| by David Martin, 
      author of America's Dreyfus Affair  Strong, credible 
      allegations of high-level criminal activity can bring down a government. 
      When the government lacks an effective, fact-based defense, other 
      techniques must be employed. The success of these techniques depends 
      heavily upon a cooperative, compliant press and a mere token opposition 
      party. 
 1. Dummy up. If it's not reported, if it's not news, it didn't happen.
 
 2.Wax indignant. This is also known as the "how dare you?" gambit.
 
 3.Characterize the charges as "rumors" or, better yet, "wild rumors." If, 
      in spite of the news blackout, the public is still able to learn about the 
      suspicious facts, it can only be through "rumors." (If they tend to 
      believe the "rumors" it must be because they are simply "paranoid" or 
      "hysterical.")
 
 4. Knock down straw men. Deal only with the weakest aspect of the weakest 
      charges. Even better, create your own straw men. Make up wild rumors and 
      give them lead play when you appear to debunk all the charges, real and 
      fanciful alike.
 
 5. Call the skeptics names like "conspiracy theorist," "nut," "ranter," 
      "kook," "crackpot," and of course, "rumor monger." Be sure, too, to use 
      heavily loaded verbs and adjectives when characterizing their charges and 
      defending the "more reasonable" government and its defenders. You must 
      then carefully avoid fair and open debate with any of the people you have 
      thus maligned. For insurance, set up your own "skeptics" to shoot down.
 
 6. Impugn motives. Attempt to marginalize the critics by suggesting 
      strongly that they are not really interested in the truth but are simply 
      pursuing a partisan political agenda or are out to make money (compared to 
      over-compensated adherents to the government line who, presumably, are 
      not).
 
 7. Invoke authority. Here the controlled press and the sham opposition can 
      be very useful.
 
 8. Dismiss the charges as "old news."
 
 9. Come half-clean. This is also known as "confession and avoidance" or 
      "taking the limited hangout route." This way, you create the impression of 
      candor and honesty while you admit only to relatively harmless, 
      less-than-criminal "mistakes." This stratagem often requires the embrace 
      of a fall-back position quite different from the one originally taken. 
      With effective damage control, the fall-back position need only be peddled 
      by stooge skeptics to carefully limited markets.
 
 10. Characterize the crimes as impossibly complex and the truth as 
      ultimately unknowable.
 
 11. Reason backward, using the deductive method with a vengeance. With 
      thoroughly rigorous deduction, troublesome evidence is irrelevant. For 
      example: We have a completely free press. If they know of evidence that 
      the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (BATF) had prior knowledge of 
      the Oklahoma City bombing they would have reported it. They haven't 
      reported it, so there was no prior knowledge by the BATF. Another 
      variation on this theme involves the likelihood of a conspiracy leaker and 
      a press that would report the leak.
 
 12. Require the skeptics to solve the crime completely. For example: If 
      Vince Foster was murdered, who did it and why?
 
 13. Change the subject. This technique includes creating and/or 
      publicizing distractions.
 
 14. Scantly report incriminating facts, and then make nothing of them. 
      This is sometimes referred to as "bump and run" reporting.
 
 15. Baldly and brazenly lie. A favorite way of doing this is to attribute 
      the "facts" furnished the public to a plausible-sounding, but anonymous, 
      source.
 
 16. Expanding further on numbers 4 and 5, have your own stooges "expose" 
      scandals and champion popular causes. Their job is to pre-empt real 
      opponents and to play 99-yard football. A variation is to pay rich people 
      for the job who will pretend to spend their own money.
 
 17. Flood the Internet with agents. This is the answer to the question, 
      "What could possibly motivate a person to spend hour upon hour on Internet 
      news groups defending the government and/or the press and harassing 
      genuine critics?" Don't the authorities have defenders enough in all the 
      newspapers, magazines, radio, and television? One would think refusing to 
      print critical letters and screening out serious callers or dumping them 
      from radio talk shows would be control enough, but, obviously, it is not.
 
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