined Le Pen on several trips to Baghdad. 
						Thus far, however, Arab children in France have yet to 
						benefit from the supposed good Samaritan act of the Le 
						Pens.
						
						The Libyan Connection
						On 
						June 28, 2000, the Times of London reported that Libyan 
						leader Muammar Ghaddafi had ordered the deposit of $25 
						million into a bank in Carinthia, the Austrian province 
						governed by Jorg Haider, de facto leader of the 
						far-right Freedom Party. 
						
						(The Freedom Party is an immigrant-bashing organization 
						that is home to many neo-Nazis and former Nazis and has 
						downplayed German war atrocities.) 
						
						Col. Ghaddafi's cash gift — which Haider described as 
						"Christmas for Austria" — was meant to ease the strain 
						of sanctions imposed on Austria by the European Union 
						after the Freedom Party joined Austria's national 
						governing coalition.
						
						This was the second rabbit Haider pulled from his hat as 
						a result of two private forays to Tripoli, where he met 
						Ghaddafi. 
						
						After his first Libyan excursion, Haider announced he 
						was tackling Austria's high gas prices by arranging for 
						Libyan gasoline to be sold in Carinthia at a discount. 
						News photos showed Haider, the Porsche-driving populist, 
						beaming as he pumped gas for motorists.
						
						Over the years, Ghaddafi has been wooed by several 
						neofascist leaders, including Italian fugitive Stefano 
						delle Chiaie, who was accused of masterminding a series 
						of bomb attacks in Rome and Milan. 
						
						Described in a 1982 CIA report as "the most prominent 
						rightist terrorist ... still at large," delle Chiaie 
						wrote a letter to Ghadaffi, inviting him to join in a 
						common struggle against "atheistic Soviet Marxism and 
						American capitalist materialism," both of which were 
						supposedly controlled by "international Zionism." 
						
						Delle Chiaie added: "Libya can, if it wants, be the 
						active focus, the center of national socialist 
						renovation [that will] break the chains which enslave 
						people and nations."
						
						Ghaddafi, the Green Book and Western Extremism
						
						Links between Libya and the European far right have been 
						scrutinized in several parliamentary and judicial probes 
						in Italy. 
						One Italian judicial inquiry found that the Libyan 
						embassy in Rome had provided money to aid the escape of 
						Italian terrorist suspect Mario Tuti shortly after the 
						bombing of an express train near Florence in 1974. Tuti 
						was later captured and sentenced to a lengthy prison 
						term for orchestrating the attack, which killed 12 
						people and injured 44 others.
						
						Ghadaffi's financial largesse and his militant 
						anti-Zionism has generated support for the Libyan regime 
						among right-wing extremists around the world, including 
						in Great Britain, where the Green Book, Ghaddafi's 
						political manifesto, was promoted by the neo-Nazi 
						National Front. 
						
						In 1984, according to former British Nazi leader Ray 
						Hill (who later renounced racism and worked with 
						antiracists), the Libyan People's Bureau put up money 
						for a special anti-Semitic supplement to the National 
						Front's monthly magazine. 
						
						In addition, Ghadaffi's government picked up the tab for 
						several junkets so that neofascists from England, 
						France, Canada, the Netherlands and several other 
						countries could visit the Libyan capital.
						
						Col. Ghaddafi is also widely admired by white 
						supremacists in the United States. 
						
						The Green Book has been featured as the top online book 
						on the Web site of the American Front, whose professed 
						aim is "to secure National Freedom and Social Justice 
						for the White people of North America." 
						
						Asserting that he is "against race mixing," American 
						Front leader James Porazzo praises Libya and says that 
						his group has much in common ideologically with Louis 
						Farrakhan's Nation of Islam, which has its own links to 
						Ghaddafi.
						
						Porazzo also says he has "great respect for the actions 
						of Hamas and Hezbollah," two radical Islamist groups 
						involved in suicide bombings, as long as they "see that 
						their home is in the Mideast and that their religion is 
						great for their people but not intended for all 
						mankind."
						
						'Working for Their Races'
						
						The Philadelphia-based American Front thinks highly of 
						Osama bin Laden, too, describing him as "one of ZOG 
						[Zionist Occupation Government, the name many extremists 
						give to the federal government, which they believe is 
						run by Jews] and the New World Order's biggest enemies."
						
						
						And it is not alone. Wolfgang Droege, one of 17 Canadian 
						racists who traveled on a "fact-finding mission" to 
						Libya in 1989, is similarly enamored of bin Laden, 
						seeing parallels between bin Laden's struggle and others 
						supporting "racial nationalism" in North America. 
						
						"I've had dealings with Black Muslims, I've had dealings 
						with Arabs, I've had dealings with people of various 
						races, and I realize that some of these people are as 
						motivated as I am in working for the interest of their 
						race," Droege told MacLean's magazine.
						
						While they wouldn't want bin Laden, or anyone of 
						non-European descent, living next door, leaders of the 
						hard-core racist movement in the United States have 
						seized upon the Sept. 11 attacks as an opportunity to 
						expand their strategic alliance with Islamic radicals 
						under the pretext of supporting Palestinian rights. 
						
						After hijacked airplanes demolished the World Trade 
						Center and damaged the Pentagon, a number of Muslim 
						newspapers published a flurry of articles by American 
						white supremacists ranting against Israel and the Jews.
						
						
						Anti-Zionist commentary by neo-Nazi David Duke appeared 
						on the front page of the Oman Times, for instance, and 
						on an extremist website based in Pakistan. 
						
						Another opinion piece by Duke ran in Muslims, a New 
						York-based English-language weekly, which also featured 
						a lengthy critique of U.S. foreign policy by William 
						Pierce, head of the rabidly racist National Alliance.
						
						
						In the wake of Sept. 11, several American neo-Nazi 
						websites also started to offer links to Islamic 
						websites.
						
						The psychological dynamics that propel the actions of 
						Islamic terrorists have much in common with the mental 
						outlook of neo-Nazis. 
						
						Both glorify violence as a regenerative force and both 
						are willing to slaughter innocents in the name of 
						creating a new social order. 
						
						The potential for an alliance between American neo-Nazis 
						and Islamic terrorists — an alliance that could develop 
						into strong operational ties — cannot be ruled out given 
						the long and sordid history of fascist links to the 
						Muslim world.